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Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background Psychological suffering by health professionals may be associated with the uncertainty of a safe workplace. Front-line professionals exposed and involved in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients are more susceptible.Method This review was conducted based on papers that were published at MEDLINE, BMJ, PsycINFO, and LILACS, the according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA).Results Health professionals had a higher level of anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01, OR = 1.6152; 95%CI 1.3283 to 1.9641; p < 0.0001) and depression 12.2 vs. 9.5%; p = 0.04; OR = 1.3246; 95%CI 1.0930 to 1.6053; p = 0.0042), besides somatizations and insomnia compared to professionals from other areas.Conclusion Health professionals, regardless of their age, showed significant levels of mental disorders. We observed a prevalence of anxiety and depression. Insomnia was a risk factor for both.
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“Frontline health workers have higher rates of insomnia and posttraumatic stress [40]”
From Overview of sleep management during COVID-19. (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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“A literature review by da Silva and Neto showed health workers to have a significantly higher incidence of insomnia, anxiety and depression symptoms than other professionals [40].”
From Overview of sleep management during COVID-19. (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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“The stressful situation of healthcare workers, specially the fear to infect relatives, may lead to depressive symptoms (12.2–26.3%), anxiety (13–29%), and PTSS (3–20.7%) as well.”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [180]
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Sokolov, V. P., Gulamov, E. V., & Bartolomeu, N. A. (2021) · Vestnik nevrologii psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery) · doi:10.33920/med-01-2111-04
Changes in the Lives of Middle-Aged Adults and Their Educational Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic
AYDIN, D., Kutluana, Ö., ÇAKIR, Ü. D., & Ünal, F. (2022) · Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education · doi:10.14686/buefad.904162
Stukaite, G. D. (2021) · American Journal of Medical and Clinical Sciences · doi:10.33425/2832-4226/21007
Sigcha, M. S. P., & Saquinaula, D. F. Á. (2022) · Pro Sciences Revista de Producción Ciencias e Investigación · doi:10.29018/issn.2588-1000vol6iss42.2022pp323-336
Bahmani, D. S., Mohammadian, Y., Bahmani, L. S., Khazaie, H., Piri, N., Gross, J. J., & Motl, R. W. (2023) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2022.2157417
“…meta-analyses, the COVID-19-pandemic and its related social restrictions had unfavorably impacted people’s general mental health (Bareeqa et al., 2021; Cénat et al., 2021; Deng et al., 2021; Luo et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020; Salehi et al., 2021; Da Silva Neto et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2021).”
BackgroundEffects and Causes of COVID-19 Quarantine on Adolescent Mental Health
Wang, Y., & Reeder, K. (2022) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v11i4.3618
Efectos psicológicos en talento humano en salud colombiano con exposición a SARS CoV 2
de Colombia, U. C., Cardona, E. Y. B., Zuluaga, C. A. Á., Elorza, J. H. R., Borrero, L. M. G., & Rueda, C. M. Z. (2023) · doi:10.16925/wpai.13
Tutar, H., Erdem, A. T., & Karademir, Ö. (2023) · Podium Sport Leisure and Tourism Review · doi:10.5585/podium.v12i2.22295
Impactos Psicológicos da Pandemia de Coronavírus (COVID-19) em Profi ssionais de Saúde: Overview
Cavalheiro, F. R. S., & Sticca, M. G. (2023) · Cadernos de Psicologia · doi:10.9788/cp2023.2-01
جادالله, ش. م. ع. ا. (2023) · مجلة الدراسات النفسیة المعاصرة جامعة بنى سویف · doi:10.21608/bshjo.2023.204694.1045
Kantorski, L. P., Treichel, C. A. D. S., La-Rotta, E. I. G., Munhoz, T. N., de Oliveira, M. M., & Alves, P. F. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16870
Calidad de atención y estrés laboral en Centro Materno Infantil “Wichanzao”- La Esperanza
Tarrillo, G. D. R. G., Delgado, W., Sing, J. A. E., Lazaro, F. M., Poemape, T. S. S., Paredes, E., & Sánchez, J. S. G. (2023) · UCV HACER · doi:10.18050/revucvhacer.v12n3a5
Çalım, M., & Sümer, İ. (2023) · Experimental Biomedical Research · doi:10.30714/j-ebr.2023.199
Ibla, J. S. T. (2021) · Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista · doi:10.59590/upsjb/fcs.estomat/tesis/3464
Infectious Diseases and Pandemics: Need for Psychological Preparedness and Resilient Response
Mukherjee, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3201-6_10
Çayköylü, A., Hamurcu, H. D., Karslıoğlu, E. H., Bal, N. B., & Ata, P. E. (2023) · Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews · doi:10.2174/0126660822252790231102102410
Huarca, L. G. S. (2022) · Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista · doi:10.59590/upsjb/ep.msalud.pub/tesis/3682
Mexican Quality of Work Life Scale in healthcare personnel: development and validation
Ortiz, A. P., Antonio-Cruz, A., Neri-Flores, V., Pineda-Flores, C., Romero-Hernández, A. X., Ortega-Luyando, M., & Gutiérrez-Velilla, E. (2024) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.527431 · Cited by 2
Coronavirus phobia and burnout in healthcare workers during the pandemic process
Kahraman, B. B., Acun, A., Arıkan, E., Çevik, N., & Dahil, A. (2024) · Sakarya Üniversitesi Holistik Sağlık Dergisi · doi:10.54803/sauhsd.1264207
Bibliometric Analysis of Quality Studies in Healthcare During the Pandemic
Uğrak, U., Şen, H., & Kavak, D. G. (2024) · Sağlık akademisyenleri dergisi/Sağlık akademisyenler dergisi · doi:10.52880/sagakaderg.1394335
Zou, C., Hollingsworth, J. C., Farrell, R. G., & Fox, B. I. (2024) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276241279170
Sugestões de uma equipe de saúde hospitalar à formação e ao preparo profissional para pandemias
Barros, H. R. D. S., & Grosseman, S. (2024) · Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica · doi:10.1590/1981-5271v48.4-2023-0301
Metadata
- Authors
- da Silva Neto, R. M., Benjamim, C. J. R., de Medeiros Carvalho, P. M., & Neto, M. L. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Pernambuco (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Cariri (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim
- Venue
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 104
- Pages
- 110062
- ISSN
- 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7409979
- OpenAlex
- W3046942365
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 65
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Suicidology Research Group from Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, somatization, workplace mental health, frontline workers, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Mental Disorders, Health Personnel, Humans, Occupational Diseases, Pneumonia, Viral, Stress, Psychological, Prevalence, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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