Results of a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of a chronic pain self-management group for older adults [ISRCTN11899548]

Ersek, Mary; Turner, Judith A.; Cain, Kevin C.; Kemp, Carol A.

doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.11.003

Cited by 100Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Management and Opioid UsePediatric Pain Management Techniques

Results of a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of a chronic pain self-management group for older adults [ISRCTN11899548]

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Ersek, Mary, Turner, Judith A., Cain, Kevin C., Kemp, Carol A.·2008·Pain

DOI 10.1016/j.pain.2007.11.003PMC PMC2536565

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Abstract

Chronic pain is a common, disabling problem in older adults. Pain self-management training is a multimodal therapy that has been found to be effective in young to middle-aged adult samples; however, few studies have examined the effectiveness of this therapy in older adults. In this randomized, controlled trial, we evaluated a pain self-management training group (SMG) intervention as compared with an education-only (BOOK) control condition. Participants, 65 years of age or older who experienced persistent, noncancer pain that limited their activities, were recruited from 43 retirement communities in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The primary outcome was physical disability, as measured by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), pain intensity (Brief Pain Inventory), and pain-related interference with activities (Brief Pain Inventory). Randomization occurred by facility to minimize cross-contamination between groups. Two-hundred and fifty-six individuals, mean age=81.8 (SD: 6.5), enrolled and 218 completed the study. No significant differences in outcomes were found between groups at post-intervention, 6-month follow-up, or 12-month follow-up. The SMG group showed a significantly greater increase over time, relative to the BOOK group, in two process measures, as measured by the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory: use of relaxation and use of exercise/stretching. In both cases, the increase was greatest from baseline to the post-intervention assessment. Study findings indicate that additional research is needed to determine the most effective content and delivery methods for self-management therapies targeted at older adults with chronic pain.

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For Ersek 2008, allocation concealment was at low risk of bias.
“By independent statistician”
From Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults (2020) · cites this paper as Ersek 2008
For Ersek 2008, blinding of outcome assessment was at unclear risk of bias.
“Not reported”
From Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults (2020) · cites this paper as Ersek 2008
For Ersek 2008, incomplete outcome data was at high risk of bias.
“Completer analysis conducted; attrition > 10%”
From Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults (2020) · cites this paper as Ersek 2008
For Ersek 2008, random sequence generation was at low risk of bias.
“Randomisation by (retirement) facility, by statistician using random number generator”
From Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults (2020) · cites this paper as Ersek 2008
For Ersek 2008, treatment expectations was at unclear risk of bias.
“Not assessed”
From Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults (2020) · cites this paper as Ersek 2008
The Discussion reports participants’ pre-randomization preference for receiving the book, but does not assess treatment expectations or rate their risk of bias. Searches for treatment expectations, expectancy, and bias found no passage supporting the stated rating. (LLM, conf=0.70)
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Influential
ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ CỦA PHƯƠNG PHÁP “TỰ QUẢN LÝ ĐAU” Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐAU THẮT LƯNG MẠN TÍNH DO THOÁT VỊ ĐĨA ĐỆM
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Behandlung chr onischer Schmerzsyndrome: Plädoyer für einen inter disziplinären Therapieansatz
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Link Between Anxiety and Depression and Pain and Sleep Disruption
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Psychosocial Interventions for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Among Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Low, E. L., Gibson, S. L., Patel, K. B., Hickner, A., Sanni, M., Scher, C. J., & Reid, M. C. (2026) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648261462221
Relationships among mechanisms in psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: mechanism to mechanism lagged effects and relationships with outcomes.
Burns, J. W., Gerhart, J., Jensen, M. P., Thorn, B. E., Carmody, J., & Keefe, F. (2026) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000004030
A Gamified Pain Management Intervention for Adults With Chronic Pain in Mainland China: Single-Arm Pre-Post Pilot Study With Machine Learning Predictive Modeling
Tse, M.-M. M. Y., He, J., & Kwok, T. (2026) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/78823
“…or older; (2) able to read and understand the Mandarin Chinese language; (3) owners of smartphones with internet access; (4) have a previously diagnosed chronic noncancer pain condition lasting more than 3 months; (5) report a score of greater than or equal to 2 on the Visual Analog Scale [22].”
An Online Gamified Pain Management Program for Adults With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Tse, M. Y. M., He, J., Kwok, T. T. O., & Ho, S. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/80542
“…criteria: (1) be aged 18 years or older, (2) be able to read and understand Mandarin Chinese, (3) own a smartphone with internet access, (4) have a previously diagnosed chronic noncancer pain condition lasting more than 3 months [40], and (5) report a score of ≥ 2 on the visual analogue scale [41].”
Addressing treatment contamination in the design and analysis of trials of complex interventions: early results from a systematic review of mental health trials affected by contamination
Magill, N., Ismail, K., McCrone, P., & Landau, S. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-16-s2-p7
34 – Management of Pain in Older Adults
Stewart, C., Schofield, P., Gooberman-Hill, R., Mehta, S. S., & Reid, M. C. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-08340-9.00034-7
Help for Osteoarthritis Pain in African American Elders (HOPE): patterns, predictors, and preferences of osteoarthritis and chronic joint pain self-management
Booker, S. (2017) · doi:10.17077/etd.5uwbjgov
Somatoforme Störungen und Schmerzstörungen
Hiller, W. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54723-2_10

Authors: Ersek, M., Turner, J. A., Cain, K. C., & Kemp, C. A.
Affiliations: Oregon Health & Science University (US)
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Ersek, Mary
ORCID: Ersek, Mary
Turner, Judith A.
Cain, Kevin C.
Venue: Pain
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2008-08-15
Volume: 138
Issue: 1
Pages: 29-40
ISSN: 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.11.003
PMC: PMC2536565
OpenAlex: W2024572151
Cited by: 100
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 1.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Pain (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR007787)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Keywords: chronic pain, pain self-management, older adults, group intervention, physical disability, depression, pain intensity, pain interference, relaxation, retirement communities, non-cancer pain
MeSH terms: Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Pain, Pain Measurement, Self Care, Treatment Outcome

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Results of a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of a chronic pain self-management group for older adults [ISRCTN11899548]

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