Dopamine transporter availability reflects gastrointestinal dysautonomia in early Parkinson disease
Open accessAbstract
Background Constipation is a prodromal feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. However, no studies have demonstrated ante-mortem relationships between nigrostriatal dysfunction and GI dysautonomia in PD. Methods The Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease for Autonomic Symptoms (SCOPA-AUT) assesses dysautonomia in the multi-center Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). We used linear mixed-effects models and reliable change indices (RCIs) to examine longitudinal associations between dysautonomia and dopamine transporter (DAT) striatal binding ratios (SBRs) measured by single-photon emission computerized tomography in PPMI participants over four years (n = 397 at baseline). Results Adjusted mixed-models of longitudinal data showed that constipation-but not orthostatic hypotension or urinary dysfunction-was associated with reduced SBR in both caudate (P < 0.001) and putamen (P = 0.040). In both regions, SBR reductions between baseline and 4-year follow-up were significant and measurable (P < 0.0001), with larger decline and variance in the caudate nucleus. Four-year change in caudate-but not putaminal-SBR was significantly associated with RCI-indicated progression of GI dysautonomia (P = 0.031), but not other types of dysautonomia. These associations remained after adjusting for the use of medications or supplements to control constipation. Consistent with prior PPMI reports, motor impairment progression was not associated with SBR reduction. Conclusions GI dysautonomia correlates with reductions in DAT availability; constipation is most closely associated with caudate-DAT reduction. Worsening GI-dysautonomia and reduced bowel movements may accompany advancing nigral degeneration or changes in nigrostriatal dopamine function.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Objective measures of GI autonomic involvement have been correlated with central dopaminergic markers early in Parkinson disease.
“Objective measures of GI autonomic involvement have been correlated with central dopaminergic markers early in disease (Hinkle et al., 2018), and GI symptoms often occur prior to motor diagnosis (Cersosimo et al., 2013; Fasano et al., 2015).”
From Autonomic nervous system and gastrointestinal manifestations with an emphasis on gastric dysfunction (2026) · cites this paper as Hinkle et al., 2018
The Results report that GI dysautonomia scores were associated with reduced caudate and putamen dopamine-transporter availability in early Parkinson disease. But the Methods describe GI involvement as measured by SCOPA-AUT questionnaire items, and the Discussion calls it a self-administered scale; the paper does not establish that the GI measures were objective. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770 · see citing works
Parkinson, J. (2002) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.14.2.223 · Cited by 2,684 · see citing works
Non-motor features of Parkinson disease
Schapira, A. H. V., Chaudhuri, K. R., & Jenner, P. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.62 · Cited by 2,053 · see citing works
The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI)
MAREK, K. L., Jennings, D. L., Lasch, S., Siderowf, A. D., Tanner, C. M., Simuni, T., Coffey, C. S., Kieburtz, K. D., Flagg, E., Chowdhury, S., et al. (2011) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005 · Cited by 1,888 · see citing works
Self-citationBraak, H., R�b, U., Gai, W. P., & Del Tredici, K. (2003) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-002-0808-2 · Cited by 1,683 · see citing works
MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease
Berg, D., Postuma, R. B., Adler, C. H., Bloem, B. R., Chan, P., Dubois, B., Gasser, T., Goetz, C. G., Halliday, G. M., Joseph, L., et al. (2015) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26431 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease
Fasano, A., Visanji, N. P., Liu, L. W. C., Lang, A. E., & Pfeiffer, R. F. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00007-1 · Cited by 1,016 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Pfeiffer, R. F. (2003) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00307-7 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats
Holmqvist, S., Chutna, O., Bousset, L., Aldrin-Kirk, P., Li, W., Björklund, T., Wang, Z.-Y., Roybon, L., Melki, R., & Li, J.-Y. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1343-6 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Arizona Parkinson’s Disease Consortium, Beach, T. G., Adler, C. H., Sue, L. I., Vedders, L., Lue, L., White III, C. L., Akiyama, H., Caviness, J. N., Shill, H. A., et al. (2010) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0664-3 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: The SCOPA‐AUT
Jeukens‐Visser, M., Marinus, J., Stiggelbout, A. M., & van Hilten, J. J. (2004) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20153 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
robustlmm : An R Package for Robust Estimation of Linear Mixed-Effects Models
Koller, M. (2016) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v075.i06 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
How to obtain the P value from a confidence interval
Altman, D., & Bland, J. (2011) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.d2304 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Parkinson risk in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder
Postuma, R. B., Gagnon, J., Bertrand, J., Marchand, D. G., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001364 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Advances in markers of prodromal Parkinson disease
Postuma, R. B., & Berg, D. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.152 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Pfeiffer, R. F. (2011) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.003 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Müller, B., Aßmus, J., Herlofson, K., Larsen, J. P., & Tysnes, O. (2013) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.07.010 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Martínez‐Martín, P., Rodríguez‐Blázquez, C., Álvarez, M., Arakaki, T., Bergareche‐Yarza, A., Chade, A. R., Garretto, N., Gershanik, O. S., Kurtis, M. M., Martínez‐Castrillo, J. C., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6624-1 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Kalaitzakis, M. E., Graeber, M. B., Gentleman, S., & Pearce, R. K. B. (2007) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00923.x · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Manfredsson, F. P., Luk, K. C., Benskey, M. J., Gezer, A., Garcia, J., Kuhn, N. C., Sandoval, I. M., Patterson, J. R., O'Mara, A., Yonkers, R., et al. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.008 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
CLME: An R Package for Linear Mixed Effects Models under Inequality Constraints
Jelsema, C., & Peddada, S. D. (2016) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v075.i01 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Striatal dopamine in P arkinson disease: A meta‐analysis of imaging studies
Kaasinen, V., & Vahlberg, T. J. (2017) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25103 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Colonic mucosal α-synuclein lacks specificity as a biomarker for Parkinson disease
Visanji, N. P., Marras, C., Kern, D. S., AlDakheel, A., Gao, A. F., Liu, L. W. C., Lang, A. E., & Hazrati, L. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001240 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Validation of the MDS‐UPDRS Part I for nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Gallagher, D. A., Goetz, C. G., Stebbins, G. T., Lees, A. J., & Schrag, A. E. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23939 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Internalization, axonal transport and release of fibrillar forms of alpha-synuclein
Bieri, G., Gitler, A. D., & Brahic, M. (2017) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.03.007 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A Nigro−Vagal Pathway Controls Gastric Motility and Is Affected in a Rat Model of Parkinsonism
Anselmi, L., Toti, L., Bove, C., Hampton, J., & Travagli, R. A. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.069 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Alimentary, my dear Watson? The challenges of enteric α‐synuclein as a Parkinson's disease biomarker
Visanji, N. P., Marras, C., Hazrati, L., Liu, L. W. C., & Lang, A. E. (2013) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25789 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Zhu, H. C., Zhao, J., Luo, C. Y., & Li, Q. Q. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-011-9560-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Application of texture analysis to DAT SPECT imaging: Relationship to clinical assessments
Rahmim, A., Salimpour, Y., Jain, S., Blinder, S. A. L., Klyuzhin, I. S., Smith, G. S., Mari, Z. K., & Sossi, V. (2016) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.02.012 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationBowel movement frequency in late‐life and substantia nigra neuron density at death
Petrovitch, H., Abbott, R. D., Ross, G. W., Nelson, J. R., Masaki, K., Tanner, C. M., Launer, L. J., & White, L. R. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22360 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Disrupted hypothalamic functional connectivity in patients with PD and autonomic dysfunction
Dayan, E., Sklerov, M., & Browner, N. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000005641 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Medulla oblongata damage and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease
Pyatigorskaya, N., Mongin, M., Valabrègue, R., Yahia‐Cherif, L., Ewenczyk, C., Poupon, C., Debellemanière, E., Vidailhet, M., Arnulf, I., & Lehéricy, S. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003426 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Severe dysphagia as a presentation of Parkinson's disease
Noyce, A. J., Silveira‐Moriyama, L., Gilpin, P., Ling, H., Howard, R., & Lees, A. J. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.24006 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pagano, G., Yousaf, T., Wilson, H., Niccolini, F., Polychronis, S., Chaudhuri, К. R., & Politis, M. (2017) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13503 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Beta oscillations and urinary voiding in Parkinson disease
Roy, H., Aziz, T. Z., FitzGerald, J. J., & Green, A. L. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000005355 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [27]Pagano G, Yousaf T, Wilson H, Niccolini F, Polychronis S, Chaudhuri KR, Politis M, Constipation is not associated with DAT dopaminergic pathology in early de novo patients with Parkinson’s disease, Eur. J. Neurol (2017). 29078029
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gastrointestinal motility disorders in neurologic disease
Camilleri, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci143771 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Bidirectional gut-to-brain and brain-to-gut propagation of synucleinopathy in non-human primates
Arotcarena, M.-L., Dovero, S., Prigent, A., Bourdenx, M., Camus, S., Porras, G., Thiolat, M.-L., Tasselli, M., Aubert, P., Kruse, N., et al. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa096 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Dopamine Transporter Imaging, Current Status of a Potential Biomarker: A Comprehensive Review
Palermo, G., Giannoni, S., Bellini, G., Siciliano, G., & Ceravolo, R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222011234 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Jones, J. D., Rahmani, E., Garcia, E., & Jacobs, J. P. (2020) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.01.009 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Early constipation predicts faster dementia onset in Parkinson’s disease
Camacho, M., Macleod, A. D., Maple‐Grødem, J., Evans, J., Breen, D. P., Cummins, G. A., Wijeyekoon, R., Greenland, J. C., Alves, G. W., Tysnes, O., et al. (2021) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-021-00191-w · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Leta, V., Urso, D., Batzu, L., Weintraub, D., Titova, N., Aarsland, D., Martinez-Martin, P., Borghammer, P., van Wamelen, D. J., Yousaf, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-212570 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Gastroparesis in Parkinson Disease: Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management
Soliman, H., Coffin, B., & Gourcerol, G. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11070831 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease and animal models
Metzger, J. M., & Emborg, M. E. (2019) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-018-00584-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Autonomic failure in Parkinson’s disease is associated with striatal dopamine deficiencies
van Deursen, D. N., van den Heuvel, O. A., Booij, J., Berendse, H. W., & Vriend, C. (2020) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-020-09785-5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
New Understanding on the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease
Xu, J., Wang, L., Chen, X., & Le, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.917499 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Extrastriatal 123I-FP-CIT SPECT impairment in Parkinson’s disease – the PPMI cohort
Nicastro, N., Garibotto, V., & Burkhard, P. R. (2020) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01777-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Li, X., Yang, W., Li, X., Chen, M., Liu, C., Li, J., & Yu, S. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134640 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mozaffari, S., Nikfar, S., Daniali, M., & Abdollahi, M. R. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1726319 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dopamine transporter imaging in neurodegenerative movement disorders: PET vs. SPECT
Kerstens, V. S., & Varrone, A. (2020) · Clinical and Translational Imaging · doi:10.1007/s40336-020-00386-w · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Augustin, A. D., Guennec, A. D. L., Umamahesan, C., Kendler-Rhodes, A., Tucker, R. M., Chekmeneva, E., Takis, P. G., Lewis, M. R., Balasubramanian, K., Desouza, N., et al. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1152 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cerantola, S., Caputi, V., Contarini, G., Mereu, M., Bertazzo, A., Bosi, A., Banfi, D., Mantini, D., Giaroni, C., & Giron, M. C. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9050465 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Nuclear imaging in Parkinson's disease: The past, the present, and the future
Golan, H., Volkov, O., & Shalom, E. (2022) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120220 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Prates‐Rodrigues, M., Schweizer, B. L. A., Gomes, C., Ribeiro, Â. M., Padovan‐Neto, F. E., Masini, D., & Lopes‐Aguiar, C. (2025) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70008 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal dysfunction in the synucleinopathies
Chung, K. A., & Pfeiffer, R. F. (2020) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-020-00745-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Yu, Z., & Li, Y. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000024837 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Dopamine Transporter Asymmetry in Early Parkinson's Disease
Murtomäki, K., Mertsalmi, T. H., Jaakkola, E., Mäkinen, E., Levo, R., Nojonen, T., Eklund, M. R. E., Nuuttila, S., Lindholm, K., Pekkonen, E., et al. (2022) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28986 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Atremorine in Parkinson's disease: From dopaminergic neuroprotection to pharmacogenomics
Cacabelos, R., Carrera, I., Martínez, O., Alejo, R., Fernández‐Novoa, L., Cacabelos, P., Corzo, L., Rodríguez, S., Alcaraz, M., Nebril, L., et al. (2021) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21838 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Contribution of Type 2 Diabetes to Parkinson’s Disease Aetiology
Ribarič, S. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25084358 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Association Between REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease
Ashraf‐Ganjouei, A., Moradi, K., Aarabi, M. H., Abdolalizadeh, A., Kazemi, S. Z., Kasaeian, A., & Vahabi, Z. (2021) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-202134 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Association between heart rate variability and striatal dopamine depletion in Parkinson’s disease
Kitagawa, T., Umehara, T., Oka, H., Shiraishi, T., Sato, T., Takatsu, H., Nakahara, A., Matsuno, H., Bono, K., Omoto, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02418-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Yao, N.-T., Zheng, Q., Xu, Z., Yin, J., Lu, L.-G., Zuo, Q., Yang, S. S., Zhang, C., & Jiao, L. (2020) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000836 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhang, X.-L., Zhang, X.-H., Xiao, Y., Zheng, L., Feng, X., Liu, C., Quan, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.770841 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Gan, J., Chen, Z., Liu, S., Shi, Z., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Liu, C., & Ji, Y. (2022) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-022-02897-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Tucker, R. M., Ryan, S., Hayee, B., Bjarnason, I., Augustin, A. D., Umamahesan, C., Taylor, D. M., Weller, C., Dobbs, S. M., Dobbs, R. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9061916 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kim, M. S., Park, D. G., Shin, I. J., An, Y., & Yoon, J. H. (2024) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12783-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Impact of autonomic symptoms on the clinical course of Parkinson’s disease
Fujita, H., Ogaki, K., Shiina, T., Sakuramoto, H., Nozawa, N., & Suzuki, K. (2024) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07422-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Murtomäki, K., Joutsa, J., Mertsalmi, T. H., Jaakkola, E., Mäkinen, E., Levo, R., Eklund, M. R. E., Nuuttila, S., Pekkonen, E., Noponen, T., et al. (2023) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.3097 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Alsukhni, R. A., Vichayanrat, E., Koay, S., Davis, L. M., Ingle, G. T., McNamara, P., Panicker, J. N., Bhatia, K. P., Mathias, C. J., Bomanji, J. B., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.16169 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Palermo, G., Aghakhanyan, G., Bellini, G., Giannoni, S., Vadi, G., Francischello, R., Nonne, G., Tedeschi, M., Morganti, R., Frosini, D., et al. (2025) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-025-01164-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nuclear Medicine Imaging Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease: Past, Present, and Future Directions
Martini, A. L., Sestini, S., Guarino, D. S., & Feraco, P. (2025) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci13040308 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Miller‐Patterson, C., Hsu, J. Y., Chahine, L. M., Morley, J. F., & Willis, A. W. (2022) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-022-00889-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dysfunction in the right putamen is associated with drooling in de novo Parkinson's disease
Takatsu, H., Murakami, H., Shiraishi, T., Sato, T., Komatsu, T., Sakai, K., Umehara, T., Omoto, S., Mitsumura, H., & Iguchi, Y. (2022) · Aging and Health Research · doi:10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100116 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cacabelos, R., Carrera, I., Martínez, O., Naidoo, V., Cacabelos, N., Aliev, G. M., & Carril, J. C. (2021) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.21784 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jander, A., Bergner, S., Schönwald, B., Pötter‐Nerger, M., Buhmann, C., & Hidding, U. (2026) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-026-13890-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yang, L., Gao, H., & Ye, M. (2023) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-023-02711-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Miller‐Patterson, C., Hsu, J. Y., & Chahine, L. M. (2022) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000525664 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Multimodal Biomarker Analysis of LRRK2-Linked Parkinson’s Disease Across SAA Subtypes
Jiang, V., Huang, C. K., Gao, G., Huang, K., Yu, L. C., Chan, C., Li, A. Y., & Huang, Z. J. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13113448 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Striatal DAT and disease progression in Parkinson's disease: New evidence from autonomic dysfunction
Zhang, H., Li, R., Jiao, Y., Niu, Y., Hao, X., Shimada, H., Shen, Y., Ma, K., Chen, S., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108294 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Influence of Digestive Dysfunctions on Quality of Life in Parkinson Disease
Criciotoiu, O., Stanca, D. I., Glavan, D.-G., Latea, R. M., Mită, A., Calborean, V., Gheorman, V., Udriștoiu, I., Dijmărescu, A. L., Daviţoiu, D. V., et al. (2019) · Revista de Chimie · doi:10.37358/rc.19.5.7189 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Autonomic nervous system and gastrointestinal manifestations with an emphasis on gastric dysfunction
Shouman, K., Camilleri, M., & Singer, W. (2026) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2026.103474
Drooling and dysphagia in Parkinson's disease
Páez‐Maggio, M. J., Perez‐Lloret, S., & Merello, M. (2021) · International review of movement disorders · doi:10.1016/bs.irmvd.2021.07.003
Mechanisms of development of constipation in Parkinson’s disease and therapeutic approaches
Катунина, Е. А., Shipilova, N. N., & Katunin, D. A. (2022) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202212208121
Gan, J., Chen, Z., Liu, S., Shi, Z., Liu, Y., Wang, X.-D., Liu, C., & Ji, Y. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21162699
- Authors
- Hinkle, J. T., Perepezko, K., Mills, K. A., Mari, Z., Butala, A., Dawson, T. M., Pantelyat, A., Rosenthal, L. S., & Pontone, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hinkle, Jared T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 55
- Pages
- 8-14
- ISSN
- 1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6291234
- OpenAlex
- W2888477732
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 4.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (NIH/NIGMS 5 T32 GM007309)
- NIH NCATS (KL2TR001077)
- Northwestern University
- National Parkinson Foundation
- NIH/NINDS (U01 NS082133, P50NS038377, U01NS082133, R37NS067525, P50 NS38377)
- NIH/NIDA (P50 DA00266)
- JPB Foundation
- Dystonia Prize committee of the Bachmann Strauss Dystonia
- Parkinson's Disease Foundation
- Michael J. Fox Foundation
- Marilyn and Edward Macklin Foundation
- NIH/NIA (AG044441-01A1)
- Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Constipation, Corpus Striatum, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Radioligand Assay, Cohort Studies, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Logistic Models, Statistics, Nonparametric, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Primary Dysautonomias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
