Cited by 221Health and Wellbeing ResearchHealth Education and ValidationHealth Literacy and Information Accessibility

Measuring self-management of patients' and employees' health: further validation of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) based on its relation to employee characteristics

Fowles, Jinnet Briggs, Terry, Paul, Xi, Min, Hibbard, Judith, Bloom, Christine Taddy, Harvey, Lisa·2009·Patient Education and Counseling

Abstract

Objective Evaluate the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) in relation to personal characteristics in employed populations. Further validate the PAM for use in improving clinical or employer-based health-intervention programs.Methods Data for analysis were taken from baseline survey information and health screenings collected during a randomized, controlled trial testing two different health promotion programs. Study population included 625 employees (predominantly white collar) from two companies in the northern Midwest of the United States: a large, integrated health care system and a national airline.Results PAM's psychometric properties are robust in two employed populations. Activation is directly related not only to health status, but also to job performance measures. The strong positive relationship of PAM to measures of healthy behavior, health information-seeking and readiness-to-change further validate the measure. Commonly, a difference of 5 points on the PAM separated healthy from less healthy behaviors.Conclusion Activation can be understood in a broader population health context and need not be restricted to people with chronic illnesses. The study provides guidance on how to interpret PAM scores.Practice implications The PAM can be used as part of any health-intervention program designed to improve patients' or employees' self-management skills, whether the program is clinic-based or employer-based.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.pec.2009.02.018

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 26 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Fowles, J. B., Terry, P., Xi, M., Hibbard, J., Bloom, C. T., & Harvey, L.
Affiliations
  • Park Nicollet Health Services (US)
  • University of Oregon (US)
Corresponding author
Fowles, Jinnet Briggs
Venue
Patient Education and Counseling
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-10
Volume
77
Issue
1
Pages
116-122
ISSN
0738-3991 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1971935737
Cited by
221
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI
11.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Patient Education and Counseling (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (R01 DP000104-01)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
  • Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
Keywords
Patient Activation Measure, patient activation, self-management, employee health, psychometric validation, employee performance, health promotion programs, health behavior, health information seeking, readiness to change, white-collar workers
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Data Collection, Female, Health Promotion, Health Status, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Care, Program Evaluation, Health Behavior, Body Mass Index, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Occupational Health, Program Development

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review