Ginkgo biloba for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents: A double blind, randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Background Although stimulants are highly effective in controlling the symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), some children will not respond to, or are intolerant of stimulants. Thus, the desire for safe and effective nonstimulant medications has risen during the past several years. Ginkgo biloba has been suggested in the treatment of dementia and memory impairment. We hypothesized that G.biloba would be beneficial for treatment of ADHD, and this could be evaluated in a double blind, randomized, parallel group comparison of G.biloba (Ginko T.D. Tolidaru, Iran) and methylphenidate.Methods Fifty outpatients (39 boys and 11 girls) with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD were study population of this trial. Subjects were recruited from an outpatient child and adolescent clinic for a 6 week double blind, randomized clinical trial. All study subjects were randomly assigned to receive treatment using tablet of Ginko T.D. at a dose of 80-120 mg/day depending on weight (80 mg/day for <30 kg and 120 mg/day for >30 kg) (group 1) or methylphenidate at a dose of 20-30 mg/day depending on weight (20 mg/day for <30 kg and 30 mg/day for >30 kg (group 2) for a 6 week double blind, randomized clinical trial. The principal measure of outcome was the Teacher and Parent ADHD Rating Scale- IV. Patients were assessed at baseline and at 21 and 42 days after the medication started.Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups on the Parent and Teacher Rating Scale scores. The changes at the endpoint compared to baseline were: -6.52+/-11.43 (mean+/-S.D.) and -15.92+/-11.44 (mean+/-S.D.) for Ginko T.D. and methyphenidate, respectively for Parent ADHD Rating Scale. The changes at the endpoint compared to baseline were: -0.84+/-6.79 (mean+/-S.D.) and -14.04+/-8.67 (mean+/-S.D.) for Ginko T.D. and methyphenidate, respectively for Teacher ADHD Rating Scale. The difference between the Ginko T.D. and methylphenidate groups in the frequency of side effects was not significant except for decreased appetite, headache and insomnia that were observed more frequently in the methylphenidate group.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that administration of G.biloba was less effective than methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD.
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Gingko biloba failed in head-to-head comparison with methylphenidate.
“Positive results were claimed for gingko biloba [106], but this failed in head-to-head comparison with methylphenidate [107].”
From Advances in understanding and treating ADHD (2011) · cites this paper as [107]
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Advances in understanding and treating ADHD
Antshel, K. M., Hargrave, T. M., Simonescu, M., Kaul, P., Hendricks, K., & Faraone, S. V. (2011) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-72 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Salehi, B., Imani, R., Mohammadi, M. R., Fallah, J., Mohammadi, M., Ghanizadeh, A., Tasviechi, A. A., Vossoughi, A., Rezazadeh, S.-A., & Akhondzadeh, S.
- Affiliations
- Arak University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Roozbeh Hospital (IR)
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Akhondzadeh, Shahin
- Venue
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-80
- ISSN
- 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017287966
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies
- Keywords
- Ginkgo biloba, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, methylphenidate, non-stimulant medication, children and adolescents, ADHD Rating Scale-IV, adverse effects, treatment efficacy, herbal medicine, parent and teacher ratings
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Male, Phytotherapy, Methylphenidate, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Treatment Outcome, Ginkgo biloba, Plant Preparations
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