Cited by 165Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchGeriatric Care and Nursing HomesPalliative Care and End-of-Life Issues

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Determinants of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A scoping review of the evidence

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Kolanowski, Ann, Boltz, Marie, Galik, Elizabeth, Gitlin, Laura N., Kales, Helen C., Resnick, Barbara, Van Haitsma, Kimberly S., Knehans, Amy, Sutterlin, Jane E., Sefcik, Justine S., Liu, Wen, Petrovsky, Darina V., Massimo, Lauren, Gilmore-Bykovskyi, Andrea, MacAndrew, Margaret, Brewster, Glenna, Nalls, Vycki, Jao, Ying-Ling, Duffort, Naomi, Scerpella, Danny·2017·Nursing Outlook

DOI 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.06.006PMC PMC6579119

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Abstract

Background Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are prevalent in people with neurodegenerative diseases.Purpose In this scoping review the Kales, Gitlin and Lykestos framework is used to answer the question: What high quality evidence exists for the patient, caregiver and environmental determinants of five specific BPSD: aggression, agitation, apathy, depression and psychosis?Method An a priori review protocol was developed; 692 of 6013 articles retrieved in the search were deemed eligible for review. Gough's Weight of Evidence Framework and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias were used. The findings from 56 high quality/low bias articles are summarized.Discussion Each symptom had its own set of determinants, but many were common across several symptoms: neurodegeneration, type of dementia, severity of cognitive impairments, and declining functional abilities, and to a lesser extent, caregiver burden and communication.Conclusion Research and policy implications are relevant to the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease.

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Authors: Kolanowski, A., Boltz, M., Galik, E., Gitlin, L. N., Kales, H. C., Resnick, B., Van Haitsma, K. S., Knehans, A., Sutterlin, J. E., Sefcik, J. S., Liu, W., Petrovsky, D. V., Massimo, L., Gilmore-Bykovskyi, A., MacAndrew, M., Brewster, G., Nalls, V., Jao, Y.-L., Duffort, N., & Scerpella, D.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
University of Michigan (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
University of Iowa (US)
Queensland University of Technology (AU)
Corresponding author: Kolanowski, Ann
ORCID: Kolanowski, Ann
Boltz, Marie
Galik, Elizabeth
Gitlin, Laura N.
Kales, Helen C.
Resnick, Barbara
Knehans, Amy
Sefcik, Justine S.
Liu, Wen
Petrovsky, Darina V.
Massimo, Lauren
MacAndrew, Margaret
Brewster, Glenna
Jao, Ying-Ling
Scerpella, Danny
Venue: Nursing Outlook
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-09
Volume: 65
Issue: 5
Pages: 515-529
ISSN: 0029-6554 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.06.006
PMC: PMC6579119
OpenAlex: W2625547843
Cited by: 165
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 2.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Nursing Outlook (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (K99AG056054)
National Institute of Nursing Research (F32NR014777)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
Keywords: behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, dementia, aggression, agitation, apathy, depression, psychosis, risk factors, neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment severity, functional decline, caregiver burden, communication, Alzheimer's disease
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aggression, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Agitation, Psychotic Disorders, Apathy

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