The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Analysis of face gaze in autism using “Bubbles”
Abstract
One of the components of abnormal social functioning in autism is an impaired ability to direct eye gaze onto other people's faces in social situations. Here, we investigated the relationship between gaze onto the eye and mouth regions of faces, and the visual information that was present within those regions. We used the "Bubbles" method to vary the facial information available on any given trial by revealing only small parts of the face, and measured the eye movements made as participants viewed these stimuli. Compared to ten IQ- and age-matched healthy controls, eight participants with autism showed less fixation specificity to the eyes and mouth, a greater tendency to saccade away from the eyes when information was present in those regions, and abnormal directionality of saccades. The findings provide novel detail to the abnormal way in which people with autism look at faces, an impairment that likely influences all subsequent face processing.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Typically, results indicated less fixation time on the eyes region of the face 10-13, with more variation in fixation on the mouth region; some studies found increased fixation on the mouth region of the face 12 whereas others found no differences in this regard 10,11.”
From Parsing Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Visual Scanning of Dynamic Social Scenes in School-Aged Children (2012) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Spezio et al.'s (2007) data reinforces the idea that face scanning is atypical in adults with ASD, which may have a profound influence on social functioning.”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Spezio et al. (2007)
In the citing paper
“There is evidence that individuals with ASD tend to process the eye region of faces less effectively than typical individuals (e.g.Spezio et al., 2007), and that this difficulty may arise from a tendency not to look at the eye region of faces unless specifically instructed to (Dalton et al., 2005;Pehplrey et al., 2002).”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Spezio et al., 2007
Citations
Cites
Brainard, D. H. (1997) · Spatial Vision · doi:10.1163/156856897x00357 · Cited by 20,012
The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies
Pelli, D. G. (1997) · Spatial Vision · doi:10.1163/156856897x00366 · Cited by 11,110
(1943) · The Nervous child · Cited by 8,870
Computational modelling of visual attention
Itti, L., & Koch, C. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35058500 · Cited by 4,733
Ekman, P. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,345
Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2412 · Cited by 3,670
Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809 · Cited by 2,120
Lord, C., Rutter, M., Goode, S., Heemsbergen, J., Jordan, H., Mawhood, L., & Schopler, E. (1989) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02211841 · Cited by 2,030
Assessing the significance of focal activations using their spatial extent
Friston, K. J., Worsley, K. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Mazziotta, J. C., & Evans, A. C. (1994) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460010306 · Cited by 1,907
A Parametric Texture Model Based on Joint Statistics of Complex Wavelet Coefficients
Portilla, J., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2000) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1023/a:1026553619983 · Cited by 1,806
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 205
Vida, M. D., Maurer, D. M., Calder, A. J., Rhodes, G., Walsh, J. A., Pachai, M. V., & Rutherford, M. D. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1802-2 · Cited by 20
Event-Related Potentials of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing of Emotional Faces
Moradi, A., Mehrinejad, S., Ghadiri, M., & Rezaei, F. (2017) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.15412/j.bcn.03080104 · Cited by 21
Asymmetrical use of eye information from faces following unilateral amygdala damage
Gosselin, F., Spezio, M., Tranel, D., & Adolphs, R. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq040 · Cited by 19
Self-citationClinically relevant autistic traits predict greater reliance on detail for image recognition
Alink, A., & Charest, I. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70953-8 · Cited by 19
Displaying and Regulating Different Social Response Patterns: A Computational Agent Model
Jan Treur, A. (2013) · Cognitive Computation · doi:10.1007/s12559-013-9233-0 · Cited by 18
Falkmer, M., Bjällmark, A., Larsson, M., & Falkmer, T. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.11.003 · Cited by 18
Falkmer, M., Larsson, M., Bjällmark, A., & Falkmer, T. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.01.011 · Cited by 18
Benjamin, D. P., Mastergeorge, A. M., McDuffie, A. S., Kover, S. T., Hagerman, R. J., & Abbeduto, L. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.06.021 · Cited by 17
Amestoy, A., Guillaud, É., Bouvard, M. P., & Cazalets, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00989 · Cited by 17
A Cognitive Agent Model Displaying and Regulating Different Social Response Patterns
Jan Treur, A., & Walsh, T. (2011) · VU Research Portal · doi:10.5591/978-1-57735-516-8/ijcai11-291 · Cited by 16
Yang, J., Chen, Z., Qiu, G., Li, X., Li, C., Yang, K., Chen, Z., Gao, L., & Lu, S. (2022) · Computer Speech & Language · doi:10.1016/j.csl.2022.101389 · Cited by 16
Gillespie‐Smith, K., Doherty‐Sneddon, G., Hancock, P., & Riby, D. M. (2014) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2014.943365 · Cited by 16
Song, Y., Kawabe, T., Hakoda, Y., & Du, X. (2011) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2011.09.009 · Cited by 16
Distinct neurocognitive bases for social trait judgments of faces in autism spectrum disorder
Yu, H., Cao, R., Lin, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01870-9 · Cited by 16
Comprehensive Social Trait Judgments From Faces in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Cao, R., Zhang, N., Yu, H., Webster, P. J., Paul, L. K., Li, X., Lin, C., & Wang, S. (2023) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976231192236 · Cited by 15
Developmental changes in the critical information used for facial expression processing
Ewing, L., Karmiloff‐Smith, A., Farran, E. K., & Smith, M. L. (2017) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2017.05.017 · Cited by 15
Machine learning in automated diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive review
Rezaee, K. (2025) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2025.100730 · Cited by 14
RetractedIshitobi, M., Kosaka, H., Omori, M., Matsumura, Y., Munesue, T., Mizukami, K., Shimoyama, T., Murata, T., Sadato, N., Okazawa, H., et al. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.10.005 · Cited by 15
Measuring K-degree facial interaction between robot and children with autism spectrum disorders
Pan, Y., Hirokawa, M., & Suzuki, K. (2015) · IEEE RO-MAN · doi:10.1109/roman.2015.7333683 · Cited by 14
Ewing, L., Pellicano, E., Demnitz‐King, H., Lennuyeux-Comnene, L., Farran, E. K., Karmiloff‐Smith, A., & Smith, M. L. (2018) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2018.1449846 · Cited by 13
Peripheral facial features guiding eye movements and reducing fixational variability
Han, N., Chakravarthula, P. N., & Eckstein, M. P. (2021) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.21.8.7 · Cited by 13
Physiological regulation and social-emotional processing in female carriers of the FMR1 premutation
Winston, M., Nayar, K., Hogan, A. L., Barstein, J., Valle, C. L., Sharp, K., Berry‐Kravis, E., & Losh, M. C. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112746 · Cited by 13
Wang, S., & Adolphs, R. (2016) · Cognitive science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0213-7_8 · Cited by 14
Self-citationMultimodal investigations of emotional face processing and social trait judgment of faces
Yu, H., Lin, C., Sun, S., Cao, R., Kar, K., & Wang, S. (2023) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15084 · Cited by 12
Eyetracking of social preference choices reveals normal but faster processing in autism
Gharib, A., Mier, D. U., Adolphs, R., & Shimojo, S. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.027 · Cited by 14
Self-citationAutonomic Arousal Response Habituation to Social Stimuli Among Children with Asd
Kaartinen, M., Puura, K., Himanen, S., Nevalainen, J., & Hietanen, J. K. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2908-0 · Cited by 17
A selective impairment in extracting fearful information from another's eyes in Autism
Song, Y., Hakoda, Y., & Sang, B. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1583 · Cited by 12
Convergence of physiological responses to pain during face-to-face interaction
Murata, A., Nishida, H., Watanabe, K., & Kameda, T. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-57375-x · Cited by 11
Laskowitz, S., Griffin, J. W., Geier, C. F., & Scherf, K. S. (2021) · PubMed · Cited by 10
A critical period for developing face recognition
Wang, J., Cao, R., Chakravarthula, P. N., Li, X., & Wang, S. (2023) · Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.patter.2023.100895 · Cited by 11
How Do Children and Adolescents with ASD Look at Animals? A Scoping Review
Toutain, M., Dollion, N., Henry, L., & Grandgeorge, M. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11020211 · Cited by 10
Horlin, C., Falkmer, M., Fitzgerald, P., Leung, D., Ordqvist, A., & Falkmer, T. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.09.012 · Cited by 14
Neta, M., & Dodd, M. D. (2018) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000421 · Cited by 10
The Amygdala in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Morgan, J. T., Nordahl, C. W., & Schumann, C. M. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391924-3.00021-1 · Cited by 10
Falkmer, M. (2013) · Jonkoping University Library (Jönköping University) · Cited by 10
Trustworthiness and Dominance Personality Traits’ Judgments in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Latimier, A., Kovarski, K., Peyre, H., Fernández, L. G., Gras, D., Leboyer, M., & Zalla, T. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04163-1 · Cited by 10
Reduced Pupil Oscillation During Facial Emotion Judgment in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Sun, S., Webster, P. J., Wang, Y., Yu, H., Yu, R., & Wang, S. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05478-2 · Cited by 8
Autistic traits modulate the influence of face masks on gaze perception
Williams, E. H., Thompson, N. M., McCray, G., & Chakrabarti, B. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41900-0 · Cited by 7
Falkmer, M., Black, M. H., Tang, J. S. Y., Fitzgerald, P., Girdler, S. J., Leung, D., Ordqvist, A., Tan, T., Jahan, I., & Falkmer, T. (2014) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518423.2014.928387 · Cited by 7
Atypical neural encoding of faces in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Wang, Y., Cao, R., Chakravarthula, P. N., Yu, H., & Wang, S. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae060 · Cited by 8
Emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder
Philip, R. C. M. (2009) · ERA · Cited by 6
The Early Start Denver Model: Outcomes and Moderators of an Intervention for Toddlers with Autism
Sullivan, K. A. (2013) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington) · Cited by 6
Fieldhouse, J. L. P., Singleton, E. H., van Engelen, M. E., Hooft, J. J. V. ’., de Boer, S. C. M., Froeling, V. E., Braun, M., Oudega, M. L., van Grootheest, D., Kerssens, C. J., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15837 · Cited by 7
Gualda, L. M. G., Vicente-Querol, M. Á., García, A. S., Molina, J. P., Latorre, J. M., Fernández-Sotos, P., & Fernández‐Caballero, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55774-3 · Cited by 5
Intact anger recognition in depression despite aberrant visual facial information usage
Clark, C. M., Chiu, C. G., Diaz, R. L., & Goghari, V. M. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.065 · Cited by 5
“Please Draw Me a Face…” Atypical Face Mental Concept in Autism
Meaux, E., Bakhos, D., Bonnet‐Brilhault, F., Gillet, P., Lescanne, E., Barthélémy, C., & Batty, M. (2014) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2014.511150 · Cited by 5
Emotion recognition in autism spectrum condition during the COVID-19 pandemic
Schnitzler, T., Korn, C. W., Herpertz, S. C., & Fuchs, T. A. E. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231203306 · Cited by 6
Autism in the Workplace: The Role of Disclosure in Recruitment
Giannantonio, C. M., Hurley-Hanson, A. E., & Griffiths, A. J. (2024) · Palgrave studies in equity, diversity, inclusion, and indigenization in business · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55072-0_8 · Cited by 4
Kret, M. E., Sinke, C. B. A., & de Gelder, B. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6953-8_16 · Cited by 4
The Asymmetric Distribution of Informative Face Information during Gender Recognition
Hu, F., Hu, H., Xu, L., & Qin, J. (2013) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/27.22.24.pms.116.1.106-117 · Cited by 3
An Adaptive Temporal-Causal Network Model for Enabling Learning of Social Interaction
Commu, C., Theelen, M., & Jan Treur, A. (2017) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60285-1_22 · Cited by 3
The Behavioral Presentation of Autistic Adults in a Forensic Interview
Logos, K., Lim, A., Brewer, N., & Young, R. L. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06805-z · Cited by 2
Assessing Signed Language Development in Deaf/Signing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Shield, A., Mood, D., Salamy, N., & Henner, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190885052.003.0012 · Cited by 2
Hoțoiu, M., Tavella, F., & Jan Treur, A. (2018) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92007-8_31 · Cited by 2
Modeling enabling learning of social interaction based on an adaptive temporal-causal network model
Commu, C., Theelen, M., & Jan Treur, A. (2019) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2018.05.127 · Cited by 2
Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience
Downey, G., Zaki, J., Berenson, K. R., Gur, R. C., & Brodkin, E. S. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118753378.ch26 · Cited by 2
Amaral, D. G., Rubenstein, J. L. R., & Rogers, S. J. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470515167.ch23 · Cited by 2
Emotion Recognition of Dynamic Faces in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Ostmeyer, K. F. (2012) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 2
Multimodal investigations of human face perception in neurotypical and autistic adultsPreprint
Wang, S., Sun, S., Cao, R., Kar, K., & Yu, H. (2023) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/4g872 · Cited by 2
Computational Mechanisms of Face Perception
Wang, J. (2023) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.11823 · Cited by 2
Klemme, I., Veerman, M., & Jan Treur, A. (2021) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2021.06.053 · Cited by 1
Best-Popescu, C. A. (2010) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Bayram, S., & Esgin, E. (2012) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 1
Jan Treur, A. (2016) · Understanding complex systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45213-5_9 · Cited by 1
A study of emotional facial expression recognition based on empathy ability: Using eye-tracker
김보미, 조성근, & LeeJangHan (2013) · 한국심리학회지 사회및성격 · doi:10.21193/kjspp.2013.27.1.004 · Cited by 1
Sensory and Multisensory Processing Changes and Their Contributions to Autism and Schizophrenia
Vassall, S. G., & Wallace, M. T. (2025) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2025_589 · Cited by 1
Rombough, A. (2014) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1
He, C., Chen, J., & Zhang, K. (2022) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2022.2086580 · Cited by 1
A face recognition system that simulates perception impairments of autistic children
Wu, H., Chen, W.-C., & Mayer, N. M. (2015) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2015.05.047 · Cited by 1
GAZE ESTIMATION USING SCLERA AND IRIS EXTRACTION
Periketi, P. R. (2011) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 1
The influence of face masks on emotion recognition and the role of individual differencesPreprint
McCrackin, S. D., Capozzi, F., Mayrand, F., & Ristic, J. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/dx94v · Cited by 1
Leonard, R. C. (2012) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · doi:10.25439/rmt.27332886
Påverkar autistiska personlighetsdrag förmågan att minnas ansiktsemotioner
Wadestig, C., & Fridholm, L. (2012) · Högskolan Kristianstad Publikationer
Time-based visual selection with emotional faces
Blagrove, E. (2026) · Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) · doi:10.82444/warw.33491317
Particularités visuelles dans l’autisme : apport des techniques de morphing et eye-tracking
Han, B., Tijus, C., & Nadel, J. (2015) · Enfance · doi:10.4074/s0013754515001068 · Cited by 2
Sperle, L. (2015) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Murphy, E. R. (2013) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)
Crumrine, D. (2012) · Holmes Museum Of Anthropology (Wichita State University)
Why hasn't studying perception in autism spectrum disorders helped us create a cognitive model?
Adlam, J. (2015) · PubMed
Chapter 20 The Neural Circuitry of Autism
Belger, A., Carpenter, K. L. H., Yucel, G., & Cleary, K. M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7264-3_20
The neural basis of mentalizing deficits experienced by adults with autism spectrum disorder
Cole, E. J. (2017) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Masha, N., MacInnes, J., & Johnson, E. (2019) · doi:10.22186/jyi.36.5.56-61
A Model for Hiring Individuals with Autism
Hurley-Hanson, A. E., Giannantonio, C. M., & Griffiths, A. J. (2019) · Palgrave explorations in workplace stigma · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29049-8_11
The fearful face and beyond: fMRI studies of the human amygdala
Hardee, J. E. (2009) · doi:10.33915/etd.2933
Gaze Fixation and Receptive Prosody among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Children
Isaki, M., Kanazawa, T., Hinobayashi, T., & 鎌田, 次. (2015) · International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
Casanova, M. F., Amaral, D. G., Rubenstein, J. L. R., & Rogers, S. J. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118753378.ch23
Amaral, D. G., Rubenstein, J. L. R., & Rogers, S. J. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb002052 · Cited by 1
Culture Shapes Face Processing
Blais, C., & Caldara, R. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190057695.013.16
Hutman, T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_654
Toutain, M., Paris, S., Lefranc, S., Henry, L., & Grandgeorge, M. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15050674
The Psychology of Investigative Interviewing: Factors that Impact on Interview Outcomes
Noone, G. (2025) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93205-2_3
Intact Audiovisual Spatial Integration in Autistic Children
Vassall, S. G., & Wallace, M. T. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-07124-z
Rannisto, M. (2009) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)
Mäkelä, T. E. (2010) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)
A reverse hierarchy theory of social perception
Dudarev, V., & Enns, J. T. (2026) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-025-02767-6
Danset-Alexandre, C. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/520525c0z63aaz4b1ez930cz9bda2d886a0f
Metadata
- Authors
- Spezio, M. L., Adolphs, R., Hurley, R. S. E., & Piven, J.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spezio, Michael L.
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 144-151
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078014371
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 5.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, gaze behavior, face processing, gaze, saccades, fixation, social cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autistic Disorder, Eye, Eye Movements, Face, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Male, Mouth, Photic Stimulation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Saccades, Social Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
