The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
S100B and Neuron-Specific Enolase Levels as Brain Injury Biomarkers in Internet Addiction: Effect of Sleep
Abstract
Background Comorbidity of Internet addiction (IA) with sleep disruptions is common in adolescents. There is evidence that the levels of brain injury markers could be affected by sleep disruptions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and these biomarkers within the framework of the relationship between IA and sleep disruptions. Methods A total of 65 drug-free adolescents with newly diagnosed IA, aged 12 to 18 years, were included in the study, and they were divided into two groups considering the comorbidities of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and social anxiety. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children. The participants were asked to complete the Young Internet Addiction Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire, Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. Blood samples were taken between 8 and 9 am to analyze S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Plasma S100B and NSE levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the IA with ADHD and the IA with anxiety groups than in healthy controls. NSE and S100B levels were found to be correlated with PSQI scores in both the IA groups. Also, there was a positive correlation between these biomarkers and IA severity. Conclusions Decreased sleep quality and daily sleep duration in IA might cause brain injury, resulting in an increase in the severity of the addiction. Prospective studies with large samples are needed to better explain the IA-sleep-brain injury relationship.
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“Many users report using Instagram late into the night, which interferes with sleep quality and leads to daytime fatigue.”
From The Scrolling Paradox: Analyzing Instagram Addiction Patterns in The Digital Age (2025) · cites this paper as Demirci et al. 2023
In the citing paper
“Moreover, Instagram addiction is linked to physical health concerns, particularly through excessive screen time and disrupted sleep patterns.”
From The Scrolling Paradox: Analyzing Instagram Addiction Patterns in The Digital Age (2025) · cites this paper as Demirci et al. 2023
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Sorted by citations
The Scrolling Paradox: Analyzing Instagram Addiction Patterns in The Digital Age
Balcıoğlu, Y. S., Bayraktar, Ü., & Güven, E. (2025) · İmgelem · doi:10.53791/imgelem.1685011 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Demirci, E., Tastepe, N., Gul, M. K., Ozmen, S., & Kilic, E.
- ORCID
- Demirci, Esra
- Venue
- Pediatric Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-12
- Volume
- 149
- Pages
- 93-99
- ISSN
- 0887-8994 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4386157711
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Pediatric Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (TSA-2020-9958)
- Erciyes Üniversitesi
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- internet addiction, sleep quality, S100B, neuron-specific enolase, brain injury biomarkers, adolescents, ADHD comorbidity, sleep disruption, impulsivity, addiction severity
- MeSH terms
- Internet Addiction Disorder, Adolescent, Brain Injuries, Child, Humans, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase, Prospective Studies, Sleep, Biomarkers, Internet, S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
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