Influence of obesity on timing of puberty
Open accessAbstract
Timing of normal pubertal maturation has received increased attention over the past several years. Age of menarche showed a dramatic decrease in the first half of the 20th century in Western nations; since 1960, the decrease in age of menarche has slowed and, in some societies, has actually increased. More recently, age of onset of pubertal maturation appears to have decreased, especially in girls. Multiple studies have demonstrated that childhood levels of obesity and ponderosity are associated with earlier menarche in girls. Earlier maturation in boys, however, is associated with lower adiposity and ponderosity. Secular changes in the United States as well as around the world have noted increases in prevalence as well as extent of overweight. Factors contributing to these changes include increases in calories and fast food consumption, decreases in physical activity, and increases in television viewing. There appear to have been selective advantages to lower metabolic rate (the 'thrifty' gene hypothesis), and earlier maturation. However, changes in caloric consumption, caloric density and physical activity, combined with greater lifespan, may allow expression of the adverse consequences of these adaptations, such as the metabolic syndrome or cancers.
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A high-fat diet increases hypothalamic gnrh expression in prepubescent gilts, where this treatment also advances puberty onset, a result observed also in female mice injected with leptin and in obese girls.
“In line with this, a high-fat diet increases hypothalamic gnrh expression in prepubescent gilts (50), where this treatment also advances puberty onset, a result observed also in female mice injected with leptin and in obese girls (50–52).”
From Corazonin signaling integrates energy homeostasis and lunar phase to regulate aspects of growth and sexual maturation in <i>Platynereis</i> (2020) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- BIRO, F. M., KHOURY, P., & MORRISON, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- BIRO, FRANK M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Andrology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 272-277
- ISSN
- 0105-6263 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2605
- OpenAlex
- W2136971052
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Andrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (P021-040-L529-1095)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U01ES012770, U01 ES-12770)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- obesity, puberty onset, age at menarche, pubertal development, secular trends, childhood adiposity, sex differences, thrifty gene hypothesis, metabolic syndrome, physical activity, energy intake, television viewing, overweight
- MeSH terms
- Child, Biological Evolution, Female, Humans, Male, Menarche, Obesity, Puberty, Puberty, Precocious, Sexual Maturation, Time Factors, Body Mass Index
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