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Cited by 33Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesReproductive Physiology in LivestockRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Feeding prepubescent gilts a high-fat diet induces molecular changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and predicts early timing of puberty

Zhuo, Yong, Zhou, Dongsheng, Che, Lianqiang, Fang, Zhengfeng, Lin, Yan, Wu, De·2014·Nutrition
DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2013.12.019
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Abstract

Objective The onset of puberty in females has been occurring earlier over the past decades, presumably as a result of improved nutrition in developed countries. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the early attainment of puberty as a result of nutrition fortification remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormone and gene expression changes in prepubescent gilts fed a high-fat diet to investigate whether these changes could predict the early timing of puberty.Methods Forty gilts were fed a daily basal diet (LE) or a basal diet with an additional 270 g/d or 340 g/d of fat (HE) during the prepubescent phase. Blood samples were collected during the prepubescent phase to detect hormone secretion changes in insulin-like growth factor-1, kisspeptin, estradiol, progesterone, and leptin. The gene expressions at the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis were examined on day 73 of the experiment (average age on day 177) during the prepubescent phase.Results An HE diet resulted in accelerated body weight gain and back-fat thickness at the P2 point compared with LE gilts during the prepubescent phase. Gilts that were fed HE diets attained puberty 12 d earlier than LE gilts, and a larger proportion of HE gilts reached puberty at day 180 or 190 of age. A postmortem analysis revealed a promoted development of the uterus and ovary tissue that was characterized by a 53.7% and 29.5% increase in the uterine and ovary weight, respectively, and an increased length of the uterine horn and oviduct tissue in HE gilts. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that HE gilts had higher Kiss-1, G protein-coupled receptor 54, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and estrogen receptor α mRNA expression levels in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular nucleus; the leptin receptor mRNA expression level was higher in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and ovary tissue; the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression was higher in the pituitary and ovary tissues, and the follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone mRNA expression levels were higher in the pituitary gland.Conclusion These data showed that the consumption of additional fat can facilitate early attainment of puberty, which can be predicted by the changes in secreted hormones and gene expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis.

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Authors
Zhuo, Y., Zhou, D., Che, L., Fang, Z., Lin, Y., & Wu, D.
Affiliations
Sichuan Agricultural University (CN)
Corresponding author
Wu, De
ORCID
Venue
Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-07
Volume
30
Issue
7-8
Pages
890-896
ISSN
0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.nut.2013.12.019
OpenAlex
W1990637682
Cited by
33
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2014: 1
FWCI
4.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Science Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
high-fat diet, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, kisspeptin, kisspeptin receptor, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, estrogen receptor alpha, leptin receptor, IGF-1 receptor, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, swine reproduction, gene expression, hormone secretion
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Animals, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Dietary Fats, Female, Hormones, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Organ Size, Ovary, Puberty, RNA, Messenger, Sexual Maturation, Swine, Uterus, Weight Gain, Diet, High-Fat

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