Discharge Communication of Dementia-Related Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Care Management Strategies during Hospital to Skilled Nursing Facility Transitions
Open accessAbstract
Provided the complexity of managing dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), accurate communication about these symptoms at hospital discharge is critical to facilitating safe and effective transitions, particularly transitions from hospitals to skilled nursing facilities (SNF), which are often poorly managed. Skilled nursing facilities providers have cited undercommunication regarding NPS as a major challenge that contributes to poor outcomes including rehospitalization. This multisite retrospective cohort study identified omission rates for NPS and associated management strategies in discharge communication as compared to medical record documentation in the 72 hours preceding discharge among hospitalized patients with dementia. High rates of omission were found across NPS and management strategies: anxiety (94%), agitation/aggression (77%), hallucinations (85%), 1:1 supervision (90%), high fall risk (89%), use of restraints (91%). Omission rate for new or modified antipsychotic medication was 12.9%. Findings underscore the need for additional research on cross-setting communication regarding care needs of patients with dementia-who often cannot communicate these needs on their own-in facilitating high-quality transitions.
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Claims the paper makes
37 of 89 cited sources checked · 8 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
Evidence shows that people with dementia receive suboptimal care coordination.
“Despite their distinct transitional care needs and heightened vulnerability, emerging evidence documents that people with dementia receive suboptimal care coordination.13, 14”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 2 sources checked- cites [13] source
- cites [14] source
The Introduction describes potentially preventable care transitions, and the Discussion reports that some people with substantial dementia-related impairments return home without formal services. The Discussion also identifies inefficiencies in the current system and a need to improve transitions. These findings suggest gaps in care, but the paper does not directly assess whether people with dementia receive suboptimal care coordination. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
People with dementia have disproportionately high use of acute and post-acute care, including hospitalizations, emergency department visits, 30-day re-hospitalizations, repeat emergency department visits, and post-acute care entry.
“Specifically, people with dementia experience disproportionately higher rates of acute and post-acute care utilization, including hospitalizations, emergency department visits, 30-day re-hospitalization events, repeat emergency department visits, and entry into post-acute care settings.3, 15–20”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim3 of 7 sources checked- cites [3] source
The Results sections on aggregate health care use and nursing facility use report more hospitalizations and nursing facility use among older adults with dementia than among those without dementia. The Results also report a 23% 30-day rehospitalization rate for those with dementia, but do not establish that this rate was disproportionately higher than in those without dementia. The passages do not report emergency department visits or repeat emergency department visits. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [15] source
- cites [16] source
The Results (p. 1321) report that, among hospitalized older adults, those with dementia had more than sixfold higher odds of nursing-home residence six months later. That supports a higher risk of subsequent institutionalization, but the paper does not establish higher hospitalization or emergency-department use, 30-day rehospitalization, repeat emergency visits, or entry into short-term post-acute care for people with dementia. Its outcome was long-term nursing-home residence, not short-term skilled-nursing-facility placement. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [17] source
The Results (Patient Disposition and ED Return Rates; page unavailable) report higher hospital admission rates and more 30-day return ED visits among older adults with dementia than among those without dementia. The Abstract also reports more frequent ED visits. The cited paper does not establish higher rates of 30-day re-hospitalization or entry into post-acute care settings; its 30-day finding concerns ED returns, not hospital readmissions. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [18] source
- cites [19] source
- cites [20] source
- Study design and conductcitation
Pre-hospitalization dementia was identified with a validated algorithm from Taylor and colleagues.
“patients with pre-hospitalization diagnosis of dementia were identified using a validated algorithm developed by Taylor and colleagues (ICD-9 codes 331.0, 331.1, 331.2, 331.7, 290.0, 290.1, 290.10, 290.11, 290.12, 290.13, 290.20, 290.21, 290.3, 290.40, 290.41, 290.42, 290.43, 294.0, 294.1, 294.8, and 797).39”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [39] source
- Premisecitation
SNF providers identify abrupt antipsychotic withdrawal before discharge as a common problem.
“In addition, SNF providers highlight abrupt withdrawal of antipsychotics prior to discharge as a common problem.24, 28”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [28] source
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports medication discrepancies during hospital-to-SNF transfers and includes atypical antipsychotics among the drug classes considered. It does not report SNF providers identifying abrupt antipsychotic withdrawal before discharge as a common problem. Searches for antipsychotic withdrawal and discontinuation found no passage establishing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Interpretationown data
Discharge documentation in this study omitted essential information for informing safe care for persons with dementia at remarkably high rates, with many neuropsychiatric symptoms and care management strategies omitted more than 75% of the time.
“Although the written discharge summary plays a critical role in helping providers at the next site of care establish an appropriate, safe, and individualized care plan, discharge documentation within this study omitted essential information for informing safe care for persons with dementia at remarkably high rates with many NPS and care management strategies being omitted more than 75% of the time”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [43] source
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
A recent systematic review found specific communication breakdowns between hospital and SNF providers, including omission of key NPS information and management strategies such as 1:1 supervision, restraints, and antipsychotics.
“A recent systematic review identified specific areas of breakdown in communication between hospital and SNF providers, highlighting the omission of key information about NPS and related care management strategies such as use of 1:1 supervision, restraints, or antipsychotic medications.27”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [27] source
The Results (Narrative thematic analysis; page unavailable) report that SNF nurses lacked detailed information about patients’ behaviour and required supportive care, and that hospitals sometimes underreported behavioural symptoms. The review does not identify omissions about 1:1 supervision, restraints, or antipsychotic medications as specific communication breakdowns. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
Information specific to preexisting or secondary diagnoses, such as dementia, is more frequently omitted in discharge summaries.
“Similarly, information specific to preexisting or secondary diagnoses, such as dementia, are more frequently omitted in discharge summaries, potentially because providers may believe this information to already be included in the patient’s health record.50, 51”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [50] source
- cites [51] source
Results (Table 3; page not provided) show that a second discharge diagnosis appeared in 76.9% of summaries, compared with 97.9% for the primary diagnosis, supporting more frequent omission of secondary diagnoses. The paper does not establish the same pattern specifically for preexisting diagnoses such as dementia. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
That systematic review also reported that studies connected under-reporting of key management strategies with post-discharge placement concerns.
“The systematic review further reported that studies linked the under-reporting of key care management strategies to post-discharge placement concerns.27”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [27] source
In Results > Narrative thematic analysis (page unavailable), the review reports that some care-home nurses felt hospitals under-reported behavioural symptoms, leaving facilities unable to respond appropriately after transfer. It also links insufficient information to difficulties with individualised care planning and settling into the new environment. It does not specifically say that key care-management strategies were under-reported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Interpretationcitation
A lack of familiarity regarding the capabilities, needs, and practices in skilled nursing facility settings among hospital providers may underlie ongoing gaps in communication between these settings and different perceptions regarding what should be required to be communicated.
“This reflects ongoing concerns that a lack of familiarity regarding the capabilities, needs, and practices in SNF settings among hospital providers may underlie ongoing gaps in communication between these settings – and different perceptions regarding what should be required to be communicated.24, 25, 52, 54”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
Prior studies have found that hospital providers reported being completely unaware that written discharge summaries were used for and served as admitting orders for patients transitioning to skilled nursing facility settings.
“In fact, prior studies have found that hospital providers reported being completely unaware that written discharge summaries were used for and served as admitting orders for patients transitioning to SNF setting.52, 53”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [52] source
The Results (page unavailable) report that physicians in Fragmented Systems did not know how or whether the receiving physician got the discharge summary. That supports a narrower claim about uncertainty over its delivery, but the paper does not say providers were completely unaware that discharge summaries served as SNF admitting orders. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [53] source
- Findingown data
For hallucinations documented before discharge, the discharge summary omission rate was 85%.
“hallucinations (85%)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
For 1:1 supervision documented before discharge, the discharge summary omission rate was 90%.
“1:1 supervision (90%)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
For high fall risk status documented before discharge, the discharge summary omission rate was 89%.
“high fall risk (89%)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
For patients with dementia who had anxiety documented in the 72 hours before discharge, 94% of discharge summaries omitted that symptom.
“anxiety (94%)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
For agitation or aggression documented before discharge, the discharge summary omission rate was 77%.
“agitation/aggression (77%)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
For new or modified antipsychotic medication, the discharge summary omission rate was 12.9%.
“Omission rate for new or modified antipsychotic medication was 12.9%.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
For use of restraints documented before discharge, the discharge summary omission rate was 91%.
“use of restraints (91%)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The study found high omission rates across neuropsychiatric symptoms and management strategies.
“High rates of omission were found across NPS and management strategies: anxiety (94%), agitation/aggression (77%), hallucinations (85%), 1:1 supervision (90%), high fall risk (89%), use of restraints (91%).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for 1:1 supervision was 89.8%.
“Discharge communication on three of four management strategies during hospitalization was omitted at similar rates: 89.8% for 1:1 supervision, 89.1% for fall risk, and 90.9% for use of restraints (Figure 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for fall risk was 89.1%.
“Discharge communication on three of four management strategies during hospitalization was omitted at similar rates: 89.8% for 1:1 supervision, 89.1% for fall risk, and 90.9% for use of restraints (Figure 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Discharge summary communication of fall risk was present for 9.7% of patients (n=29).
“Discharge summary communication of fall risk was present for 9.7% of patients (n=29).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Antipsychotic medication use during the last 72 hours of hospitalization was recorded for 23.6% of patients (n=70).
“Antipsychotic medication use during the last 72 hours of hospitalization was recorded for 23.6%, (n=70).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Any mention of management strategies in discharge summaries was present for 13.1% of patients (n=39).
“Inclusion of information in discharge summaries regarding NPS and management strategies was relatively low across domains, with 13.8% of patients (n=41) having any mention of NPS and 13.1% of patients (n=39) any mention of management strategies communication upon discharge.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
There were no notable descriptive differences in discharge communication of neuropsychiatric symptoms and care management strategies by hip/femur fracture or stroke diagnosis.
“There were no notable descriptive differences in discharge communication of NPS and care management strategies by hip/femur fracture or stroke diagnosis.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Agitation/aggression was the most commonly documented neuropsychiatric symptom, present for 51.0% of patients (n=152).
“For NPS, clinical documentation on agitation/aggression was most common, present for 51.0% of patients (n=152).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The average frequency of documentation on neuropsychiatric symptoms remained relatively consistent in the 72 hours leading up to discharge for the 238 patients who had any clinical documentation of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
“The average frequency of documentation on NPS remained relatively consistent in the 72 hours leading up to discharge for the 238 patients who had any clinical documentation of NPS (Table 3).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
High fall risk designation was the most commonly documented management strategy, present for 89.3% of patients (n=266).
“The most commonly documented management strategy was high fall risk designation, present for 89.3% of patients (n=266).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for anxiety was 94.2%.
“Six of seven NPS examined had an omission rate higher than 75%, with 100% omission for disinhibition, 95.2% for irritability/lability, 94.2% for anxiety, 85.2% for aberrant motor behaviors, and 84.6% for hallucinations (Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Clinical documentation of any care management strategy in the last 72 hours of hospitalization was present for 91.9% of patients (n=274).
“Overall, clinical documentation of any NPS and care management strategy in the last 72 hours of hospitalization was present for the majority of the sample, with documentation on NPS present for 79.9% of patients (n=238) and care management strategies for 91.9% of patients (n=274) (Table 2, Figures 1 and 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate from the discharge summary for agitation/aggression was 77.0%.
“For agitation/aggression, the most commonly documented NPS during the 72 final hours of hospitalization, omission rates from the discharge summary were 77.0%.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for hallucinations was 84.6%.
“Six of seven NPS examined had an omission rate higher than 75%, with 100% omission for disinhibition, 95.2% for irritability/lability, 94.2% for anxiety, 85.2% for aberrant motor behaviors, and 84.6% for hallucinations (Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for aberrant motor behaviors was 85.2%.
“Six of seven NPS examined had an omission rate higher than 75%, with 100% omission for disinhibition, 95.2% for irritability/lability, 94.2% for anxiety, 85.2% for aberrant motor behaviors, and 84.6% for hallucinations (Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Any mention of neuropsychiatric symptoms in discharge summaries was present for 13.8% of patients (n=41).
“Inclusion of information in discharge summaries regarding NPS and management strategies was relatively low across domains, with 13.8% of patients (n=41) having any mention of NPS and 13.1% of patients (n=39) any mention of management strategies communication upon discharge.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for disinhibition was 100%.
“Six of seven NPS examined had an omission rate higher than 75%, with 100% omission for disinhibition, 95.2% for irritability/lability, 94.2% for anxiety, 85.2% for aberrant motor behaviors, and 84.6% for hallucinations (Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Discharge communication of antipsychotic medication use was present for approximately 20% of patients (n=61).
“For approximately 20% of patients (n=61), discharge communication of antipsychotic medication use was present.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Documentation on anxiety was present for 23.2% of patients (n=69).
“Documentation on anxiety was also common, present for 23.2% patients (n=69).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for irritability/lability was 95.2%.
“Six of seven NPS examined had an omission rate higher than 75%, with 100% omission for disinhibition, 95.2% for irritability/lability, 94.2% for anxiety, 85.2% for aberrant motor behaviors, and 84.6% for hallucinations (Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Clinical documentation of any neuropsychiatric symptom in the last 72 hours of hospitalization was present for 79.9% of patients (n=238).
“Overall, clinical documentation of any NPS and care management strategy in the last 72 hours of hospitalization was present for the majority of the sample, with documentation on NPS present for 79.9% of patients (n=238) and care management strategies for 91.9% of patients (n=274) (Table 2, Figures 1 and 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Discharge summary communication on anxiety was present for 4 patients (1.3%).
“Specifically, discharge summary communication on agitation/aggression was present for 35 (11.7%) patients and anxiety for 4 (1.3%) patients, with less frequently communicated NPS.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for discharge communication of depression was 40.0%.
“Omission of discharge communication of depression was comparatively low at 40.0%.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Discharge summary communication on agitation/aggression was present for 35 patients (11.7%).
“Specifically, discharge summary communication on agitation/aggression was present for 35 (11.7%) patients and anxiety for 4 (1.3%) patients, with less frequently communicated NPS.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Six of seven neuropsychiatric symptoms examined had an omission rate higher than 75%.
“Six of seven NPS examined had an omission rate higher than 75%, with 100% omission for disinhibition, 95.2% for irritability/lability, 94.2% for anxiety, 85.2% for aberrant motor behaviors, and 84.6% for hallucinations (Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for antipsychotic medication use was 12.9%.
“In contrast, omission rates for antipsychotic medication use were comparatively low at 12.9%.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The omission rate for use of restraints was 90.9%.
“Discharge communication on three of four management strategies during hospitalization was omitted at similar rates: 89.8% for 1:1 supervision, 89.1% for fall risk, and 90.9% for use of restraints (Figure 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Patients with dementia face heightened vulnerability during transitions because their ability to advocate for care and compensate for communication gaps is reduced.
“People with dementia are particularly vulnerable during these periods of transition, partly due to their diminished ability to advocate for their care needs and compensate for gaps in communication during transitions.1, 2”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Frequent acute and post-acute care use among people with dementia is viewed as reflecting over-reliance on reactive management, since many transitions are unplanned and potentially avoidable.
“Collectively, frequent acute and post-acute care utilization among persons with dementia is considered to reflect an over-reliance on reactive management strategies, as many of these transitions are unplanned and potentially avoidable.23”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [23] source
- Interpretationcitation
Any omission of communication of a new or modified antipsychotic medication is potentially clinically significant given the high-risk nature of antipsychotic medication for patients with dementia, compounded by vulnerability during care transitions and high risk for medication discrepancies.
“Similarly, any omission of communication of a new or modified antipsychotic medication is potentially clinically significant given the high-risk nature of antipsychotic medication for patients with dementia, compounded by the vulnerability patients with dementia experience during care transitions and high risk for medication discrepancies.9, 10, 24, 28”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [10] source
- cites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Most discharge summaries are authored by physicians or, in some situations, by another prescribing provider.
“First, most discharge summaries are authored by physicians – or in some situations by another prescribing provider.31”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
SNF clinicians and non-licensed staff depend heavily on the written discharge summary as their main source of patient information.
“SNF clinicians–often nurses who are responsible for managing the transition of patients from the hospital and developing and communicating plans of care to allied health providers–and non-licensed staff alike rely heavily on the written discharge summary as the primary source for relevant patient information to adequately care for the patient.24”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
One recent study found that family members or caregivers played a primary role in re-hospitalization decisions in up to 20% of transitions for patients with dementia.
“A recent study found that in up to 20% of transitions, family members and caregivers played a primary role in decisions to re-hospitalizations for patients with dementia.35”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [35]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationcitation
The findings of this multi-site retrospective cohort study are consistent with prior qualitative reports that information about neuropsychiatric symptoms and associated management strategies is under-communicated at hospital discharge.
“Findings from this multi-site retrospective cohort study are consistent with prior qualitative reports documenting clinician and family member perceptions that information about NPS and associated management strategies are under-communicated at the point of hospital discharge.24”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationnone given
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate and quantitatively document neuropsychiatric symptoms and related dementia care information during hospital to skilled nursing facility transitions.
“To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate and quantitatively document NPS and related dementia care information during hospital to SNF transitions, a highly vulnerable point in the care continuum.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Thorough and accurate discharge communication is especially important for SNF patients because they may not see a physician for up to 30 days after discharge.
“Accurate, thorough discharge communication is particularly important for SNF patients as they are not required to be seen by a physician for up to 30 days post discharge.32”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [32] source
- Premisecitation
When NPS and management strategy communication is present, SNF providers say discharge communication is often inaccurate, conflicting, or missing important details.
“In cases where communication on NPS and care management strategies is present, SNF providers have cited that discharge communication is often inaccurate, conflicting or missing key details.24”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationown data
In this study, omissions in reporting neuropsychiatric symptom care management strategies experienced by patients with dementia in the last 72 hours of hospitalization were frequent in the discharge summary, a critical tool for managing care in subsequent care settings.
“In this study omissions in reporting NPS care management strategies experienced by patients with dementia in the last 72 hours of hospitalization were frequent in the discharge summary, a critical tool for managing care in subsequent care settings.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Skilled nursing facilities have been reported to refuse admission to patients who have recently required intensive care management strategies and antipsychotics, limiting hospital providers' ability to rely on skilled nursing facilities as a necessary safety net.
“Additionally, SNFs have been reported to refuse admission to patients who have recently required intensive care management strategies and antipsychotics, limiting hospital providers’ ability to rely on SNFs as a necessary “safety net.”53”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [53] source
- Study design and conductreasoning
Despite the use of trained medical record abstractors who reviewed clinical documentation for indications of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a manner consistent with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, absent prospective data collection there is a risk for bias toward under capturing neuropsychiatric symptom events, as neuropsychiatric symptoms documented in the electronic health record may constitute be
“Despite the use of trained medical record abstractors who reviewed clinical documentation for indications of NPS in a manner consistent with the NPI, absent prospective data collection there is a risk for bias toward under capturing NPS events, as NPS that are documented in the EHR may constitute be more severe or disruptive symptoms.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Prior transitional care interventions focused on transitions from hospital to home environments for cognitively vulnerable older adults that emphasize activation of informal caregiving networks have demonstrated significant reductions in medication discrepancies and re-hospitalization events.
“Prior transitional care interventions focused on transitions from hospital to home environments for cognitively vulnerable older adults that emphasize activation of informal caregiving networks have demonstrated significant reductions in medication discrepancies and re-hospitalization events.59, 60”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [60] source
- Interpretationown data
Discharge communication practices during hospital to skilled nursing facility transitions are not reflective of or built around the priorities and needs of persons with dementia, their family members, or clinicians orchestrating entry into the next setting of care.
“Findings from this study suggest that discharge communication practices during hospital to SNF transitions are not reflective of or built around the priorities and needs of persons with dementia, their family members, or clinicians orchestrating entry into the next setting of care and should be a priority area for future research.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Recent reports indicate that interoperability and Health Information Exchange via electronic health records between acute and post-acute care settings remains limited.
“While no studies have evaluated the impact of these policies on dementia-specific discharge communication components, recent reports indicate that interoperability and Health Information Exchange via EHRs between acute and post-acute care settings remains limited.68, 70, 71”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [70]
- cites [71]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Even when Health Information Exchange is available during hospital to post-acute care transfers, it is underutilized.
“Even when Health Information Exchange is available during hospital to post-acute care transfers it is underutilized.72”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [72] source
- May combine two claims. 32
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 23
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationNeuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia frequently complicate transitions, and acute illness or hospitalization can worsen them by removing familiar surroundings and routines.
“Dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) often complicate these transition events, as they are often exacerbated during acute illness and hospitalization due to the loss of familiar environments and routines.5–7”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 3 sources checked- cites [5] source
- cites [6] source
The sections on acute medical conditions and environmental triggers say that illness, changes in routine, and changes in physical or social surroundings can contribute to behavioral symptoms. The paper also associates these symptoms with hospital admissions, but the passages do not establish that hospitalization or transition events frequently worsen symptoms by removing familiar surroundings and routines. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [7] source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationNPS are common and persistent non-cognitive dementia symptoms, generally understood to arise from personal, caregiving, and environmental factors.
“Common and persistent non-cognitive symptoms in dementia, NPS are broadly understood to have personal, caregiving, and environmental determinants.8”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [8] source
The Introduction describes behavioral and psychological symptoms as affecting the vast majority of people with dementia, and the review examines patient, caregiver, and environmental determinants. But persistence is established for particular symptoms, including agitation and aggression, rather than for NPS generally; the Findings summary calls agitation a common and persistent symptom unlike other neuropsychiatric symptoms. The blanket description of NPS as persistent therefore overstates the source. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationOther common responses to disruptive or aggressive NPS include 1:1 observation and sometimes physical restraints, even though guidelines discourage physical restraint use.
“Other commonly used strategies in response to disruptive or aggressive NPS include direct 1:1 observation and in some cases physical restraints despite extensive guidelines disincentivizing the use of physical restraints.11, 12”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [11] source
- cites [12] source
The Background (page not available) says physical restraints are commonly used in hospitals and that agitation and challenging behaviour can lead staff to use them. It does not establish that direct 1:1 observation is commonly used in response to disruptive or aggressive symptoms. It discusses a ‘least restraints’ policy and cites guidance, but does not state that extensive guidelines discourage restraint use. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationHospital-to-SNF transitions are especially common among patients with dementia, since many already lived in a SNF and dementia raises the likelihood of discharge to a SNF compared with cognitively intact patients.
“For patients with dementia, transitions into a Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) after hospitalization are particularly common given many are residing in a SNF prior to hospitalization (more than half of SNF patients have dementia) and compared to cognitively unimpaired persons, patients with dementia are more likely to be discharged to a SNF following hospitalization.3, 4”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim2 of 2 sources checked- cites [3] source
The Results (transition probabilities and compound transitions; page not provided) document frequent hospital-to-nursing-facility transfers among patients with dementia. The Introduction says a majority of nursing-facility residents have dementia, but also says most patients with dementia live in the community. The paper shows greater overall nursing-facility use among patients with dementia, not a direct comparison of post-hospital discharge to a nursing facility with cognitively unimpaired patients; it does not establish that many patients with dementia already lived in a facility before hospitalization. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [4] source
The Abstract (page unavailable) reports that 64% of Medicare beneficiaries living in nursing homes have Alzheimer’s disease or a related dementia, supporting the ‘more than half’ point for that population. It does not establish that many hospitalized patients with dementia lived in a SNF before admission or that they are more likely than cognitively unimpaired patients to be discharged to one. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductcitationAbstraction followed standardized procedures using manuals and tools, with training and guidance based on prior work.
“Abstraction procedures were performed in a standardized manner using abstraction manuals and tools with training and guidance for medical record review based on prior work.40, 41”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim2 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationSNF providers report difficulty admitting dementia patients who need antipsychotics and say they routinely receive incomplete medication histories about inpatient antipsychotic use.
“Of particular note, SNF providers report challenges admitting persons with dementia requiring antipsychotics to manage NPS and describe routinely receiving incomplete medication histories regarding antipsychotic utilization during hospitalization.24, 28”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [28] source
The Medication Discrepancies section reports frequent mismatches in medication records at SNF admission, including discrepancies involving neuropsychiatric drugs; the Discussion lists atypical antipsychotics in that drug class. The paper does not report SNF providers describing difficulty admitting people with dementia or routinely receiving incomplete histories specifically about antipsychotic use during hospitalization. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
InterpretationcitationCommunication around new or modified use of antipsychotic medications during hospitalization may provide subsequent caregivers with critical knowledge on therapeutic benefits, or lack thereof, which can inform later care management strategies.
“Additionally, communication around new or modified use of antipsychotic medications during hospitalization may provide subsequent caregivers with critical knowledge on the therapeutic benefits, or lack thereof, for the patient with dementia which can inform later care management strategies.30, 45”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPeople with dementia are more likely to suffer adverse events such as falls, delirium, faster cognitive decline, and permanent institutionalization.
“People with dementia are also more likely to experience other adverse events because of these acute care and post-acute utilization patterns, including falls, delirium, hastened cognitive decline and permanent institutionalization.19, 21, 22”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked- cites [19] source
- cites [21] source
- cites [22] source
The Falls section says people with dementia have more incident falls than age-matched controls. The Hospitalizations section lists delirium and falls as frequent reasons for admission and reports higher rates of institutionalization after discharge. It does not establish hastened cognitive decline or permanent institutionalization, or show that acute and post-acute care utilization causes all the listed events; no page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAccurate, thorough discharge summary communication is critical for SNF staff managing dementia transitions and is an important information source for family members.
“Not only is accurate and thorough discharge summary communication critical for SNF staff to adequately manage transitions for people with dementia, but it is an important source of information for family members.26”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [26] source
The Results section, “Communication between staff and families at discharge” (page unavailable), reports that insufficient communication with services about patients’ needs and inadequate information for carers could compromise post-discharge care. It does not specifically discuss discharge summaries or communication with skilled nursing facility (SNF) staff, so those details are not supported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationThe written discharge summary plays a critical role in helping providers at the next site of care establish an appropriate, safe, and individualized care plan.
“Although the written discharge summary plays a critical role in helping providers at the next site of care establish an appropriate, safe, and individualized care plan, discharge documentation within this study omitted essential information for informing safe care for persons with dementia at remarkably high rates with many NPS and care management strategies being omitted more than 75% of the time”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [43] source
The Methods (page unavailable) describe using claims to track discharge destinations and subsequent care settings, not written discharge summaries. Searches for discharge summaries, information transfer, and care plans found no passage in our copy stating that summaries help receiving providers establish safe, individualized care plans. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationFamily members are key decision-makers in SNF transitions, but they may lack the detailed, accurate hospital-stay knowledge needed to make informed decisions.
“Family members are integral stakeholders in decision-making surrounding transitions into SNF settings; however they may be unable to make informed decisions without detailed, accurate knowledge of the patient’s hospital stay.33, 34”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [33] source
Results §§3.24 and 3.26 (page unavailable) describe family members making placement decisions under pressure, with limited communication and information about care options and the transition process. They do not say that families lack detailed, accurate knowledge of the patient’s hospital stay specifically. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationHip/femur fracture and stroke were chosen because they account for many SNF admissions and carry high risk of adverse outcomes.
“These conditions were selected as they constitute a high proportion of SNF admissions and are at high risk for adverse outcomes.36–38”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked- cites [36] source
- cites [37] source
- cites [38] source
The Results > Unexpected Adverse Events section (page unavailable) reports serious adverse events among stroke survivors after inpatient rehabilitation, supporting the adverse-outcome rationale for stroke. The paper does not establish that stroke or hip/femur fracture accounts for a high proportion of SNF admissions, or assess adverse-outcome risk among patients admitted for hip/femur fracture. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationRecent provider-perspective studies and a caregiver review identify poor transfer of NPS information as a major cause of poorly coordinated transitions and of stress and critical events like avoidable death or re-hospitalization.
“Recent studies detailing the perspectives of hospital and SNF providers and a review examining perspectives of family caregivers identify inadequate transfer of information regarding NPS as a major factor in poorly orchestrated transitions and contributor to unnecessary patient, caregiver and staff stress, as well as critical events such as avoidable death or re-hospitalization.24–26”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked- cites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [25] source
- cites [26] source
The Results sections on communication and preparation for discharge describe inadequate information-sharing, poorly coordinated planning, and carer distress. The section on coping post discharge also reports readmissions associated with carers’ inability to cope, including with problematic behavior. The review does not identify inadequate transfer of NPS information specifically as a major cause of these outcomes, or link it to staff stress or avoidable death. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationNeuropsychiatric symptoms are both common and persistent in moderate to advanced disease stages.
“However, evidence suggests that NPS are both common and persistent in moderate to advanced disease stages.6, 55”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationSeveral evidence-based transitional care models have excluded older adults with cognitive impairment in their initial testing, and thus their impact on care specific to persons with dementia remains unclear.
“However, it is also important to note that several evidence-based transitional care models have excluded older adults with cognitive impairment in their initial testing, and thus their impact on care specific to persons with dementia remains unclear.66”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationBoth the Transitional Care Model and the Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers program have been shown to improve transitional care outcomes for various older adult populations.
“Though TCM and INTERACT® target different points in the care continuum, both programs have been shown to improve transitional care outcomes for various older adult populations.62–65”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 4 sources checked- cites [62] source
- cites [63] source
- cites [64] source
- cites [65] source
The Results report reduced hospitalization rates among skilled nursing facilities that increased INTERACT use, supporting the INTERACT portion of the claim. But the paper also reports no differential reduction between intervention and control facilities in that group; it establishes an association, not that INTERACT itself improved outcomes. This citation does not need to support the Transitional Care Model portion, which may be covered by the other citations. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationIndividuals with dementia are generally over-represented among those using long-term care, and consequently the findings may reflect a dementia population with more advanced disease.
“However, it is likely that individuals with dementia are generally over-represented among those using long-term care, and consequentially findings may reflect a dementia population with more advanced disease.16”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [16] source
The Results report that a dementia diagnosis was associated with more than sixfold higher odds of nursing-home residence six months after hospitalization, supporting an association between dementia and long-term care use in the studied older adults. The paper does not establish that people with dementia are generally over-represented across long-term care settings, and it does not assess whether residents with dementia have more advanced disease. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationApproaches have been developed to streamline integration of updated clinical data from other clinical disciplines into the discharge summary using algorithms built into the electronic health record.
“In response, approaches have been developed to streamline integration of updated clinical data from other clinical disciplines into the discharge summary using algorithms built into the electronic health record.49”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [49] source
The Pre-implementation section describes an EHR discharge-summary template with auto-populated elements, supporting the general idea of streamlining information entry. It does not say that built-in algorithms integrate updated clinical data from other clinical disciplines into the summary. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationcitationProviders may believe that information about preexisting or secondary diagnoses is already included in the patient's health record.
“Similarly, information specific to preexisting or secondary diagnoses, such as dementia, are more frequently omitted in discharge summaries, potentially because providers may believe this information to already be included in the patient’s health record.50, 51”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [50] source
- cites [51] source
The Results (Table 3; page unavailable) show that a second diagnosis appeared in 76.9% of discharge summaries, compared with 97.9% for the primary diagnosis, supporting the point that secondary diagnoses were omitted more often. The paper does not say that providers omitted them because they believed the information was already in the patient’s health record; that proposed explanation is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationBehavioral symptoms in particular are under-recognized and under-documented throughout hospitalization, meaning that any strategy designed to improve inter-setting communication may also need to necessitate improvements in recognition of condition-specific neuropsychiatric symptoms and management strategies in the acute care setting.
“However, a major consideration regarding practical implementation of these approaches is the fact that behavioral symptoms in particular are under-recognized and under-documented throughout hospitalization, meaning that any strategy designed to improve inter-setting communication may also need to necessitate improvements in recognition of condition-specific neuropsychiatric symptoms and management”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [61] source
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataAcross patients with hip/femur fracture and stroke, documentation on neuropsychiatric symptoms was relatively consistent, though patients with hip/femur fracture had more documentation on anxiety and agitation/aggression while patients with stroke had more documentation on irritability/lability.
“Across patients with hip/femur fracture and stroke, documentation on NPS was relatively consistent, though patients with hip/femur fracture had more documentation on anxiety and agitation/aggression while patients with a stroke had more documentation on irritability/lability (Table 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataAcross patients with hip/femur fracture and stroke, care management strategies were documented in relatively proportionate numbers, though patients with hip/femur fracture had more documentation indicating use of 1:1 supervision.
“Across patients with hip/femur fracture and stroke, care management strategies were documented in relatively proportionate number, though patients with hip/femur fracture had more documentation indicating use of 1:1 supervision (Table 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataInterrater reliability was assessed on a random 10% sample using Cohen's kappa, and disagreements were resolved by a third team member.
“Interrater reliability and agreement assessment were evaluated for a randomly selected 10% of all patient records using Cohen’s κ, with disagreements on specific extraction and categorization of clinical documentation resolved by a third team member.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.
PremisereasoningBecause identifying individual NPS and their causes is difficult, telling the next care setting about specific NPS and current management strategies is essential for high-quality care coordination in this population.
“Because efforts to prevent negative sequelae that accompany NPS are often hindered by difficulty identifying individual NPS and their underlying causes, alerting the next setting of care to specific NPS and existing management strategies is a critical component of high quality care coordination for this population.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataThe final analytic sample was 298 patients for NPS, fall risk, restraints, and 1:1 supervision, and 296 for antipsychotics because two patients lacked medication administration record data.
“This yielded a final analytic sample of 298 patients for evaluation of NPS, fall risk, restraints and 1:1 supervision, and 296 for evaluation of antipsychotic medications as 2 patients had missing medication administration record data in their EHR.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataAcross all abstracted variables, overall agreement was 95% and the average Cohen's kappa was 0.89.
“Across all abstracted variables, overall percent agreement was 95%, and the Cohen’s κ average was 0.89.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown dataDischarge to SNF was verified by a SNF claim within two days of hospital discharge.
“Discharge to SNF settings was identified by evaluating documented discharge disposition which is mandatorily recorded by hospital staff and was verified by presence of a SNF claim within 2 days of hospital discharge.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationHospital management of NPS often uses chemical restraints, mainly antipsychotics, which carry an FDA Black Box warning for dementia because of higher risks of cerebrovascular events and death.
“Management of NPS in hospital settings often includes the use of chemical restraints, primarily antipsychotic medications, which have received a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Black Box warning for their use among persons with dementia attributable to increased risk for cerebrovascular events and death.9, 10”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [10] source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductcitationIdentification of NPS in abstraction materials was guided by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.
“Guidance on identifying NPS within clinical documentation contained within abstraction manuals and tools was informed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.42”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [42] source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenAll abstractors received detailed training with manuals and tools, including supervised piloting of standardized record-access and abstraction methods.
“All abstractors received detailed training with abstraction manuals and tools, which included demonstrated and supervised piloting of standardized methods for accessing medical records and abstracting study variables.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPoor communication or omission of NPS and management strategy information may substantially hinder nursing facilities from creating safe, individualized, person-centered care plans and may raise re-hospitalization risk.
“Under-communication and omission of information about NPS and care management strategies may significantly limit the nursing facilities’ ability to develop a safe, individualized, person-centered care plan and subsequently increase risk for re-hospitalization.24, 25”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [25] source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationWritten discharge summaries are used for admitting orders and remain the only mandated communication between providers after hospitalization in the United States.
“Written discharge summaries are relied on for admitting orders in this context as they have historically been, and continue to be, the only mandated form of communication between providers following hospitalization in the United States.31”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationreasoningAuthoring providers may not consider clinical data elements generated by other disciplines as important for inclusion in the discharge summary.
“Authoring providers may not consider these data elements as important for inclusion in the discharge summary.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataOmission rates were computed at the patient level and only for patients who had clinical documentation of the specific symptom or management strategy.
“Omission rates were only calculated for patients who had clinical documentation for a particular symptom or care management strategy and were calculated at a patient level.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationreasoningThe high rate of omission could reflect several practice patterns and issues related to structured requirements within written discharge summaries.
“The high rate of omission could reflect several practice patterns and issues related to structured requirements within written discharge summaries.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationThe omission rates are significant because behavioral care needs are challenging to prepare for, and lack of preparation can have serious safety implications for persons with dementia who may be at high risk for adverse events such as falling or elopement, and even re-hospitalization.
“Altogether, these omission rates are significant as behavioral care needs are challenging to prepare for, and a lack of preparation can have serious safety implications for persons with dementia who may be at high risk for adverse events such as falling or elopement, and even re-hospitalization.24”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Rests on an assumption: Behavioral care needs are challenging to prepare for.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductreasoningThe study adopted a conservative, event-centered count of NPS documentation rather than counting mentions, to avoid bias from a less sensitive approximation.
“This approach was adopted to provide a conservative and event-centered estimate of NPS documentation frequency, rather than for example counting the number of times descriptors such as “agitation” are mentioned which would serve as a less sensitive approximation for NPS events and introduce additional bias.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductnone givenFour medical record abstractors with bachelor's or master's degrees and nursing or medical training independently extracted NPS and management strategy data from each patient's EHR.
“Four medical record abstractors, with Bachelor’s and Master’s-level degrees and concurrent or prior training in nursing and medicine, independently reviewed and extracted data on NPS and care management strategies from each patient’s EHR.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataAlthough the study ascertained that 30% of patients received nursing home care in the year leading up to their index hospitalization and were thus likely newly eligible for skilled nursing facility benefits in continuation of pre-existing long-term care, it was unable to confirm long versus short-term designation via longitudinal skilled nursing facility claims data.
“Additionally, although we were able to ascertain that 30% of patients received nursing home care in the year leading up to their index hospitalization and were thus likely newly eligible for SNF benefits in continuation of pre-existing long-term care, we were unable to confirm long vs short-term designation via longitudinal SNF claims data.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
Study design and conductnone givenThere may be other patient factors, like comorbid psychiatric conditions or delirium, that impact occurrence and communication of neuropsychiatric symptoms and care management strategies that are not controlled for in calculating rates of omission.
“There may be other patient factors, like comorbid psychiatric conditions or delirium, that impact occurrence and communication of NPS and care management strategies that are not controlled for in calculating rates of omission.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenThis study examined discharge communication in a limited sample of patients from two hospital settings from the years 2003-2009.
“This study has limitations, particularly given it examined discharge communication in a limited sample of patients from two hospital settings from the years 2003–2009.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
InterpretationreasoningThese study findings lend support to the need for additional evaluation of the contribution of poor discharge communication to negative post-acute outcomes and events.
“Provided the extensive reports of substantial disparities, bounce-backs, and stressful transitions that persons with dementia experience after hospitalization, these study findings lend support to the need for additional evaluation of the contribution of poor discharge communication to negative post-acute outcomes and events.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
InterpretationreasoningBecause information about neuropsychiatric symptoms or management strategies is not a mandated component of written discharge summaries, authoring providers may not consider or think to include it in written discharge communication.
“It is also possible that, because information about NPS or management strategies are not mandated components of written discharge summaries, authoring providers may not consider or think to include them in written discharge communication.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductreasoningThis study evaluated omissions of information in discharge communication as compared to clinical documentation in the electronic health record, and as such, likely under-documents the true prevalence of dementia-specific symptoms.
“This study evaluated omissions of information in discharge communication as compared to clinical documentation in the EHR, and as such, likely under-documents the true prevalence of dementia-specific symptoms.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningProviders may differentially document and communicate information regarding care management strategies in order to avoid discharge delays and increase the likelihood of placement in a skilled nursing facility.
“As such, providers may differentially document and communicate information regarding care management strategies in order to avoid discharge delays and increase likelihood of placement in a SNF.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
InterpretationreasoningThese approaches could be integrated into communication during hospital to skilled nursing facility transitions for patients with dementia.
“These approaches could be integrated into communication during hospital to SNF transitions for patients with dementia.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationA likely concern in moving towards more comprehensive discharge communication is increased documentation burden and potential inaccuracy in information communicated under the current model of authoring discharge summaries, which often relies on one provider to author the discharge communication.
“In moving towards more comprehensive discharge communication, a likely concern is increased documentation burden and potential inaccuracy in information communicated under the current model of authoring discharge summaries, which often relies on one provider to author the discharge communication.31”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe decision to discharge older adults to a skilled nursing facility setting is often made without a standardized system or framework and is often used as a safety net for older adults.
“Prior research also highlights that the decision to discharge older adults to a SNF setting is often made without a standardized system or framework, and is often used as a “safety net” for older adults.53”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [53] source
The paper relies on this without support.
Management of NPS during acute and post-acute illness had not been examined before this study.
“Despite the importance of NPS management for patients with dementia, their management surrounding acute and post-acute illness has not been previously examined.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The extent and type of written discharge communication about NPS and management strategies had not been studied outside qualitative reports.
“While inadequate and inaccurate written discharge communication has been cited as exacerbating existing poor communication surrounding transitions into SNFs for patients with dementia, the type and extent of written discharge communication regarding NPS and care management strategies has not been previously examined outside of qualitative reports.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Behavioral care needs are challenging to prepare for.
“Altogether, these omission rates are significant as behavioral care needs are challenging to prepare for, and a lack of preparation can have serious safety implications for persons with dementia who may be at high risk for adverse events such as falling or elopement, and even re-hospitalization.24”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
When communication was poor, whether inconsistent, delayed, or overly technical, caregivers frequently felt isolated, overwhelmed, and excluded from decision making.
“When communication was poor, whether inconsistent, delayed, or overly technical, caregivers frequently felt isolated, overwhelmed, and excluded from decision making (Freedman et al., 2022; Gilmore-Bykovskyi et al., 2021; Holton et al., 2023).”
From Mind the gap: a systematic review of barriers, facilitators, and experiences of care transitions for people living with dementia and their informal caregivers. (2026) · cites this paper as Gilmore-Bykovskyi et al., 2021
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes inaccurate or conflicting discharge information and links inadequate information transfer to caregiver stress. The Discussion (page unavailable) says communication practices do not reflect families’ needs and calls for greater caregiver engagement. The paper does not report that caregivers frequently felt isolated, overwhelmed, or excluded from decisions, or identify delayed or overly technical communication as causes. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredInadequate support for the facility selection process, especially regarding respite care, frequently led to exhaustion and guilt.
“Inadequate support for this process, especially regarding respite care, frequently led to exhaustion and guilt (Gilmore-Bykovskyi et al., 2021; Wright et al., 2024).”
From Mind the gap: a systematic review of barriers, facilitators, and experiences of care transitions for people living with dementia and their informal caregivers. (2026) · cites this paper as Gilmore-Bykovskyi et al., 2021
The Discussion (page unavailable) discusses decisions to discharge older adults to skilled nursing facilities without a standardized framework, while the Introduction links poor information transfer to caregiver stress. Neither passage addresses support for selecting a facility or respite care, or says that inadequate support frequently led to exhaustion and guilt. Searches for respite care, exhaustion, guilt, and facility selection found no passage establishing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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“However, evidence suggests that NPS are both common and persistent in moderate to advanced disease stages.(6,55) Hence, there may also be a lack of continuity in understanding prior functioning and symptomatology that may subsequently hinder hospital providers’ true understanding of symptom history and thus communicat…”
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“People with dementia are particularly vulnerable during these periods of transition, partly due to their diminished ability to advocate for their care needs and compensate for gaps in communication during transitions.(1,2) For patients with dementia, transitions into a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after hospitalizat…”
BackgroundAssociation of Incident Dementia With Hospitalizations
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“People with dementia are also more likely to experience other adverse events because of these acute care and post-acute utilization patterns, including falls, delirium, hastened cognitive decline, and permanent institutionalization.(19,21,22) Collectively, frequent acute and post-acute care utilization among persons w…”
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“There is growing interest in centering clinical improvement efforts on the priorities and needs of persons with dementia and their family caregivers.(56,57) The report from the first National Research Summit on Care, Services, and Supports for Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers calls specifically for more inte…”
BackgroundThe Accuracy of Medicare Claims as an Epidemiological Tool: The Case of Dementia Revisited
Taylor, Jr., Østbye, T., Langa, K. M., Weir, D., & Plassman, B. L. (2009) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2009-1099 · Cited by 354 · cited 1× · see citing works
“8, and 797).(39) This yielded a final analytic sample of 298 patients for evaluation of NPS, fall risk, restraints and 1:1 supervision, and 296 for evaluation of antipsychotic medications as 2 patients had missing medication administration record data in their electronic health records (EHR).”
BackgroundAntipsychotic use in dementia: a systematic review of benefits and risks from meta-analyses
Tampi, R. R., Tampi, D. J., Balachandran, S., & Srinivasan, S. (2016) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/2040622316658463 · Cited by 267 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additionally, communication around new or modified use of antipsychotic medications during hospitalization may provide subsequent caregivers with critical knowledge on the therapeutic benefits, or lack thereof, for the patient with dementia which can inform later care management strategies.(30,45) Minimally, discharge…”
BackgroundTransitions in Care for Older Adults with and without Dementia
Callahan, C. M., Arling, G., Tu, W., Rosenman, M. B., Counsell, S. R., Stump, T. E., & Hendrie, H. C. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03905.x · Cited by 253 · cited 2× · see citing works
“For patients with dementia, transitions into a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after hospitalization are particularly common given many are residing in a SNF prior to hospitalization (more than half of SNF patients have dementia) and compared to cognitively unimpaired persons, patients with dementia are more likely to…”
BackgroundInfluentialEmergency Department Use Among Older Adults With Dementia
LaMantia, M. A., Stump, T. E., Messina, F. C., Miller, D. K., & Callahan, C. M. (2016) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000118 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
King, B. J., Gilmore‐Bykovskyi, A. L., Roiland, R. A., Polnaszek, B. E., Bowers, B. J., & Kind, A. J. H. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12328 · Cited by 210 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This reflects ongoing concerns that a lack of familiarity regarding the capabilities, needs, and practices in SNF settings among hospital providers may underlie ongoing gaps in communication between these settings—and different perceptions regarding what should be required to be communicated.(24,25,52,54) In the absen…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAmjad, H., Carmichael, D., Austin, A. M., Chang, C.-H., & Bynum, J. P. W. (2016) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3553 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Feng, Z., Coots, L. A., Kaganova, Y., & Wiener, J. M. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1179 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Determinants of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A scoping review of the evidence
Kolanowski, A., Boltz, M., Galik, E., Gitlin, L. N., Kales, H. C., Resnick, B., Van Haitsma, K. S., Knehans, A., Sutterlin, J. E., Sefcik, J. S., et al. (2017) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.06.006 · Cited by 165 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Common and persistent noncognitive symptoms in dementia, NPS are broadly understood to have personal, caregiving, and environmental determinants.(8) Examples of NPS include agitation, aggression, care resistance, wandering, and apathy.”
BackgroundSelf-citationWhitlatch, C. J., & Orsulic‐Jeras, S. (2017) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnx162 · Cited by 161 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There is growing interest in centering clinical improvement efforts on the priorities and needs of persons with dementia and their family caregivers.(56,57) The report from the first National Research Summit on Care, Services, and Supports for Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers calls specifically for more inte…”
BackgroundSmith, M., Gerdner, L. A., Hall, G. R., & Buckwalter, K. C. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52473.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Advances in Patient Safety: New Directions and Alternative Approaches (Vol. 2: Culture and Redesign)
Henriksen, K., Battles, J. B., Keyes, M. A., & Grady, M. L. (2008) · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Lin, P., Fillit, H. M., Cohen, J. T., & Neumann, P. J. (2013) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.11.002 · Cited by 142 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Collectively, frequent acute and post-acute care utilization among persons with dementia is considered to reflect an overreliance on reactive management strategies, as many of these transitions are unplanned and potentially avoidable.(23) Despite the importance of NPS management for patients with dementia, their manag…”
BackgroundNewnham, H., Barker, A., Ritchie, E., Hitchcock, K., Gibbs, H., & Holton, S. (2017) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzx121 · Cited by 127 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Minimally, discharge summaries should accurately document and communicate a patient’s diagnostic findings, hospital management, and planned follow-up to the post-hospital care team.(46,47) These steps are critical to preventing rehospitalization events for people with dementia.”
BackgroundRisk of Continued Institutionalization After Hospitalization in Older Adults
Goodwin, J. S., Howrey, B., Zhang, D. D., & Kuo, Y.-F. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr171 · Cited by 116 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, it is likely that individuals with dementia are generally overrepresented among those using long-term care, and consequentially findings may reflect a dementia population with more advanced disease.(16) There may be other patient factors, like comorbid psychiatric conditions or delirium, that impact occurrenc…”
BackgroundAntipsychotic Use in Dementia: Is There a Problem and Are There Solutions?
Kirkham, J., Sherman, C., Velkers, C., Maxwell, C., Gill, S., Rochon, P., & Seitz, D. (2017) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716673321 · Cited by 113 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Additionally, communication around new or modified use of antipsychotic medications during hospitalization may provide subsequent caregivers with critical knowledge on the therapeutic benefits, or lack thereof, for the patient with dementia which can inform later care management strategies.(30,45) Minimally, discharge…”
BackgroundDetection and documentation of dementia and delirium in acute geriatric wards
Laurila, J. V., Pitkala, K. H., Strandberg, T. E., & Tilvis, R. S. (2004) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2003.08.003 · Cited by 111 · cited 1× · see citing works
“People with dementia are also more likely to experience other adverse events because of these acute care and post-acute utilization patterns, including falls, delirium, hastened cognitive decline, and permanent institutionalization.(19,21,22) Collectively, frequent acute and post-acute care utilization among persons w…”
BackgroundRantz, M. J., Popejoy, L., Vogelsmeier, A., Galambos, C., Alexander, G., Flesner, M., Crecelius, C., Ge, B., & Petroski, G. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.027 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s Disease And Nursing Homes
Gaugler, J. E., Yu, F., Davila, H. W., & Shippee, T. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1268 · Cited by 110 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For patients with dementia, transitions into a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after hospitalization are particularly common given many are residing in a SNF prior to hospitalization (more than half of SNF patients have dementia) and compared to cognitively unimpaired persons, patients with dementia are more likely to…”
BackgroundInfluentialMedication Discrepancies upon Hospital to Skilled Nursing Facility Transitions
Tjia, J., Bonner, A., Briesacher, B. A., McGee, S., Terrill, E., & Miller, K. (2009) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0948-2 · Cited by 109 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Of particular note, SNF providers report challenges admitting persons with dementia requiring antipsychotics to manage NPS and describe routinely receiving incomplete medication histories regarding antipsychotic utilization during hospitalization.(24,28) In addition, SNF providers highlight abrupt withdrawal of antips…”
BackgroundCallen, J. L., Alderton, M., & McIntosh, J. (2008) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2007.12.002 · Cited by 109 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Similarly, information specific to preexisting or secondary diagnoses, such as dementia, are more frequently omitted in discharge summaries, potentially because providers may believe this information to already be included in the patient’s health record.(50,51) It is also possible that, because information about NPS o…”
BackgroundTransitions in Care in a Nationally Representative Sample of Older Americans with Dementia
Callahan, C. M., Tu, W., Unroe, K. T., LaMantia, M. A., Stump, T. E., & Clark, D. O. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13540 · Cited by 107 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Despite their distinct transitional care needs and heightened vulnerability, emerging evidence documents that people with dementia receive suboptimal care coordination.(13,14) The consequences of suboptimal care are reflected by substantial disparities in the use of acute and post-acute care.”
BackgroundInformation Transfer at Hospital Discharge: A Systematic Review
Kattel, S. B., Manning, D. M., Erwin, P. J., Wood, H., Kashiwagi, D. T., & Murad, M. H. (2016) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000248 · Cited by 107 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Notably, the Joint Commission has not updated guidelines regarding content or timeliness of written discharge summaries, and several studies indicate that inclusion of even mandated discharge summary components remains low postACA and ARRA absent targeted intervention.(51,73) This study evaluated omissions of informat…”
BackgroundComprehensive quality of discharge summaries at an academic medical center
Horwitz, L. I., Jenq, G. Y., Brewster, U. C., Chen, C., Kanade, S., Van Ness, P. H., Araujo, K. L. B., Ziaeian, B., Moriarty, J. P., Fogerty, R. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.2021 · Cited by 86 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Notably, the Joint Commission has not updated guidelines regarding content or timeliness of written discharge summaries, and several studies indicate that inclusion of even mandated discharge summary components remains low postACA and ARRA absent targeted intervention.(51,73) This study evaluated omissions of informat…”
BackgroundFortinsky, R. H., & Downs, M. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1304 · Cited by 82 · cited 2× · see citing works
“People living with dementia experience frequent transitions between and within settings of health care.(1) People with dementia are particularly vulnerable during these periods of transition, partly due to their diminished ability to advocate for their care needs and compensate for gaps in communication during transit…”
BackgroundAssessing neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia: a systematic review of measures
Gitlin, L. N., Marx, K. A., Stanley, I. H., Hansen, B. R., & Van Haitsma, K. S. (2014) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610214001537 · Cited by 82 · cited 1× · see citing works
“documentation practices of NPS in general acute care practice, recent research indicates that that formal assessment and documentation of dementia symptoms is limited.(61,74) With prospective data collection to confirm and validate presence and role of other conditions and specific features of neuropsychiatric symptom…”
BackgroundHow Hospital Clinicians Select Patients for Skilled Nursing Facilities
Burke, R. E., Lawrence, E., Ladebue, A., Ayele, R., Lippmann, B., Cumbler, E., Allyn, R., & Jones, J. (2017) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14954 · Cited by 76 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Prior research also highlights that the decision to discharge older adults to a SNF setting is often made without a standardized system or framework, and is often used as a “safety net” for older adults.(53) Additionally, SNFs have been reported to refuse admission to patients who have recently required intensive care…”
BackgroundA patient-centered longitudinal care plan: vision versus reality
Dykes, P. C., Samal, L., Donahue, M., Greenberg, J. O., Hurley, A. C., Hasan, O., O'Malley, T. A., Venkatesh, A. K., Volk, L. A., & Bates, D. W. (2014) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2013-002454 · Cited by 75 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, ultimately addressing improved continuity for persons with dementia may require more longitudinal plans of care and transition documents that travel with patients across settings and are less fragmented and siloed within specific institutions.(48) To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate and q…”
BackgroundKind, A. J. H., Smith, M. A., Liou, J., Pandhi, N., Frytak, J. R., & Finch, M. D. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01693.x · Cited by 65 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although the written discharge summary plays a critical role in helping providers at the next site of care establish an appropriate, safe, and individualized care plan, discharge documentation within this study omitted essential information for informing safe care for persons with dementia at remarkably high rates wit…”
BackgroundPolnaszek, B., Gilmore-Bykovskyi, A., Hovanes, M., Roiland, R., Ferguson, P., Brown, R., & Kind, A. J. H. (2016) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000000108 · Cited by 63 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Abstraction procedures were performed in a standardized manner using abstraction manuals and tools with training and guidance for medical record review based on prior work.(40,41) Guidance on identifying NPS within clinical documentation contained within abstraction manuals and tools was informed by the Neuropsychiatr…”
MethodSelf-citationKind, A. J. H., Brenny‐Fitzpatrick, M., Leahy‐Gross, K., Mirr, J., Chapman, E., Frey, B., & Houlahan, B. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13935 · Cited by 59 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Prior transitional care interventions focused on transitions from hospital to home environments for cognitively vulnerable older adults that emphasize activation of informal caregiving networks have demonstrated significant reductions in medication discrepancies and rehospitalization events.(59,60) However, these appr…”
BackgroundSelf-citationGilmore-Bykovskyi, A. L., Roberts, T. J., King, B. J., Kennelty, K. A., & Kind, A. J. H. (2017) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnw085 · Cited by 56 · cited 9× · see citing works
“In cases where communication on NPS and care management strategies is present, SNF providers have cited that discharge communication is often inaccurate, conflicting or missing key details.(24) Of particular note, SNF providers report challenges admitting persons with dementia requiring antipsychotics to manage NPS an…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationDementia and Risk of 30‐Day Readmission in Older Adults After Discharge from Acute Care Hospitals
Sakata, N., Okumura, Y., Fushimi, K., Nakanishi, M., & Ogawa, A. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15282 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Disruption, control and coping: responses of and to the person with dementia in hospital
POROCK, D., CLISSETT, P., HARWOOD, R. H., & GLADMAN, J. R. F. (2015) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x13000561 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Huckfeldt, P. J., Kane, R. L., Yang, Z., Engstrom, G., Tappen, R., Rojido, C., Newman, D., Reyes, B., & Ouslander, J. G. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15476 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Transitional care programs: who is left behind? A systematic review
Piraino, E., Heckman, G. A., Glenny, C., & Stolee, P. (2012) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.805 · Cited by 52 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, it is also important to note that several evidence-based transitional care models have excluded older adults with cognitive impairment in their initial testing, and thus their impact on care specific to persons with dementia remains unclear.(66) Additional research is needed to clarify whether broader adoptio…”
BackgroundImpact of prescribed medications on patient safety in older people
Anathhanam, S., Powis, R. A., Cracknell, A. L., & Robson, J. (2012) · Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety · doi:10.1177/2042098612443848 · Cited by 49 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Comprehensive medication reconciliation and management post-discharge is particularly important among older adults who are at greater risk for mediation-related adverse events.(44) Additionally, communication around new or modified use of antipsychotic medications during hospitalization may provide subsequent caregive…”
BackgroundEffect of Physical Restraint Reduction on Older Patients’ Hospital Length of Stay
Kwok, T., Bai, X., Chui, M. Y. P., Lai, C. K. Y., Ho, D. W. H., Ho, F. K. Y., & Woo, J. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.05.019 · Cited by 45 · cited 1× · see citing works
“extensive guidelines disincentivizing the use of physical restraints.(11,12) Because efforts to prevent negative sequelae that accompany NPS are often hindered by difficulty identifying individual NPS and their underlying causes, alerting the next setting of care to specific NPS and existing management strategies is a…”
BackgroundKamermayer, A. K., Leasure, A. R., & Anderson, L. (2017) · Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1097/dcc.0000000000000266 · Cited by 42 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Even when Health Information Exchange is available during hospital to post-acute care transfers it is underutilized.(72) Absent further evaluation of discharge communication completeness and accuracy, it remains unknown whether these policies have had a spillover effect on discharge communication practices broadly, an…”
BackgroundHow well are the diagnosis and symptoms of dementia recorded in older patients admitted to hospital?
Crowther, G. J. E., Bennett, M. I., & Holmes, J. D. (2016) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afw169 · Cited by 41 · cited 2× · see citing works
“documentation practices of NPS in general acute care practice, recent research indicates that that formal assessment and documentation of dementia symptoms is limited.(61,74) With prospective data collection to confirm and validate presence and role of other conditions and specific features of neuropsychiatric symptom…”
BackgroundAbraham, J., Hirt, J., Richter, C., Köpke, S., Meyer, G., & Mohler, R. A. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012476.pub2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Roles and Responsibilities of Attending Physicians in Skilled Nursing Facilities
Dimant, J. (2003) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/s1525-8610(04)70355-2 · Cited by 40 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Accurate, thorough discharge communication is particularly important for SNF patients as they are not required to be seen by a physician for up to 30 days post discharge.(32) Not only is accurate and thorough discharge summary communication critical for SNF staff to adequately manage transitions for people with dement…”
BackgroundKind, A., Thorpe, C. T., Sattin, J. A., Walz, S. E., & Smith, M. A. (2011) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1860-0 · Cited by 39 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This reflects ongoing concerns that a lack of familiarity regarding the capabilities, needs, and practices in SNF settings among hospital providers may underlie ongoing gaps in communication between these settings—and different perceptions regarding what should be required to be communicated.(24,25,52,54) In the absen…”
BackgroundThe Effects of Antipsychotic Quality Reporting on Antipsychotic and Psychoactive Medication Use
Bowblis, J. R., Lucas, J. A., & Brunt, C. S. (2015) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12281 · Cited by 38 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Given attention to antipsychotic use among residents with dementia as a quality indicator in SNF settings, its consideration as a type of care management strategy is particularly relevant.(29,30) Undercommunication and omission of information about NPS and care management strategies may significantly limit the nursing…”
BackgroundDean, S. M., Gilmore-Bykovskyi, A., Buchanan, J., Ehlenfeldt, B., & Kind, A. J. H. (2016) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/s1553-7250(16)30107-6 · Cited by 37 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Prior work has considered the potential consequences of limited inclusion of clinical data generated by other disciplines (ie, nursing, physical therapy) in the discharge summary.(49) Authoring providers may not consider these data elements as important for inclusion in the discharge summary.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationLeggett, A. N., Polenick, C. A., Maust, D. T., & Kales, H. C. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnx202 · Cited by 35 · cited 1× · see citing works
“People with dementia are also more likely to experience other adverse events because of these acute care and post-acute utilization patterns, including falls, delirium, hastened cognitive decline, and permanent institutionalization.(19,21,22) Collectively, frequent acute and post-acute care utilization among persons w…”
BackgroundRichardson, A., Blenkinsopp, A., Downs, M., & Lord, K. (2019) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1220-1 · Cited by 25 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A recent systematic review identified specific areas of breakdown in communication between hospital and SNF providers, highlighting the omission of key information about NPS and related care management strategies such as use of 1:1 supervision, restraints, or antipsychotic medications.(27) The systematic review furthe…”
BackgroundMockford, C. (2015) · Journal of Healthcare Leadership · doi:10.2147/jhl.s70020 · Cited by 24 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Not only is accurate and thorough discharge summary communication critical for SNF staff to adequately manage transitions for people with dementia but it is also an important source of information for family members.(26) Family members are integral stakeholders in decision-making surrounding transitions into SNF setti…”
BackgroundPerspective of Family Members of Transitions to Alternative Levels of Care in Anglo-Saxon Countries
Merla, C., Wickson-Griffiths, A., Kaasalainen, S., Dal Bello-Haas, V., Banfield, L., Hadjistavropoulos, T., & Di Sante, E. (2018) · Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · doi:10.1155/2018/4892438 · Cited by 20 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Family members are integral stakeholders in decision-making surrounding transitions into SNF settings; however they may be unable to make informed decisions without detailed, accurate knowledge of the patient’s hospital stay.(33,34) A recent study found that in up to 20% of transitions, family members and caregivers p…”
Background(2019) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ostwald, S. K., Godwin, K. M., Ye, F., & Cron, S. G. (2013) · Rehabilitation Nursing · doi:10.1002/rnj.87 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Development and Implementation of the Coordinated-Transitional Care (C-TraC) Program.
Gilmore‐Bykovskyi, A. L., Jensen, L. L., & Kind, A. J. H. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationHoverman, C., Shugarman, L. R., Saliba, D., & Buntin, M. B. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01824.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
King, B. J., Gilmore-Bykovskyi, A. L., Roberts, T. J., Kennelty, K. A., Mirr, J. F., Gehring, M. B., Dattalo, M. N., & Kind, A. J. H. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnx012 · Cited by 12 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This reflects ongoing concerns that a lack of familiarity regarding the capabilities, needs, and practices in SNF settings among hospital providers may underlie ongoing gaps in communication between these settings—and different perceptions regarding what should be required to be communicated.(24,25,52,54) In the absen…”
BackgroundSelf-citationRoles and Responsibilities of Attending Physicians in Skilled Nursing Facilities
Dimant, J. (2003) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1097/01.jam.0000075915.15039.b1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Gilmore-Bykovskyi, A. L., Block, L., Hovanes, M., Mirr, J., & Kolanowski, A. (2019) · Research in Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/19404921-20190122-01 · Cited by 11 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Abstraction procedures were performed in a standardized manner using abstraction manuals and tools with training and guidance for medical record review based on prior work.(40,41) Guidance on identifying NPS within clinical documentation contained within abstraction manuals and tools was informed by the Neuropsychiatr…”
MethodSelf-citationPreventability of Hospital Readmissions From Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Consumer Perspective
Jacobsen, J. M. L., Schnelle, J. F., Saraf, A. A., et al. (2016) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnw132 · Cited by 11 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A recent study found that in up to 20% of transitions, family members and caregivers played a primary role in decisions to rehospitalizations for patients with dementia.(35) In these situations, premature discharge, unresolved clinical issues, poor discharge planning, and perception of poor SNF care or medication mana…”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
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- Gilmore-Bykovskyi AL, 2017, Gerontologist, 57, 867
- Gibson MJ, 2012, Family Caregiving and Transitional Care: A Critical Review
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- Dean SM, 2016, Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 42
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- Gitlin LN, 2018, Report to the National Advisory Council on Alzheimer’s Research, Care, and Services
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adler‐Milstein, J., Raphael, K., O’Malley, T. A., & Cross, D. A. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33980 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Anantapong, K., Jiraphan, A., Aunjitsakul, W., Sathaporn, K., Werachattawan, N., Teetharatkul, T., Wiwattanaworaset, P., Davies, N., & Sampson, E. L. (2025) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afaf013 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“BPSD increased the likelihood of institu-tionalisation after discharge [35, 56], but we found evidence of poor discharge communication between acute hospitals and care facilities, including the omission of information about BPSD occurrence and care plans [32].”
Xiong, B., Bailey, D. X., Prudon, P., Pascoe, E. M., Gray, L., Graham, F. A., Henderson, A. J., & Martin‐Khan, M. (2023) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.11.001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“More than half of the quantitative studies (8/14) did not meet the evaluation criteria (Table 3) [43,44,46,47,50,51,53,54].”
BackgroundGreene, L., Brain, J., Watkins, P., Kafadar, A. H., Sabatini, S., Blundell, B., Bothe, E., Harper, K., Hersh, D., Morrisby, C., et al. (2026) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaf275 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Block, L., Hovanes, M., & Gilmore‐Bykovskyi, A. L. (2022) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.04.010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationPost-Acute Care Rehabilitation for Persons Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review
Semelka, C., Freeman, V., Williamson, J., & Frechman, E. (2024) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105189 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Advancing the Science of Person-Centered Care: Commentary on Kales et al Paper
Kolanowski, A. M. (2020) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.09.001
Holmes, S., Kuzucan, A., Brandt, N., Briesacher, B. A., Desai, A. K., Feng, Z., Fleming, S., Johnson, A. M., Olopoenia, A., Qato, D. M., et al. (2022) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2022.2103098
“Neuropsychiatric symptoms can be exacerbated during acute illness or hospitalization and may lead to the use of antipsychotic (AP) or other psychopharmacological medications (Gilmore-Bykovskyi et al., 2021).”
BackgroundDesmarais, P., Bolduc, A., Bergeron, A., Desforges, K., Gauthier, S., Décary, J., Patry, M.-C., Kergoat, M., & Workgroup., T. B. I. A. C. (2025) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2025.2550358
Rached, I. H., & Kloos, V.-F. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-04117-2
“Gilmore-Bykovskyi et al. [53] found in their multi-site retrospective cohort study that discharge reports from somatic hospitals rarely systematically address psychological symptoms such as aggression, anxiety, risk of falling and their treatment.”
Communicating the risk of psychiatric in-patient or enhanced community care in dementia
Swirska, M., London, S., Wolverson, E., & Underwood, B. R. (2026) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2026.11011
Andreassen, M., Törnqvist, T., & Österholm, J. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07637-x
“Previous research highlights interprofessional communication across care-providing agencies as a critical issue, showing that limited coordination and inadequate documentation compromise discharges and increase the risk of adverse outcomes [21–23].”
Alfardan, S., Varghese, S., Abdulaziz, H., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.111817
- Authors
- Gilmore-Bykovskyi, A. L., Hovanes, M., Mirr, J., & Block, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2020-08-19
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 378-388
- ISSN
- 0891-9887 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5708
- PMC
- PMC7892639
- OpenAlex
- W3052705857
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K76AG060005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Hospital Admissions and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Keywords
- dementia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, hospital discharge communication, skilled nursing facilities, antipsychotic drugs, restraint, fall risk, agitation, hallucinations, anxiety, hospital readmission, clinical documentation
- MeSH terms
- Communication, Dementia, Hospitals, Humans, Patient Discharge, Patient Transfer, Retrospective Studies, Skilled Nursing Facilities
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