The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Modifying a sealed tube zinc reduction method for preparation of AMS graphite targets: Reducing background and attaining high precision
Open accessAbstract
Abstract The sealed tube zinc reduction method for converting CO2 to graphite for AMS 14C measurements was originally developed for rapid production of graphite in biomedical tracer experiments. The method was usually thought to have low precision and a high background. We have modified the zinc reduction method originally outlined in Vogel [J.S. Vogel, Radiocarbon 34 (3) (1992) 344] by carefully controlling the amounts of reagents (zinc, titanium hydride and Co or Fe catalyst) and now routinely obtain a precision of 2–3‰ and a relatively low background of ∼50,000 14C years when analyzing for 14C at the Keck Carbon Cycle AMS facility at UC Irvine. Fractionation of carbon isotopes does occur during graphitization and depends on the graphitization yield, which can be affected by the amounts of reagents used and other conditions. The δ13C of our zinc-reduced graphite is usually lighter by 2–3‰ than the CO2 from which it is made, but this is corrected for in our system by simultaneous measurement of 13C/12C along with 14C/12C by the spectrometer. This method is suitable for 14C enriched samples, as well as natural abundance 14C samples, especially those with modern 14C contents. With improved precision and background, we believe that many disciplines can benefit from this technique because of its low cost and rapid production of graphite.
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Cites
Performance of catalytically condensed carbon for use in accelerator mass spectrometry
Vogel, J. S., Southon, J. R., Nelson, D. E., & Brown, T. A. (1984) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/0168-583x(84)90529-9 · Cited by 695
Self-citationBottinga, Y. (1969) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(69)90092-1 · Cited by 679
Gaudinski, J. B., Trumbore, S. E., Davidson, E. A., & Zheng, S. (2000) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1006301010014 · Cited by 620
Self-citationThe Tropospheric 14CO2 Level in Mid-Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (1959–2003)
Levin, I., & Kromer, B. (2004) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033130 · Cited by 533
Preparation of Small Samples for 14C Accelerator Targets by Catalytic Reduction of CO
Slota, P. J., Jull, A. J. T., Linick, T. W., & Toolin, L. J. (1987) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200056988 · Cited by 508
Progress in Radiocarbon Target Preparation at the Antares AMS Centre
Hua, Q., Jacobsen, G. E., Zoppi, U., Lawson, E. M., Williams, A. A., Smith, A. M., & McGann, M. J. (2001) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s003382220003811x · Cited by 311
14C Background Levels in An Accelerator Mass Spectrometry System
Vogel, J. S., Nelson, D. E., & Southon, J. R. (1987) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200043733 · Cited by 286
Self-citationA Batch Preparation Method for Graphite Targets With Low Background for AMS 14C Measurements
Kitagawa, H., Masuzawa, T., Makamura, T., & Matsumoto, E. (1993) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200064973 · Cited by 260
Ultra small-mass AMS 14C sample preparation and analyses at KCCAMS/UCI Facility
Santos, G. M., Southon, J. R., Griffin, S., Beaupre, S. R., & Druffel, E. R. M. (2007) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.172 · Cited by 255
Self-citationRapid Production of Graphite Without Contamination for Biomedical AMS
Vogel, J. S. (1992) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200063529 · Cited by 240
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Self-citationMervine, E. M., Humphris, S. E., Sims, K. W. W., Kelemen, P. B., & Jenkins, W. J. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.11.007 · Cited by 88
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Self-citationNai, H., Zhong, J., Yi, Y., Lai, M., He, D., Dittmar, T., Liu, C.-Q., Li, S.-L., & Xu, S. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c01593 · Cited by 38
Metadata
- Authors
- Xu, X., Trumbore, S. E., Zheng, S., Southon, J. R., McDuffee, K. E., Luttgen, M., & Liu, J. C.
- Venue
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 259
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 320-329
- ISSN
- 0168-583X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046968287
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 21
- FWCI
- 11.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Xu, X., Trumbore, S. E., Zheng, S., Southon, J. R., McDuffee, K. E., Luttgen, M., & Liu, J. C. (2007). Modifying a sealed tube zinc reduction method for preparation of AMS graphite targets: Reducing background and attaining high precision. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.175
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