Assessing the significance of focal activations using their spatial extent
Abstract
Current approaches to detecting significantly activated regions of cerebral tissue use statistical parametric maps, which are thresholded to render the probability of one or more activated regions of one voxel, or larger, suitably small (e. g., 0.05). We present an approximate analysis giving the probability that one or more activated regions of a specified volume, or larger, could have occurred by chance. These results mean that detecting significant activations no longer depends on a fixed (and high) threshold, but can be effected at any (lower) threshold, in terms of the spatial extent of the activated region. The substantial improvement in sensitivity that ensues is illustrated using a power analysis and a simulated phantom activation study. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Correction for multiple comparisons was performed at the cluster level with family-wise error correction p < .05, which restricts the likelihood of false positives.
“Correction for multiple comparisons was performed at the cluster level (Friston, Worsley, Frackowiak, Mazziotta, & Evans, 1994), with clusters that survive correction for multiple corrections using a family-wise error correction ( p < .05;shown in bold font in Table 2A and B;see Results).This restricts the likelihood of false positives (Eklund et al., 2016).”
From Functional Specificity and Sex Differences in the Neural Circuits Supporting the Inhibition of Automatic Imitation (2018) · cites this paper as Friston, Worsley, Frackowiak, Mazziotta, & Evans, 1994
The exact choice of the initial cluster-forming threshold can have a large impact on the results, particularly at lower cluster-forming thresholds (e.g., t,z < 4).
“However, a limitation is the need to define the initial cluster-forming threshold. This threshold is arbitrary, and yet its exact choice can have a large impact on the results, particularly at the lower (e.g., t,z < 4) cluster- forming thresholds frequently used.”
From Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference. (2009) · cites this paper as Friston et al., 1994
The initial cluster-forming threshold in cluster-based thresholding is arbitrary.
“However, a limitation is the need to define the initial cluster-forming threshold. This threshold is arbitrary, and yet its exact choice can have a large impact on the results, particularly at the lower (e.g., t,z < 4) cluster- forming thresholds frequently used.”
From Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference. (2009) · cites this paper as Friston et al., 1994
Multiple comparisons were corrected by controlling the family-wise error rate based on the theory of Gaussian random fields.
“This approach corrects for the multiple comparisons by controlling the family-wise error rate, and is based on the theory of Gaussian random fields.”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Friston, K. J., Worsley, K. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Mazziotta, J. C., & Evans, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- McGill University (CA)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Friston, K. J.
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 210-220
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- OpenAlex
- W2169428430
- Cited by
- 1,907
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 23.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- false positive probability, power analysis
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