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Combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer: strategies and mechanisms
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade has been approved as the standard-of-care for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Yet, the population of patients who benefit from the treatment remains modest, some of whom would get relapsed and progressed eventually. Combination therapy has emerged as an effective way to broaden beneficiaries from PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and overcome or delay the resistance. In this review, we discuss the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in combination with conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Meanwhile, we illustrate their underlying mechanisms in regulating the process of the cancer-immunity cycle, providing the rationale for the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-based combination therapy. The challenges of combination regimens are also addressed.
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“Additionally, the timing and sequence of combination therapy also influence treatment toxicity, which should be further validated in clinical studies [186, 207].”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [186]
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“which might be attributed to the lack of concurrent TIL and PD-L1 expression, low tumor mutation burden, or increased Tregs in the TME [186].”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [186]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, M.-Y., Jiang, X.-M., Wang, B.-L., Sun, Y., & Lu, J.-J.
- Affiliations
- University of Macau (MO)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Lu, Jin-Jian
- Venue
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 219
- Pages
- 107694
- ISSN
- 0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3089009365
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 14
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidade de Macau
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Keywords
- PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, non-small cell lung cancer, combination therapy, cancer immunotherapy, combination chemotherapy, combination targeted therapy, immunotherapy resistance, cancer-immunity cycle, immune checkpoint inhibitors
- MeSH terms
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Humans, Immunotherapy, Lung Neoplasms, B7-H1 Antigen, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
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