City adjustments as the main factor of success of urban and peri-urban farms–empirical evidence from the Ruhr metropolis
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Highlights• Identification and assessment of farm success in urbanized areas.• Web survey among farm managers in the Ruhr Metropolis (Germany).• Farms applying various adjustment strategies are more successful.• Tourism services and direct marketing are most successful.• Farm location is the key determinant for promising city-adjustments strategies.
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Proximity to an urban center constitutes a significant competitive advantage for producers.
“Proximity to an urban center constitutes a significant competitive advantage for producers, for example, by utilizing direct contact with customers, strong customer relationships, and optimized logistics [6,[32][33][34].”
From Who Reaches the Consumer? A Network Analysis of Market Reach Factors of Slovakia's Short Food Supply Chains (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
The Conclusion says proximity to customers can improve sales and strengthen relationships, but it also says urban location can be an advantage or a threat: it becomes an asset when farms use suitable strategies, chiefly tourism services and direct sales. The Discussion likewise finds success depends on both location and city-adjusted strategies. The unqualified claim that proximity is a competitive advantage overstates this conditional finding; the paper discusses customers’ travel costs rather than producers’ optimized logistics. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMarket reach is a key dimension of short food supply chain performance.
“Market reach is therefore a key dimension of SFSC performance [5][6][7].”
From Who Reaches the Consumer? A Network Analysis of Market Reach Factors of Slovakia's Short Food Supply Chains (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
The Conclusion (section 6; page unavailable) says distance from the market is significant for Ruhr farms using direct sales, and that convenient locations lead to more frequent sales. This supports the importance of customer access, but the paper assesses farm success rather than defining market reach as a dimension of short food supply chain performance generally. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLarge urban markets offer a high concentration of customers with greater purchasing power and demand for diverse, high-quality products often reflecting environmental awareness or ethical concerns.
“Large urban markets provide an environment where this goal can be effectively achieved, as they offer a high concentration of customers with greater purchasing power and a demand for diverse, high-quality products often reflecting environmental awareness or ethical concerns [5][6][7].”
From Who Reaches the Consumer? A Network Analysis of Market Reach Factors of Slovakia's Short Food Supply Chains (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
The Discussion (page unavailable) links densely populated urban markets to farm success and reports that high-quality organic production was associated with success in the surveyed farms. The paper does not establish that urban customers have greater purchasing power or that demand for diverse, high-quality products reflects environmental awareness or ethical concerns. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChannel choice reflects adaptive strategies rather than fixed structural positions.
“This supports the argument that channel choice reflects adaptive strategies rather than fixed structural positions [6].”
From Who Reaches the Consumer? A Network Analysis of Market Reach Factors of Slovakia's Short Food Supply Chains (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
Section 2.2 describes shortening distribution channels as a farm adjustment activity, and the Discussion identifies sales through short channels as an element of strategy. The paper does not establish that channel choice is independent of structural position; its conceptual framework says strategy depends on farm resources and the external environment. No page numbers were available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis result extends existing knowledge by showing that while firm size increases spatial reach, urban markets are not the sole target of expansion.
“This result extends existing knowledge by showing that while firm size increases spatial reach, urban markets are not the sole target of expansion [5,6,32].”
From Who Reaches the Consumer? A Network Analysis of Market Reach Factors of Slovakia's Short Food Supply Chains (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
The Abstract and Discussion (page numbers unavailable) report that relatively large farms can succeed without strategies aimed at urban customers. They do not establish that firm size increases spatial reach or examine which markets expansion targets. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Farms located near urban areas, when applying an appropriate strategy, have a substantially higher chance of success.
“Farms located near urban areas, when applying an appropriate strategy, have a substantially higher chance of success [5,6,28,35], and SFSC initiatives in these locations are more active [6,7].”
From Who Reaches the Consumer? A Network Analysis of Market Reach Factors of Slovakia's Short Food Supply Chains (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
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Yagi, H., & Yoshida, S. (2024) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107370 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN THE SOILS OF ABUJA, NIGERIA
Ibrahim, R., Dauda, M. S., Igwemmar, N. C., & Abdu, B. A. (2024) · FUDMA Journal of Sciences · doi:10.33003/fjs-2024-0803-2451 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Varecha, L., Jarábková, J., & Hrivnák, M. (2026) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture16060649
“This supports the argument that channel choice reflects adaptive strategies rather than fixed structural positions [6].”
InfluentialHastuti, D. R. D., & Rahim, A. (2023) · Agro Ekonomi · doi:10.22146/ae.83051
Kusse, K., & Adala, A. A. (2026) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-026-04187-5
- Authors
- Sroka, W., Pölling, B., & Mergenthaler, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Agriculture in Krakow (PL)
- South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Sroka, Wojciech
- Venue
- NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-11-01
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 1573-5214 (ISSN-L)
- 2212-1307
- OpenAlex
- W2942666275
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- public, commercial
- not-for-profit sectors
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Rural development and sustainability
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Organic Food and Agriculture
- Keywords
- urban farms, peri-urban agriculture, farm success, farm location, direct marketing, agritourism, farm managers, Ruhr Metropolis
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