Personality and all cause mortality: Evidence for indirect links
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Conscientiousness appears to be a protective factor and neuroticism a risk factor, although neuroticism is occasionally associated with reduced risk.
“Conscientiousness appears to a protective factor and neuroticism, a risk factor, although neuroticism is occasionally associated with reduced risk (13-15).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [15]
In individuals of high SES, high neuroticism may be protective.
“In individuals of high SES, however, high neuroticism may actually be protective, perhaps helping to explain sporadic associations of neuroticism with lower mortality appearing in the literature (13-15).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [15]
Cites
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1972) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x · Cited by 39,793 · see citing works
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1992) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_37 · Cited by 26,297 · see citing works
(1988) · NFER-Nelson eBooks · Cited by 5,560 · see citing works
Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors
Doll, R., Peto, R., Boreham, J., & Sutherland, I. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.ae · Cited by 2,920 · see citing works
Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors
Doll, R., Peto, R., Wheatley, K., Gray, R., & Sutherland, I. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.901 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
Kendler, K. S., Kuhn, J., & Prescott, C. A. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.4.631 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Hostility, Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, and Mortality
Shekelle, R. B., Gale, M., Ostfeld, A. M., & Paul, O. (1983) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198305000-00003 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Weiss, A., & Costa, P. T. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000181272.58103.18 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Everson, S. A., Kauhanen, J., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Julkunen, J., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009245 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Shipley, B. A., Weiss, A., Der, G., Taylor, M. D., & Deary, I. J. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31815abf83 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Anxiety, Depression, and Cause-Specific Mortality: The HUNT Study
Mykletun, A., Bjerkeset, O. A., Dewey, M. E., Prince, M. J., Øverland, S. N., & Stewart, R. J. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31803cb862 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Korten, A. E., Jorm, A. F., Jiao, Z., Letenneur, L., Jacomb, P. A., Henderson, A. S., Christensen, H., & Rodgers, B. (1999) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.53.2.83 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
An improved short questionnaire for the measurement of extraversion and neuroticism
Eysenck, S. B. G., & Eysenck, H. J. (1964) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(64)90125-0 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Mortality in a Defined Population of Older Persons
Wilson, R. S., Krueger, K. R., Gu, L., Bienias, J. L., de Leon, C. F. M., & Evans, D. A. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000190615.20656.83 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Symptoms of psychological distress predict 7-year mortality
Huppert, F. A., & Whittington, J. E. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700037569 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The health and lifestyle survey : seven years on
Cox, B. D., Huppert, F. A., & Whichelow, M. J. (1993) · Dartmouth eBooks · Cited by 141 · see citing works
psychological distress and premature mortality in the general Population: a prospective study
Robinson, K. L., McBeth, J., & Macfarlane, G. J. (2004) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.11.007 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Personality antecedents of alcoholism in a national area probability sample
Cloninger, C. R., Sigvardsson, S., Przybeck, T. R., & Švrakić, D. M. (1995) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02191803 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The protective role of trait anxiety: a longitudinal cohort study
LEE, W. E., WADSWORTH, M. E. J., & HOTOPF, M. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705006847 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Anxiety, extraversion and smoking
McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., & Bossé, R. (1978) · British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00277.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Do personality characteristics predict longevity? Findings from the Tokyo Centenarian Study
Masui, Y., Gondo, Y., Inagaki, H., & Hirose, N. (2006) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-006-9024-6 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Ebrahim, S., & Kalache, A. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Neeleman, J., Bijl, R. V., & Ormel, J. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703001193 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Psychological Distress and Mortality: Are Women More Vulnerable?
Ferraro, K. F., & Nuriddin, T. A. (2006) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650604700303 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Extroversion and Neuroticism and the Associated Risk of Cancer: A Danish Cohort Study
Schapiro, I. R. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.8.757 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Marugame, T., Yamamoto, S., Yoshimi, I., Sobue, T., Inoue, M., Tsugane, S., & for the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwk112 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Does personality predict mortality? Results from the GAZEL French prospective cohort study
Nabi, H., Kivimaki, M., Zins, M., Elovainio, M., Consoli, S. M., Cordier, S., Ducimetiere, P., Goldberg, M., & Singh-Manoux, A. (2008) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyn013 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Psychological Distress as a Risk Factor for Stroke-Related Mortality
Carney, R. M., & Freedland, K. E. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.33.1.5 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The Path Analysis Approach for the Multivariate Analysis of Infant Mortality Data
Vasconcelos, A. G. G., de Almeida, R. M. V. R., & Nobre, F. F. (1998) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00213-5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 30 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chapman, B. P., Roberts, B., & Duberstein, P. (2011) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.4061/2011/759170 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
“This is relevant to longevity because early Extraversion scales loaded with impulsive content predicted greater all-cause mortality risk over 21 years in a large UK cohort [80] (see also [81]).”
BackgroundPersonality and stressor-related affect.
Leger, K. A., Charles, S. T., Turiano, N. A., & Almeida, D. M. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000083 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Does personality affect health-related quality of life?A systematic review
Huang, I.-C., Lee, J. L., Ketheeswaran, P., Jones, C. M., Revicki, D. A., & Wu, A. W. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173806 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Personality and the leading behavioral contributors of mortality.
Turiano, N. A., Chapman, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., & Mroczek, D. K. (2015) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000038 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Personality Change Predicts Self‐Reported Mental and Physical H ealth
Magee, C., Heaven, P. C. L., & Miller, L. M. (2012) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00802.x · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Does Personality Affect Risk for Dementia? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Low, L., Harrison, F., & Lackersteen, S. M. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.08.004 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
When Is Higher Neuroticism Protective Against Death? Findings From UK Biobank
Galé, C. R., Čukić, I., Batty, G. D., McIntosh, A. M., Weiß, A., & Deary, I. J. (2017) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797617709813 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Conscientiousness and longevity: An examination of possible mediators.
Hill, P. L., Turiano, N. A., Hurd, M. D., Mroczek, D. K., & Roberts, B. W. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023859 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The interpersonally sensitive disposition and health: An integrative review.
Marin, T. J., & Miller, G. E. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0030800 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Ferguson, E., & Bibby, P. A. (2012) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02055.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hagger‐Johnson, G., Sabia, S., Nabi, H., Brunner, E. J., Mika Kivimaki, B., Shipley, M. J., & Singh‐Manoux, A. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.05.007 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The power of personality in successful ageing: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies
Pocnet, C., Popp, J., & Jopp, D. S. (2020) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-020-00575-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Personality and Differences in Health and Longevity
Kern, M. L., & Friedman, H. S. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444343120.ch17 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Is Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Longevity? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis
Turiano, N. A., Graham, E. K., Weston, S. J., Booth, T., Harrison, F., James, B. D., Lewis, N. A., Makkar, S. R., Mueller, S., Wisniewski, K. M., et al. (2020) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.268 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Elliot, A. J., Turiano, N. A., & Chapman, B. P. (2017) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9847-z · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Wright, A. J., Weston, S. J., Norton, S. A., Voss, M., Bogdan, R., Oltmanns, T. F., & Jackson, J. J. (2022) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0001162 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Genetic Influences on Life Span and Its Relationship to Personality
Mosing, M. A., Medland, S. E., McRae, A. F., Landers, J. G., Wright, M. J., & Martin, N. G. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3182385784 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Conscientiousness and Smoking: Do Cultural Context and Gender Matter?
Lee, C., Gao, M., & Ryff, C. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01593 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Neuroticism and Cardiovascular Response in Women: Evidence of Effects on Blood Pressure Recovery
Hutchinson, J. G., & Ruiz, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00679.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Turiano, N. A., Hill, P. L., Roberts, B. W., Spiro, A., & Mroczek, D. K. (2012) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.08.009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
O’Súilleabháin, P. S., & Hughes, B. M. (2018) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.04.013 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Trumbetta, S. L., Seltzer, B. K., Gottesman, I. I., & McIntyre, K. M. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181bfd7d8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
McCann, S. J. H. (2014) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244014538268 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Harrison, F., & Craddock, A. E. (2015) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2015.1062524 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Neuroticism facets and mortality risk in adulthood: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Butler, M., Turiano, N. A., Buckley, L., McGeehan, M., & O’Súilleabháin, P. S. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111500 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Who wants to change their personality and what do they want to change?
Allan, J. A., Leeson, P., & Martin, L. S. (2014) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2014.9.1.8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sleep: A pathway linking personality to mortality risk
Spears, S. K., Montgomery‐Downs, H. E., Steinman, S. A., Duggan, K. A., & Turiano, N. A. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.04.007 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Health processes in personality
Turiano, N. A., Belanger, N. M. S., Damitz, R. L., Hill, P. L., & Mroczek, D. K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813995-0.00049-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
In the midst of a pandemic, more introverted individuals may have a mortality advantage
Glei, D. A., & Weinstein, M. (2022) · Dialogues in Health · doi:10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100087 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Thomas, C. V., & de Castro, E. K. (2012) · Psicologia Saúde & Doenças · doi:10.15309/12psd130108 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Weiß, A., Galé, C. R., Čukić, I., Batty, G. D., McIntosh, A. M., & Deary, I. J. (2019) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797619833325 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lukaszewski, A. W. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1071 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Weiß, A., Costa, P. T., Deary, I. J., Garside, D. B., & Stamler, J. (2019) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000421 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Li, Y., Liu, H., & Liu, H. (2025) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-025-10112-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lundin, A., Stoetzer, U., Modig, K., Carlsson, A. C., Wändell, P. E., & Theobald, H. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mecanismos de relación entre la personalidad y los procesos de salud-enfermedad
Benítez, M. J. (2015) · Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia · doi:10.17533/udea.rp.25269 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Personality traits and clinical/biochemical course in the first year after kidney transplant
Thomas, C. V., de Castro, E. K., & Antonello, I. C. F. (2016) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2016.1216712 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Musek, J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55308-0_7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
McCann, S. J. H. (2025) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053241306564 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lukaszewski, A. W. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1071-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bacakoğlu, Y. G., & Demirtaş, V. Y. (2024) · Batı anadolu eğitim bilimleri dergisi · doi:10.51460/baebd.1579972 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stoetzer, U., & Lundin, A. (2014) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78309-9
Ebstein, R. P., Jiang, Y., Zhang, X., & Chew, S. H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0933-0_6
da Fonseca, R. N., Tilbery, C. P., & Bruscato, W. L. (2021) · European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.19
Allan, J. A., Leeson, P., Fruyt, F. D., & Martin, L. S. (2014) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2014.9.2.212
Demİrcan, N., & Yazıcı‐Kabadayı, S. (2024) · Batı anadolu eğitim bilimleri dergisi · doi:10.51460/baebd.1499096
ÖZER, E., & YILMAZ, N. (2026) · Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi · doi:10.21076/vizyoner.1673397
- Authors
- Ploubidis, G. B., & Grundy, E.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ploubidis, George B.
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 203-208
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026135519
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- personality traits, all-cause mortality, extraversion, neuroticism, mediation, psychological distress, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical health, longevity, sex differences, Health and Lifestyle Survey
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
