The DOI matches its Crossref record; 188 of the 188 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender bias in academia: A lifetime problem that needs solutions
Open accessAbstract
Despite increased awareness of the lack of gender equity in academia and a growing number of initiatives to address issues of diversity, change is slow and inequalities remain. A major source of inequity is gender bias, which has a substantial negative impact on the careers, work-life balance, and mental health of underrepresented groups in science. Here, we argue that gender bias is not a single problem but manifests as a collection of distinct issues that impact researchers' lives. We disentangle these facets and propose concrete solutions that can be adopted by individuals, academic institutions, and society.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.
Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.109.3.573 · Cited by 7,300
Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 · Cited by 6,682
Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance
Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.1998.1373 · Cited by 3,435
Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students
Moss-Racusin, C. A., Dovidio, J. F., Brescoll, V. L., Graham, M. J., & Handelsman, J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1211286109 · Cited by 3,150
The difference: how the power of diversity creates better groups, firms, schools, and societies
(2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-1534 · Cited by 2,280
Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability problem solvers
Hong, L., & Page, S. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0403723101 · Cited by 2,103
Kalev, A., Dobbin, F., & Kelly, E. (2006) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240607100404 · Cited by 2,052
(1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,773
The Impact of COVID-19 on Gender Equality
Alon, T., Doepke, M., Olmstead-Rumsey, J., & Tertilt, M. (2020) · doi:10.3386/w26947 · Cited by 1,706
Cross-national patterns of gender differences in mathematics: A meta-analysis.
Else-Quest, N. M., Hyde, J. S., & Linn, M. C. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0018053 · Cited by 1,630
Cited by
Using large language models in psychology
Demszky, D., Yang, D., Yeager, D. S., Bryan, C. J., Clapper, M., Chandhok, S., Eichstaedt, J. C., Hecht, C., Jamieson, J., Johnson, M., et al. (2023) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-023-00241-5 · Cited by 369
O’donohue, A. (2025) · All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace · doi:10.20991/allazimuth.1621528 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Llorens, A., Tzovara, A., Bellier, L., Bhaya-Grossman, I., Bidet-Caulet, A., Chang, W. K., Cross, Z. R., Dominguez-Faus, R., Flinker, A., Fonken, Y., Gorenstein, M. A., Holdgraf, C., Hoy, C. W., Ivanova, M. V., Jimenez, R. T., Jun, S., Kam, J. W. Y., Kidd, C., Marcelle, E., Marciano, D., Martin, S., Myers, N. E., Ojala, K., Perry, A., Pinheiro-Chagas, P., Riès, S. K., Saez, I., Skelin, I., Slama, K., Staveland, B., Bassett, D. S., Buffalo, E. A., Fairhall, A. L., Kopell, N. J., Kray, L. J., Lin, J. J., Nobre, A. C., Riley, D., Solbakk, A.-K., Wallis, J. D., Wang, X.-J., Yuval-Greenberg, S., Kastner, S., Knight, R. T., & Dronkers, N. F.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-07
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 2047-2074
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3170390204
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 188
- FWCI
- 60.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Gender bias in academia: A lifetime problem that needs solutions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.002
- The paper
- Llorens, A., Tzovara, A., Bellier, L., Bhaya-Grossman, I., Bidet-Caulet, A., Chang, W. K., Cross, Z. R., Dominguez-Faus, R., Flinker, A., Fonken, Y., Gorenstein, M. A., Holdgraf, C., Hoy, C. W., Ivanova, M. V., Jimenez, R. T., Jun, S., Kam, J. W. Y., Kidd, C., Marcelle, E., . . . Dronkers, N. F. (2021). Gender bias in academia: A lifetime problem that needs solutions. Neuron. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.002
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
