Measuring self-management of patients' and employees' health: further validation of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) based on its relation to employee characteristics
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) in relation to personal characteristics in employed populations. Further validate the PAM for use in improving clinical or employer-based health-intervention programs.Methods Data for analysis were taken from baseline survey information and health screenings collected during a randomized, controlled trial testing two different health promotion programs. Study population included 625 employees (predominantly white collar) from two companies in the northern Midwest of the United States: a large, integrated health care system and a national airline.Results PAM's psychometric properties are robust in two employed populations. Activation is directly related not only to health status, but also to job performance measures. The strong positive relationship of PAM to measures of healthy behavior, health information-seeking and readiness-to-change further validate the measure. Commonly, a difference of 5 points on the PAM separated healthy from less healthy behaviors.Conclusion Activation can be understood in a broader population health context and need not be restricted to people with chronic illnesses. The study provides guidance on how to interpret PAM scores.Practice implications The PAM can be used as part of any health-intervention program designed to improve patients' or employees' self-management skills, whether the program is clinic-based or employer-based.
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The emotional QOL improvement was clinically meaningful because a 3-point difference is considered a minimally important difference.
“This improvement is clinically meaningful, as a 3-point difference is considered a minimally important difference (MID).33”
From A Multimedia Self-management Intervention to Prepare Cancer Patients and Family Caregivers for Lung Surgery and Postoperative Recovery (2017) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Fowles, J. B., Terry, P., Xi, M., Hibbard, J., Bloom, C. T., & Harvey, L.
- Affiliations
- Park Nicollet Health Services (US)
- University of Oregon (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fowles, Jinnet Briggs
- ORCID
- Hibbard, Judith
- Venue
- Patient Education and Counseling
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 116-122
- ISSN
- 0738-3991 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1971935737
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Patient Education and Counseling (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (R01 DP000104-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Keywords
- Patient Activation Measure, patient activation, self-management, employee health, psychometric validation, employee performance, health promotion programs, health behavior, health information seeking, readiness to change, white-collar workers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Data Collection, Female, Health Promotion, Health Status, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Care, Program Evaluation, Health Behavior, Body Mass Index, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Occupational Health, Program Development
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