Measuring implemental delay in procrastination: separating onset and sustained goal striving.
Open accessAbstract
Scales measuring procrastination focus on different aspects of unnecessary and unwanted delay, delay in task implementation – an increased gap between intention and action – being a core characteristic. However, an inspection of existing procrastination scales reveals that the scales do not distinguish between two facets of implemental delay, onset delay, and delay related to sustained goal striving. We trace this failure to an imprecise understanding of “delay,” another core concept in procrastination. This paper discusses the relationship between onset and sustained delay in procrastination, and then describes a new scale attempting to measure these two facets of task implementation. In two studies (aggregated N = 465) we demonstrate, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, that although onset and sustained action procrastination measures correlate, they are still separate facets of implemental procrastination. Problems with onset delay seem to be particularly important, increasingly so in high procrastinators. Implications, as well as suggestions for further research, are discussed.
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Delays in academic procrastination may result from late onset and impulsive diversions during work.
“The delays seen in academic procrastination may result from late onset (e.g., “I did not start writing until just one week before deadline”) and impulsive diversions during work (e.g., “I was working, but got tired and had a coffee with a friend instead”) (Svartdal et al., 2020).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Svartdal et al., 2020
Procrastination is a reliable predictor of study effort; high procrastinators spend less time in self-directed work.
“as procrastination is a reliable predictor of study effort, high procrastinators spending less time in self-directed work (Lay, 1992; Svartdal et al., 2020)”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Svartdal et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Svartdal, F., Klingsieck, K. B., Steel, P., & Gamst-Klaussen, T.
- Affiliations
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
- Paderborn University (DE)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Svartdal, Frode
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 156
- Pages
- 109762
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2995570228
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- procrastination, delayed onset, goal pursuit, procrastination scale, intention-behavior gap, scale development
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