Differences in eating behaviors and masticatory performances by gender and obesity status
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether there might be differences in masticatory performance and eating behaviors by gender and obesity status. Forty eight (24 males; 24 females) non-obese and pre-obese young adults were matched for age, gender, and dental health. Eating behaviors were assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and chewing performance while eating 152g of boiled rice was measured using electromyography (EMG). Compared with non-obese participants, pre-obese participants had significantly higher levels of disinhibition according to the TFEQ (P<0.05 for males; P<0.01 for females). Microstructures of chewing performance were significantly different by gender but not by obesity status. Males had a greater bite size (P<0.05), greater chewing power (P<0.001) and a faster eating rate (P<0.05) than females. Females habitually chewed more (P<0.05) and had a longer meal duration (P<0.01) than males. Eating rate was positively associated with disinhibition (r=0.490, P<0.05) score in males. Bite size (r=-0.449, P<0.05 for non-obese) and chewing power (r=-0.581, P<0.01 for non-obese and r=-0.446, P<0.05 for pre-obese) were negatively associated with disinhibition score. Results suggest that the effects of gender and, in part, obesity on eating responses may be explained as chewing performance. Therefore, gender-specific interventions and counseling aimed at slowing the rate of ingestion could be promising behavioral treatments for obese persons.
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Striking sex differences have been observed in eating behaviours and food cravings, resulting in an increased risk for obesity.
“Furthermore, striking sex differences have been observed in eating behaviours and food cravings, resulting in an increased risk for obesity 30, 31, 32.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Women report more trait-related and state-related cravings and find it more difficult to cognitively regulate or restrain food cravings.
“Additionally, women report more trait‐related and state‐related cravings, finding it more difficult to cognitively regulate or restrain food cravings 31, 32.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
The brain-level findings are consistent with epidemiological studies showing sex-related differences in food addiction related to the types of foods craved and the intensity and frequency of cravings.
“These findings at the brain level are consistent with epidemiological studies that show sex‐related differences in food addiction related to the types of foods craved and the intensity and frequency of the cravings 31, 32.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Men consume larger bite sizes and chew faster and more forcefully compared with women.
“On the other hand, men consume larger bite sizes and chew faster and more forcefully compared with women 32.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Women crave sweets such as chocolates, while men crave savoury foods.
“For example, women crave sweets such as chocolates, while men crave savoury foods.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Park, S., & Shin, W.-S.
- Affiliations
- Semyung University (KR)
- Hanyang University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Park, Soojin
- ORCID
- Shin, Weon-Sun
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 138
- Pages
- 69-74
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046841659
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 4.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Royal Society of Chemistry’s Journals, Books and Databases (The Royal Society of Chemistry) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea (2011-2-062)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Keywords
- dietary habits, mastication, chewing performance, obesity, pre-obesity, gender differences, disinhibition, eating speed, bite size, meal duration, young adults, electromyography of masticatory muscles
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Electromyography, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Mastication, Masticatory Muscles, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Oryza, Sex Characteristics, Young Adult
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