CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 200Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesOpioid Use Disorder TreatmentForensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

Stimulant Abuse: Pharmacology, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Treatment, Attempts at Pharmacotherapy

Open access
Ciccarone, Daniel·2011·Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice
DOI 10.1016/j.pop.2010.11.004PMC PMC3056348
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The high prevalence of stimulant abuse and its harmful consequences make the screening, diagnosis, and referral for treatment of persons with stimulant abuse a top concern for primary care providers. Having a working knowledge of use patterns, clinical symptomatology, end-organ effects, and advances in treatment of stimulant abuse is essential. Although cocaine and amphetamine have different use patterns, duration of action, and so forth, the consequences of use are remarkably similar. Primary care is at the forefront of screening, brief risk reduction interventions, and diagnosis of medical sequelae, with referral to addiction specialist treatment when necessary.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.pop.2010.11.004

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Injection stimulant use increases the risk of infectious diseases, including HIV and viral hepatitis, and other infectious complications such as infective endocarditis.

    “Further, injection stimulant use puts people at risk for infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis, as well as other infectious complications such as infective endocarditis.11”

    From The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Clinical features > HIV section (page unavailable) states that injection and needle sharing increase HIV transmission risk and that injection risk behaviors increase transmission risk for HCV and HBV. The available passages do not mention infective endocarditis; searches for that term and for bacterial infection found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Stimulant use disorder can cause serious long-term health problems, including cardiac, pulmonary, psychiatric, dental, nutritional, and dermatologic issues, as well as cognitive impairment.

    “Beyond the mortality risk, StUD can also lead to long-term health problems, including cardiac, pulmonary, psychiatric, dental, nutritional, and dermatologic issues, as well as cognitive impairment.11”

    From The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [11]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 119

  1. [1]Thoumi FE Illegal drugs, economy, and society in the Andes 2003 Washington, D.C. Woodrow Wilson Center Press
  2. [2]Spillane JF Cocaine: from medical marvel to modern menace in the United States, 1884–1920 2000 Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press
  3. [3]Musto DF The American disease: origins of narcotic control 1999 3rd ed. New York Oxford University Press
  4. [4]Reinarman C Levine HG Crack in America: demon drugs and social justice 1997 Berkeley and Los Angeles University of California Press
  5. [5]Rasmussen N Making the first anti-depressant: amphetamine in American medicine, 1929–1950 Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 2006 61 3 288 323 16492800
  6. [6]Goode E Drugs in American society 2005 6th ed. New York McGraw-Hill
  7. [11]Maxwell JC Rutkowski BA The prevalence of methamphetamine and amphetamine abuse in North America: a review of the indicators, 1992–2007 Drug Alcohol Rev 2008 May 27 3 229 235 18368603
  8. [16]Hatsukami DK Fischman MW Crack cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride. Are the differences myth or reality? JAMA 1996 Nov 20 276 19 1580 1588 8918856
  9. [18]Volkow ND Wang GJ Fischman MW Effects of route of administration on cocaine induced dopamine transporter blockade in the human brain Life Sciences 2000 67 12 1507 1515 10983846
  10. [20]Shesser R Jotte R Olshaker J The contribution of impurities to the acute morbidity of illegal drug use Am J Emerg Med 1991 9 336 342 2054004
  11. [21]Kinzie E Levamisole found in patients using cocaine Ann Emerg Med 2009 Apr 53 4 546 547 19303517
  12. [22]Knowles L Buxton JA Skuridina N Levamisole tainted cocaine causing severe neutropenia in Alberta and British Columbia Harm Reduct J 2009 6 30 19919709 PMC2780984
  13. [27]Cho AK Melega WP Patterns of methamphetamine abuse and their consequences J Addict Dis 2002 21 1 21 34 11831497
  14. [28]Schifano F Corkery JM Cuffolo G Smokable (“ice”, “crystal meth”) and non smokable amphetamine-type stimulants: clinical pharmacological and epidemiological issues, with special reference to the UK Ann Ist Super Sanità 2007 43 1 110 115 17536161
  15. [29]Masand PS Tesar GE Use of stimulants in the medically ill Psychiatr Clin North Am 1996 Sep 19 3 515 547 8856815
  16. [31]McCabe SE Teter CJ Boyd CJ Medical use, illicit use and diversion of prescription stimulant medication J Psychoactive Drugs 2006 Mar 38 1 43 56 16681175 PMC1761861
  17. [33]Sachdev M Miller WC Ryan T Jollis JG Effect of fenfluramine-derivative diet pills on cardiac valves: a meta-analysis of observational studies Am Heart J 2002 Dec 144 6 1065 1073 12486432
  18. [34]Kernan WN Viscoli CM Brass LM Phenylpropanolamine and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke N Engl J Med 2000 Dec 21 343 25 1826 1832 11117973
  19. [35]Fleckenstein AE Volz TJ Riddle EL Gibb JW Hanson GR New insights into the mechanism of action of amphetamines Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2007 47 681 698 17209801
  20. [36]Howell LL Kimmel HL Monoamine transporters and psychostimulant addiction Biochem Pharmacol 2008 Jan 1 75 1 196 217 17825265
  21. [37]Volkow ND Fowler JS Wang GJ Baler R Telang F Imaging dopamine's role in drug abuse and addiction Neuropharmacology 2009 56 Suppl 1 3 8 18617195 PMC2696819
  22. [38]Wee S Carroll FI Woolverton WL A reduced rate of in vivo dopamine transporter binding is associated with lower relative reinforcing efficacy of stimulants Neuropsychopharmacology 2006 Feb 31 2 351 362 15957006
  23. [39]Chen R Tilley MR Wei H Abolished cocaine reward in mice with a cocaine-insensitive dopamine transporter Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 Jun 13 103 24 9333 9338 16754872 PMC1482610
  24. [40]Caine SB Thomsen M Gabriel KI Lack of self-administration of cocaine in dopamine D1 receptor knock-out mice J Neurosci 2007 Nov 28 27 48 13140 13150 18045908 PMC2747091
  25. [41]Kimmel HL O'Connor JA Carroll FI Howell LL Faster onset and dopamine transporter selectivity predict stimulant and reinforcing effects of cocaine analogs in squirrel monkeys Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007 Jan 86 1 45 54 17258302 PMC1850383
  26. [42]Kuhar MJ Ritz MC Boja JW The dopamine hypothesis of the reinforcing properties of cocaine Trends Neurosci 1991 Jul 14 7 299 302 1719677
  27. [43]Filip M Frankowska M Zaniewska M Golda A Przegalinski E The serotonergic system and its role in cocaine addiction Pharmacol Rep 2005 Nov–Dec 57 6 685 700 16382187
  28. [44]Rothman RB Baumann MH Dersch CM Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin Synapse 2001 Jan 39 1 32 41 11071707
  29. [45]Gass JT Olive MF Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism Biochem Pharmacol 2008 Jan 1 75 1 218 265 17706608 PMC2239014
  30. [46]Williams MJ Adinoff B The role of acetylcholine in cocaine addiction Neuropsychopharmacology 2008 Jul 33 8 1779 1797 17928814 PMC2667818
  31. [47]Romanelli F Smith KM Clinical effects and management of methamphetamine abuse Pharmacotherapy 2006 Aug 26 8 1148 1156 16863490
  32. [48]Angrist B Engel J Oreland L Ingvar DH Clinical effects of central nervous system stimulants: a selective update 1987 New York Raven Press Brain reward systems and abuse
  33. [49]Hando J Topp L Hall W Amphetamine-related harms and treatment preferences of regular amphetamine users in Sydney, Australia Drug Alcohol Depend 1997 Jun 6 46 1–2 105 113 9246558
  34. [50]Peck JA Shoptaw S Rotheram-Fuller E Reback CJ Bierman B HIV-associated medical, behavioral, and psychiatric characteristics of treatment-seeking, methamphetamine-dependent men who have sex with men J Addict Dis 2005 24 3 115 132 16186088
  35. [51]O'Connor AD Rusyniak DE Bruno A Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications of alcohol and sympathomimetic drug abuse Med Clin North Am 2005 Nov 89 6 1343 1358 16227066
  36. [52]Gay GR Clinical management of acute and chronic cocaine poisoning Ann Emerg Med 1982 Oct 11 10 562 572 6751171
  37. [53]Colfax G Shoptaw S The methamphetamine epidemic: implications for HIV prevention and treatment Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2005 Nov 2 4 194 199 16343378
  38. [54]Myers MG Rohsenow DJ Monti PM Dey A Patterns of cocaine use among individuals in substance abuse treatment Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1995 May 21 2 223 231 7639208
  39. [55]O'Brien CP Gardner EL Critical assessment of how to study addiction and its treatment: human and non-human animal models Pharmacol Ther 2005 Oct 108 1 18 58 16183393
  40. [56]Kalivas PW Pierce RC Cornish J Sorg BA A role for sensitization in craving and relapse in cocaine addiction J Psychopharmacol 1998 12 1 49 53 9584968
  41. [57]Robinson TE Berridge KC The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: an incentive-sensitization view Addiction 2000 Aug 95 Suppl 2 S91 S117 11002906
  42. [58]Bonate PL Swann A Silverman PB Context-dependent cross-sensitization between cocaine and amphetamine Life Sci 1997 60 1 PL1 PL7 8995535
  43. [59]Mahoney JJ 3rd Kalechstein AD De La Garza R 2nd Newton TF Presence and persistence of psychotic symptoms in cocaine- versus methamphetamine-dependent participants Am J Addict 2008 Mar–Apr 17 2 83 98 18393050 PMC4119877
  44. [60]Fasano A Barra A Nicosia P Cocaine addiction: from habits to stereotypical-repetitive behaviors and punding Drug Alcohol Depend 2008 Jul 1 96 1–2 178 182 18378407
  45. [61]Hall W Hando J Darke S Ross J Psychological morbidity and route of administration among amphetamine users in Sydney, Australia Addiction 1996 Jan 91 1 81 87 8822016
  46. [62]Williamson S Gossop M Powis B Griffiths P Fountain J Strang J Adverse effects of stimulant drugs in a community sample of drug users Drug Alcohol Depend 1997 Mar 14 44 2–3 87 94 9088780
  47. [63]Flaum M Schultz SK When does amphetamine-induced psychosis become schizophrenia? Am J Psychiatry 1996 Jun 153 6 812 815 8633695
  48. [64]Yui K Ishiguro T Goto K Ikemoto S Factors affecting the development of spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998 Mar 97 3 220 227 9543311
  49. [65]Mendelson JH Sholar M Mello NK Teoh SK Sholar JW Cocaine tolerance: behavioral, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine function in men Neuropsychopharmacology 1998 Apr 18 4 263 271 9509494
  50. [66]Lim KO Wozniak JR Mueller BA Brain macrostructural and microstructural abnormalities in cocaine dependence Drug Alcohol Depend 2008 Jan 1 92 1–3 164 172 17904770 PMC2693223
  51. [67]Yucel M Lubman DI Solowij N Brewer WJ Understanding drug addiction: a neuropsychological perspective Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2007 Dec 41 12 957 968 17999268
  52. [68]Coffey SF Dansky BS Carrigan MH Brady KT Acute and protracted cocaine abstinence in an outpatient population: a prospective study of mood, sleep and withdrawal symptoms Drug Alcohol Depend 2000 Jun 1 59 3 277 286 10812287
  53. [69]Lago JA Kosten TR Stimulant withdrawal Addiction 1994 Nov 89 11 1477 1481 7841859
  54. [71]Woody GE Cottler LB Cacciola J Severity of dependence: data from the DSM-IV field trials Addiction 1993 Nov 88 11 1573 1579 8287004
  55. [72]Gossop M Griffiths P Powis B Strang J Cocaine: patterns of use, route of administration, and severity of dependence Br J Psychiatry 1994 May 164 5 660 664 7921717
  56. [73]Gorelick DA The rate hypothesis and agonist substitution approaches to cocaine abuse treatment Adv Pharmacol 1998 42 995 997 9328065
  57. [74]Association AP Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000 Fourth Edition, Text Revision ed. Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association
  58. [75]Agrawal A Lynskey MT Are there genetic influences on addiction: evidence from family, adoption and twin studies Addiction 2008 Jul 103 7 1069 1081 18494843
  59. [76]Boghdadi MS Henning RJ Cocaine: pathophysiology and clinical toxicology Heart Lung 1997 Nov–Dec 26 6 466 483 quiz 484-465 9431493
  60. [77]Qureshi AI Suri MF Guterman LR Hopkins LN Cocaine use and the likelihood of nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Circulation 2001 Jan 30 103 4 502 506 11157713
  61. [78]Gitman MD Singhal PC Cocaine-induced renal disease Expert Opin Drug Saf 2004 Sep 3 5 441 448 15335299
  62. [79]Glauser J Queen JR An overview of non-cardiac cocaine toxicity J Emerg Med 2007 Feb 32 2 181 186 17307630
  63. [80]Doctora JS Williams CW Bennett CR Howlett BK Rhabdomyolysis in the acutely cocaine- intoxicated patient sustaining maxillofacial trauma: report of a case and review of the literature J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003 Aug 61 8 964 967 12905452
  64. [81]Goodger NM Wang J Pogrel MA Palatal and nasal necrosis resulting from cocaine misuse Br Dent J 2005 Mar 26 198 6 333 334 15789087
  65. [82]Kuczkowski KM The effects of drug abuse on pregnancy Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2007 Dec 19 6 578 585 18007137
  66. [83]Phupong V Darojn D Amphetamine abuse in pregnancy: the impact on obstetric outcome Arch Gynecol Obstet 2007 Aug 276 2 167 170 17285340
  67. [84]Williams JH Ross L Consequences of prenatal toxin exposure for mental health in children and adolescents: a systematic review Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007 Jun 16 4 243 253 17200791
  68. [85]Neiman J Haapaniemi HM Hillbom M Neurological complications of drug abuse: pathophysiological mechanisms Eur J Neurol 2000 Nov 7 6 595 606 11136345
  69. [86]Warner EA Cocaine abuse Ann Intern Med 1993 Aug 1 119 3 226 235 8323092
  70. [87]Harris D Batki SL Stimulant psychosis: symptom profile and acute clinical course Am J Addict 2000 Winter 9 1 28 37 10914291
  71. [88]Featherstone RE Kapur S Fletcher PJ The amphetamine-induced sensitized state as a model of schizophrenia Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007 Nov 15 31 8 1556 1571 17884274
  72. [89]Buffenstein A Heaster J Ko P Chronic psychotic illness from methamphetamine Am J Psychiatry 1999 Apr 156 4 662 10200757
  73. [90]Mello NK Mendelson JH Cocaine's effects on neuroendocrine systems: clinical and preclinical studies Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997 Jul 57 3 571 599 9218281
  74. [91]Carey JC Pharmacological effects on sexual function Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2006 Dec 33 4 599 620 17116504
  75. [92]Afonso L Mohammad T Thatai D Crack whips the heart: a review of the cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine Am J Cardiol 2007 Sep 15 100 6 1040 1043 17826394
  76. [94]Yeo KK Wijetunga M Ito H The association of methamphetamine use and cardiomyopathy in young patients Am J Med 2007 Feb 120 2 165 171 17275458
  77. [95]Tashkin DP Airway effects of marijuana, cocaine, and other inhaled illicit agents Curr Opin Pulm Med 2001 Mar 7 2 43 61 11224724
  78. [96]Wolff AJ O'Donnell AE Pulmonary effects of illicit drug use Clin Chest Med 2004 Mar 25 1 203 216 15062611
  79. [97]Shoptaw S Methamphetamine use in urban gay and bisexual populations Top HIV Med 2006 Jun–Jul 14 2 84 87 16835463
  80. [98]Des Jarlais DC Friedman SR HIV infection among intravenous drug users: epidemiology and risk reduction AIDS 1987 Jul 1 2 67 76 3130084
  81. [99]Chaisson RE Bacchetti P Osmond D Brodie B Sande MA Moss AR Cocaine use and HIV infection in intravenous drug users in San Francisco JAMA 1989 Jan 27 261 4 561 565 2909798
  82. [100]Hahn JA Page-Shafer K Lum PJ Hepatitis C virus seroconversion among young injection drug users: relationships and risks J Infect Dis 2002 Dec 1 186 11 1558 1564 12447730
  83. [101]Booth RE Watters JK Chitwood DD HIV risk-related sex behaviors among injection drug users, crack smokers, and injection drug users who smoke crack Am J Public Health 1993 Aug 83 8 1144 1148 8342724 PMC1695160
  84. [102]Edlin BR Irwin KL Faruque S Intersecting epidemics--crack cocaine use and HIV infection among inner-city young adults. Multicenter Crack Cocaine and HIV Infection Study Team N Engl J Med 1994 Nov 24 331 21 1422 1427 7969281
  85. [103]Fisher DG Reynolds GL Napper LE Use of crystal methamphetamine, Viagra, and sexual behavior Curr Opin Infect Dis Feb 23 1 53 56 19918176 PMC2872165
  86. [104]Stall R Paul JP Greenwood G Alcohol use, drug use and alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men: the Urban Men's Health Study Addiction 2001 Nov 96 11 1589 1601 11784456
  87. [105]Colfax G Coates TJ Husnik MJ Longitudinal patterns of methamphetamine, popper (amyl nitrite), and cocaine use and high-risk sexual behavior among a cohort of san francisco men who have sex with men J Urban Health 2005 Mar 82 1 Suppl 1 i62 i70 15738319 PMC3456172
  88. [106]Halkitis PN Mukherjee PP Palamar JJ Longitudinal modeling of methamphetamine use and sexual risk behaviors in gay and bisexual men AIDS Behav 2009 Aug 13 4 783 791 18661225 PMC4669892
  89. [107]Thiede H Jenkins RA Carey JW Determinants of recent HIV infection among Seattle-area men who have sex with men Am J Public Health 2009 Apr 99 Suppl 1 S157 S164 18445808 PMC2724937
  90. [108]Semple SJ Strathdee SA Zians J Patterson TL Sexual risk behavior associated with co-administration of methamphetamine and other drugs in a sample of HIV-positive men who have sex with men Am J Addict 2009 Jan–Feb 18 1 65 72 19219667 PMC3044646
  91. [109]Prestage G Jin F Kippax S Zablotska I Imrie J Grulich A Use of illicit drugs and erectile dysfunction medications and subsequent HIV infection among gay men in Sydney, Australia J Sex Med 2009 Aug 6 8 2311 2320 19493293
  92. [110]Sanchez TH Gallagher KM Factors associated with recent sildenafil (viagra) use among men who have sex with men in the United States J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006 May 42 1 95 100 16763497
  93. [111]Ostrow DG Plankey MW Cox C Specific sex drug combinations contribute to the majority of recent HIV seroconversions among MSM in the MACS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009 Jul 1 51 3 349 355 19387357 PMC3074969
  94. [113]Kulig JW Tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs: the role of the pediatrician in prevention, identification, and management of substance abuse Pediatrics 2005 Mar 115 3 816 821 15741395
  95. [114]Gynecology ACoOa Guidelines for Women's Health Care 2002 2nd edition ed. Washington, D.C.
  96. [115]Sullivan E Fleming M Co-Chairs CP A Guide to Substance Abuse Services for Primary Care Clinicians: Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 24 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment SAaMHSA, ed 1997 Rockville, MD U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 22514830
  97. [116]Zgierska A Fleming MF Ries RK Fiellin DA Miller SC Saitz R Screening and Brief Intervention Principles of Addiction Medicine 2009 Fourth Edition ed Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams andWilkins
  98. [120]Whitlock EP Polen MR Green CA Orleans T Klein J Behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce risky/harmful alcohol use by adults: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Ann Intern Med 2004 Apr 6 140 7 557 568 15068985
  99. [121]Madras BK Compton WM Avula D Stegbauer T Stein JB Clark HW Screening, brief interventions, referral to treatment (SBIRT) for illicit drug and alcohol use at multiple healthcare sites: comparison at intake and 6 months later Drug Alcohol Depend 2009 Jan 1 99 1–3 280 295 18929451 PMC2760304
  100. [122]Bernstein J Bernstein E Tassiopoulos K Heeren T Levenson S Hingson R Brief motivational intervention at a clinic visit reduces cocaine and heroin use Drug Alcohol Depend 2005 Jan 7 77 1 49 59 15607841
  101. [124]Vocci FJ Montoya ID Psychological treatments for stimulant misuse, comparing and contrasting those for amphetamine dependence and those for cocaine dependence Curr Opin Psychiatry 2009 May 22 3 263 268 19307968 PMC2825894
  102. [126]Carroll KM Nich C Ball SA McCance E Rounsavile BJ Treatment of cocaine and alcohol dependence with psychotherapy and disulfiram Addiction 1998 May 93 5 713 727 9692270
  103. [127]Maude-Griffin PM Hohenstein JM Humfleet GL Reilly PM Tusel DJ Hall SM Superior efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for urban crack cocaine abusers: main and matching effects J Consult Clin Psychol 1998 Oct 66 5 832 837 9803702
  104. [128]Monti PM Rohsenow DJ Michalec E Martin RA Abrams DB Brief coping skills treatment for cocaine abuse: substance use outcomes at three months Addiction 1997 Dec 92 12 1717 1728 9581004
  105. [129]Carroll KM Rounsaville BJ Gawin FH A comparative trial of psychotherapies for ambulatory cocaine abusers: relapse prevention and interpersonal psychotherapy Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse Sep 1991 17 3 229 247 1928019
  106. [130]Lee NK Rawson RA A systematic review of cognitive and behavioural therapies for methamphetamine dependence Drug Alcohol Rev 2008 May 27 3 309 317 18368613 PMC4445690
  107. [131]Higgins ST Tidey JW Rogers RE Ries RK Fiellin DA Miller SC Saitz R Contingency Management and the Community Reinforcement Approach Principles of Addiction Medicine 2009 Fourth Edition ed Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams andWilkins
  108. [132]Griffith JD Rowan-Szal GA Roark RR Simpson DD Contingency management in outpatient methadone treatment: a meta-analysis Drug Alcohol Depend 2000 Feb 1 58 1–2 55 66 10669055
  109. [133]Lussier JP Heil SH Mongeon JA Badger GJ Higgins ST A meta-analysis of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for substance use disorders Addiction 2006 Feb 101 2 192 203 16445548
  110. [134]Prendergast ML Podus D Chang E Urada D The effectiveness of drug abuse treatment: a meta-analysis of comparison group studies Drug Alcohol Depend 2002 Jun 1 67 1 53 72 12062779
  111. [135]Epstein DH Hawkins WE Covi L Umbricht A Preston KL Cognitive-behavioral therapy plus contingency management for cocaine use: findings during treatment and across 12-month follow-up Psychol Addict Behav 2003 Mar 17 1 73 82 12665084 PMC1224747
  112. [136]Higgins ST Wong CJ Badger GJ Ogden DE Dantona RL Contingent reinforcement increases cocaine abstinence during outpatient treatment and 1 year of follow-up J Consult Clin Psychol 2000 Feb 68 1 64 72 10710841
  113. [137]Petry NM Alessi SM Hanson T Contingency management improves abstinence and quality of life in cocaine abusers J Consult Clin Psychol 2007 Apr 75 2 307 315 17469888
  114. [138]Secades-Villa R Garcia-Rodriguez O Higgins ST Fernandez-Hermida JR Carballo JL Community reinforcement approach plus vouchers for cocaine dependence in a community setting in Spain: six-month outcomes J Subst Abuse Treat 2008 Mar 34 2 202 207 17512158
  115. [141]Shoptaw S Reback CJ Peck JA Behavioral treatment approaches for methamphetamine dependence and HIV-related sexual risk behaviors among urban gay and bisexual men Drug Alcohol Depend 2005 May 9 78 2 125 134 15845315
  116. [142]Lima MS Reisser AA Soares BG Farrell M Antidepressants for cocaine dependence Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003 2 CD002950 12804445
  117. [143]Elkashef A Holmes TH Bloch DA Retrospective analyses of pooled data from CREST I and CREST II trials for treatment of cocaine dependence Addiction 2005 Mar 100 Suppl 1 91 101 15730353
  118. [144]Moeller FG Schmitz JM Steinberg JL Citalopram combined with behavioral therapy reduces cocaine use: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2007 33 3 367 378 17613964
  119. [145]Poling J Oliveto A Petry N Six-month trial of bupropion with contingency management for cocaine dependence in a methadone-maintained population Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006 Feb 63 2 219 228 16461866

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ciccarone, D.
Affiliations
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Ciccarone, Daniel
ORCID
Ciccarone, Daniel
Venue
Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-03
Volume
38
Issue
1
Pages
41-58
ISSN
0095-4543 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.pop.2010.11.004
PMC
PMC3056348
OpenAlex
W2154960645
Cited by
200
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
FWCI
1.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Keywords
stimulant abuse, cocaine, methamphetamine, pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, addiction treatment, screening, primary care, substance use disorders
MeSH terms
Amphetamine, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Cocaine, Humans, Methamphetamine, Primary Health Care, United States, HIV Infections, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, Substance-Related Disorders, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, Cocaine-Related Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review