The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background Psychological suffering by health professionals may be associated with the uncertainty of a safe workplace. Front-line professionals exposed and involved in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients are more susceptible.Method This review was conducted based on papers that were published at MEDLINE, BMJ, PsycINFO, and LILACS, the according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA).Results Health professionals had a higher level of anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01, OR = 1.6152; 95%CI 1.3283 to 1.9641; p < 0.0001) and depression 12.2 vs. 9.5%; p = 0.04; OR = 1.3246; 95%CI 1.0930 to 1.6053; p = 0.0042), besides somatizations and insomnia compared to professionals from other areas.Conclusion Health professionals, regardless of their age, showed significant levels of mental disorders. We observed a prevalence of anxiety and depression. Insomnia was a risk factor for both.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Frontline health workers have higher rates of insomnia and posttraumatic stress [40]”
From Overview of sleep management during COVID-19. (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A literature review by da Silva and Neto showed health workers to have a significantly higher incidence of insomnia, anxiety and depression symptoms than other professionals [40].”
From Overview of sleep management during COVID-19. (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“The stressful situation of healthcare workers, specially the fear to infect relatives, may lead to depressive symptoms (12.2–26.3%), anxiety (13–29%), and PTSS (3–20.7%) as well.”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [180]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Wang, G., Ma, R., Qiao, G., Wada, K., Aizawa, Y., & Satoh, T. (2015) · Integrative Medicine International · doi:10.1159/000368408 · Cited by 18,762
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 · Cited by 8,015
Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12988 · Cited by 1,959
Zhang, W.-R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W.-F., Xue, Q., Peng, M., Min, B.-Q., Tian, Q., Leng, H.-X., Du, J.-L., et al. (2020) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000507639 · Cited by 1,690
Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yao, L., Bai, H., Cai, Z., Xiang Yang, B., et al. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 · Cited by 1,516
Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Lu, W. Z., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936 · Cited by 1,321
Ahmed, S. F., Quadeer, A. A., & McKay, M. R. (2020) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v12030254 · Cited by 1,128
Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors
Mak, I. W. C., Chu, C. M., Pan, P. C., Yiu, M. G. C., & Chan, V. L. (2009) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001 · Cited by 1,018
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–219 of 219
Vebares, T. J. (2024) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/105939
Toader, I. D., Castells, E. F., Carpio, A., Valverde, A. G., Narváez, A., & Rodríguez, L. P.-A. (2025) · Psicooncología · doi:10.5209/psic.98057
Kupriianova, L., & Kupriianova, D. (2025) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2025.77.61587
Tapia-Saavedra, S., Matus-Rosas, P., López-Inzunza, V., Rivera-López, J., & Carrasco-Fierro, T. (2025) · Revista de Logopedia Foniatría y Audiología · doi:10.1016/j.rlfa.2025.100542
Depresión, ansiedad y estrés en personal de salud que labora en un hospital
Morales, G., Castro, R. G., & Ureña-Martinez, A. (2025) · Revista Cientifica Ciencia Medica · doi:10.51581/rccm.v27i1.155
Alamri, A., Alkhathami, A. A., Alshabab, S. Q. A., Ogran, M. A. H., Alqahtani, Y., Hamdi, A. M. A., Alshehri, M. A. A., Aldhabaan, W. A., Alwalidi, A. K., Alshahrani, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_334_24 · Cited by 1
Wan, H., Li, H., Luan, S., & Zhang, C. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24303278
Mallon, A., Mitchell, G., Carter, G., McLaughlin, D., & Wilson, C. B. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587464
Rosenström, T., Tuisku, K., Suvisaari, J., Pukkala, E., Junttila, K., Haravuori, H., Elovainio, M. J., Haapa, T., Jylhä, P. J., & Laukkala, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21601954
Kunzler, A. M., Röthke, N., Günthner, L., Stoffers‐Winterling, J., Tüscher, O., Coenen, M., Rehfuess, E., Schwarzer, G., Binder, H., Schmucker, C. M., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14337735
Wan, H., Li, H., Luan, S., & Zhang, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24303442
Kunzler, A. M., Röthke, N., Günthner, L., Stoffers‐Winterling, J., Tüscher, O., Coenen, M., Rehfuess, E., Schwarzer, G., Binder, H., Schmucker, C. M., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14337738
Mallon, A., Mitchell, G., Carter, G., McLaughlin, D., & Wilson, C. B. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26587467
Pestilos, C. C., Hill, P. L., Fetterman, A. K., & Damian, R. I. (2026) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104723
Moyo, N., & Bhappu, A. D. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14111582 · Cited by 1
Zupančić, V., & Erjavec, K. (2026) · Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century · doi:10.12923/pielxxiw-2026-0022
Estresse, ansiedade e depressão em segundas vítimas: revisão integrativa
Gallo, E. B. R., & la Cruz, S. G. T.-D. (2026) · Revista Bioética · doi:10.1590/1983-803420264060pt
Stress, anxiety, and depression in second victims: an integrative review
Gallo, E. B. R., & la Cruz, S. G. T.-D. (2026) · Revista Bioética · doi:10.1590/1983-803420264060en
Estrés, ansiedad, depresión en las segundas víctimas: revisión integrativa
Gallo, E. B. R., & la Cruz, S. G. T.-D. (2026) · Revista Bioética · doi:10.1590/1983-803420264060es
Metadata
- Authors
- da Silva Neto, R. M., Benjamim, C. J. R., de Medeiros Carvalho, P. M., & Neto, M. L. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Pernambuco (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Cariri (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim
- Venue
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 104
- Pages
- 110062
- ISSN
- 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7409979
- OpenAlex
- W3046942365
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 65
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Suicidology Research Group from Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, somatization, workplace mental health, frontline workers, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Mental Disorders, Health Personnel, Humans, Occupational Diseases, Pneumonia, Viral, Stress, Psychological, Prevalence, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
