The DOI matches its Crossref record; 135 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The bisretinoids of retinal pigment epithelium
Open accessAbstract
The retina exhibits an inherent autofluorescence that is imaged ophthalmoscopically as fundus autofluorescence. In clinical settings, fundus autofluorescence examination aids in the diagnosis and follow-up of many retinal disorders. Fundus autofluorescence originates from the complex mixture of bisretinoid fluorophores that are amassed by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells as lipofuscin. Unlike the lipofuscin found in other cell-types, this material does not form as a result of oxidative stress. Rather, the formation is attributable to non-enzymatic reactions of vitamin A aldehyde in photoreceptor cells; transfer to RPE occurs upon phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. These fluorescent pigments accumulate even in healthy photoreceptor cells and are generated as a consequence of the light capturing function of the cells. Nevertheless, the formation of this material is accelerated in some retinal disorders including recessive Stargardt disease and ELOVL4-related retinal degeneration. As such, these bisretinoid side-products are implicated in the disease processes that threaten vision. In this article, we review our current understanding of the composition of RPE lipofuscin, the structural characteristics of the various bisretinoids, their related spectroscopic features and the biosynthetic pathways by which they form. We will revisit factors known to influence the extent of the accumulation and therapeutic strategies being used to limit bisretinoid formation. Given their origin from vitamin A aldehyde, an isomer of the visual pigment chromophore, it is not surprising that the bisretinoids of retina are light sensitive molecules. Accordingly, we will discuss recent findings that implicate the photodegradation of bisretinoid in the etiology of age-related macular degeneration.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Dysfunction of such processes as phagocytosis, lysosomal degradation, and removal of waste products by the RPE can lead to severe retinopathies, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD).”
From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [270]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As A2E can not be further metabolized and as RPE cells are postmitotic, A2E and related bisretinoids accumulate in the RPE in the form of lipofuscin deposits.”
From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although abundant lipofuscin accumulation is involved in the aetiology of certain retinal diseases (e.g., AMD, Best disease and ABCA4-retinopathy), it accumulates at a lower level also with age in the RPE of healthy eyes [9,72,73,74,75].”
From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Lipofuscin is an autofluorescent cellular waste product that compromises the function and viability of RPE cells and ultimately results in photoreceptor degeneration and a loss of vision [54,69,73,74,75].”
From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the membranes of outer photoreceptor segments are nonenzymatically formed toxic bisretinoids. Upon phagocytosis, these bisretinoids are in the acidic environment of RPE phagolysosomes converted to bisretinoid pyridinium compound A2E and related bisretinoids [54,69,70,71,72,73,74].”
From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Several potentially toxic byproducts are condensation compounds derived from all-trans-retinal.”
From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [270]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“They also increase with age because they are delivered from photoreceptors (at least the first steps of condensation reaction occur in ROS) by daily phagocytosis.”
From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [270]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Second, bis-retinoids constitute the major extractable component of lipofuscin (Kim et al., 2007; Sparrow et al., 2012).”
From New insights into retinoid metabolism and cycling within the retina (2013) · cites this paper as Sparrow et al., 2012
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration
Klein, R. J., Zeiss, C., Chew, E. Y., Tsai, J.-Y., Sackler, R. S., Haynes, C., Henning, A. K., SanGiovanni, J. P., Mane, S. M., Mayne, S. T., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1109557 · Cited by 4,492
Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration
Edwards, A. O., Ritter, R., Abel, K. J., Manning, A., Panhuysen, C., & Farrer, L. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110189 · Cited by 2,449
Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration
Haines, J. L., Hauser, M. A., Schmidt, S., Scott, W. K., Olson, L. M., Gallins, P., Spencer, K. L., Kwan, S. Y., Noureddine, M., Gilbert, J. R., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110359 · Cited by 2,424
Hageman, G. S., Anderson, D. H., Johnson, L. V., Hancox, L. S., Taiber, A. J., Hardisty, L. I., Hageman, J. L., Stockman, H. A., Borchardt, J. D., Gehrs, K. M., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501536102 · Cited by 1,961
Allikmets, R., Singh, N., Sun, H., Shroyer, N. F., Hutchinson, A., Chidambaram, A., Gerrard, B., Baird, L., Stauffer, D., Peiffer, A., et al. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0397-236 · Cited by 1,435 · cited 1×
“ABCA4 is the gene responsible for recessive Stargardt disease (Allikmets et al., 1997).”
BackgroundChemistry and metabolism of lipids in the vertebrate retina
Fliesler, A. J., & Anderson, R. E. (1983) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/0163-7827(83)90004-8 · Cited by 1,052
Delori, F. C., Dorey, C. K., Staurenghi, G., Arend, O., Goger, D. G., & Weiter, J. J. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 938
Brunk, U. T., & Terman, A. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00959-0 · Cited by 919
Weng, J., Mata, N. L., Azarian, S. M., Tzekov, R. T., Birch, D. G., & Travis, G. H. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80602-9 · Cited by 881 · cited 9×
“…to cytosolic retinol dehydrogenases, a group of enzymes that reduce vitamin A aldehyde to the non-reactive alcohol form (Beharry et al., 2004; Molday et al., 2000; Molday and Molday, 1979; Papermaster et al., 1978; Sun et al., 1999; Sun and Nathans, 1997, 2001a, b; Weng et al., 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialSparrow, J. R., Nakanishi, K., & Parish, C. A. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 566
Self-citationRetinal pigment epithelial lipofuscin and melanin and choroidal melanin in human eyes.
Weiter, J. J., Delori, F. C., Wing, G. L., & Fitch, K. A. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 565
Cremers, F. P. M. (1998) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/7.3.355 · Cited by 548
RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase in the retinoid visual cycle
Moiseyev, G., Chen, Y., Takahashi, Y., Wu, B. X., & Ma, J.-X. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503460102 · Cited by 536
Chio, K. S., & Tappel, A. L. (1969) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00835a019 · Cited by 490
Parish, C. A., Hashimoto, M., Nakanishi, K., Dillon, J., & Sparrow, J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14609 · Cited by 474
Self-citationGlutathione in Defense and Signaling
Dickinson, D. A., & Forman, H. J. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04690.x · Cited by 472
Mata, N. L., Weng, J., & Travis, G. H. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.130110497 · Cited by 456
Zhang, K., Kniazeva, M., Han, M., Li, W., Yu, Z., Yang, Z., Li, Y., Metzker, M. L., Allikmets, R. L., Zack, D. J., et al. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/83817 · Cited by 453
Blue Light-induced Reactivity of Retinal Age Pigment
Rôżanowska, M., Jarvis-Evans, J., Korytowski, W., Boulton, M. E., Burke, J. M., & Sarna, T. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.32.18825 · Cited by 426
Fundus autofluorescence and development of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration.
Holz, F. G., Bellman, C., STAUDT, S., Schütt, F., & Völcher, H. E. (2002) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(01)01394-0 · Cited by 426
Age-related accumulation and spatial distribution of lipofuscin in RPE of normal subjects.
Delori, F. C., Goger, D. G., & Dorey, C. K. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 424
Rpe65 is the retinoid isomerase in bovine retinal pigment epithelium
Jin, M., Li, S., Moghrabi, W. N., Sun, H., & Travis, G. H. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.042 · Cited by 424
Redmond, T. M., Poliakov, E., Yu, S., Tsai, J.-Y., Lu, Z., & Gentleman, S. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504167102 · Cited by 409
The topography and age relationship of lipofuscin concentration in the retinal pigment epithelium.
Wing, G. L., Blanchard, G. C., & Weiter, J. J. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 394
The susceptibility of the retina to photochemical damage from visible light
Hunter, J. J., Morgan, J. I. W., Merigan, W. H., Sliney, D. H., Sparrow, J. R., & Williams, D. R. (2011) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.11.001 · Cited by 370
Self-citationDSPP mutation in dentinogenesis imperfecta Shields type II
Zhang, X., Zhao, J. L., Li, C., Gao, S., Qiu, C., Liu, P., Wu, G., Qiang, B., Lo, W. H. Y., & Shen, Y. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/84765 · Cited by 370
Zhou, J., Jang, Y. P., Kim, S. R., & Sparrow, J. R. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0604255103 · Cited by 358
Self-citationSun, H., Molday, R. S., & Nathans, J. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.12.8269 · Cited by 353
A2E, a lipofuscin fluorophore, in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells in culture.
Sparrow, J. R., Parish, C. A., Hashimoto, M., & Nakanishi, K. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 310
Self-citationRetinopathy in Mice Induced by Disrupted All-trans-retinal Clearance
Maeda, A., Maeda, T., Golczak, M., & Palczewski, K. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m804505200 · Cited by 300
Allocca, M., Doria, M., Petrillo, M., Colella, P., Garcia-Hoyos, M., Gibbs, D., Kim, S. R., Maguire, A., Rex, T. S., Di Vicino, U., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci34316 · Cited by 292
Self-citationPhotodamage to human RPE cells by A2-E, a retinoid component of lipofuscin.
Schütt, F., Davies, S., Kopitz, J., Holz, F. G., & Boulton, M. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 292
Involvement of oxidative mechanisms in blue-light-induced damage to A2E-laden RPE.
Sparrow, J. R., Zhou, J., Ben‐Shabat, S., Vollmer-Snarr, H. R., Itagaki, Y., & Nakanishi, K. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 284
Self-citationAgbaga, M., Brush, R. S., Mandal, M. N. A., Henry, K. R., Elliott, M. H., & Anderson, R. E. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0802607105 · Cited by 276
Fundus autofluorescence in age-related macular disease imaged with a laser scanning ophthalmoscope
Struharova, K., & Černák, M. (2012) · Bratislavské lekárske listy/Bratislava medical journal · doi:10.4149/bll_2012_026 · Cited by 274
ABCR expression in foveal cone photoreceptors and its role in Stargardt macular dystrophy
Molday, L. L., Rabin, A. R., & Molday, R. S. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/77004 · Cited by 269
Liu, J., Itagaki, Y., Ben-Shabat, S., Nakanishi, K., & Sparrow, J. R. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m910191199 · Cited by 255
Self-citationStargardt's ABCR is localized to the disc membrane of retinal rod outer segments
Sun, H., & Nathans, J. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0997-15 · Cited by 251
Janecke, A. R., Thompson, D. A., Utermann, G., Becker, C., Hübner, C. A., Schmid, E., McHenry, C. L., Nair, A. R., Rüschendorf, F., Heckenlively, J., et al. (2004) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1394 · Cited by 246
Quantitative Measurements of Autofluorescence with the Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope
Delori, F. C., Greenberg, J. P., Woods, R. L., Fischer, J., Duncker, T., Sparrow, J. R., & Smith, R. T. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8319 · Cited by 244
Self-citationFundus autofluorescence and development of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration.
Holz, F. G., Bellman, C., STAUDT, S., Schütt, F., & Völcker, H. E. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 242
Increase in the advanced glycation end product pentosidine in Bruch's membrane with age.
Handa, J. T., Verzijl, N., Matsunaga, H., Aotaki-Keen, A. E., Lutty, G. A., Koppele, J. M. T., Miyata, T., & Hjelmeland, L. M. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 237
Papermaster, D. S., Schneider, B., Zorn, M., & Kraehenbühl, J. P. (1978) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.78.2.415 · Cited by 237
SOD2 knockdown mouse model of early AMD
Justilien, V., Pang, J.-J., Renganathan, K., Zhan, X., Crabb, J. W., Kim, S. R., Sparrow, J. R., Hauswirth, W. W., & Lewin, A. S. (2007) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0432 · Cited by 234
Self-citationBoulton, M. E., Docchio, F., Dayhaw‐Barker, P., Ramponi, R., & Cubeddu, R. (1990) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(90)90003-4 · Cited by 233
Blue Light-Induced Singlet Oxygen Generation by Retinal Lipofuscin in Non-Polar Media
Rôżanowska, M., Wessels, J. M., Boulton, M. E., Burke, J. M., Rodgers, M. A. J., Truscott, T. G., & Sarna, T. (1998) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00395-x · Cited by 227
Kong, J., Kim, S.-R., Binley, K. E., Pata, I., Doi, K., Männik, J., Zernant-Rajang, J., Kan, O., Iqball, S., Naylor, S., et al. (2008) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2008.78 · Cited by 214
Self-citationBiosynthetic Studies of A2E, a Major Fluorophore of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Lipofuscin
Ben-Shabat, S., Parish, C. A., Vollmer, H. R., Itagaki, Y., Fishkin, N., Nakanishi, K., & Sparrow, J. R. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m108981200 · Cited by 214
Self-citationHistopathology and immunocytochemistry of the neurosensory retina in fundus flavimaculatus.
Birnbach, C., Järveläínen, M., Possin, D., & Milam, A. (1994) · Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.) · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(13)31725-4 · Cited by 212
Peroxidation of Subcellular Organelles: Formation of Lipofuscinlike Fluorescent Pigments
Chio, K. S., Reiss, U., Fletcher, B., & Tappel, A. L. (1969) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.166.3912.1535 · Cited by 209
In Vivo Autofluorescence Imaging of the Human and Macaque Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Mosaic
Morgan, J. I. W., Dubra, A., Wolfe, R., Merigan, W. H., & Williams, D. R. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2618 · Cited by 208
Autofluorescence distribution associated with drusen in age-related macular degeneration.
Delori, F. C., Fleckner, M. R., Goger, D. G., Weiter, J. J., & Dorey, C. K. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 207
Fundus autofluorescence in age-related macular disease imaged with a laser scanning ophthalmoscope.
von Rückmann, A., Fitzke, F. W., & Bird, A. C. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 206
Lipids of ocular tissues. 6. Phospholipids of bovine rod outer segments
Anderson, R. E., & Maude, M. B. (1970) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00820a019 · Cited by 205
PHOTOPHYSICAL STUDIES ON HUMAN RETINAL LIPOFUSCIN
Gaillard, E. R., Atherton, S. J., Eldred, G. E., & Dillon, J. P. (1995) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb02343.x · Cited by 203
Phospholipid meets all-trans-retinal: the making of RPE bisretinoids
Sparrow, J. R., Wu, Y., Kim, C. Y., & Zhou, J. (2010) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r000687 · Cited by 193
Self-citationAge-related changes in human RPE cell density and apoptosis proportion in situ.
Priore, L. V. D., Kuo, Y.-H., & Tezel, T. H. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 191
Radu, R. A., Yuan, Q., Hu, J., Peng, J. H., Lloyd, M., Nusinowitz, S., Bok, D., & Travis, G. H. (2008) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1470 · Cited by 188
ABCA4 disease progression and a proposed strategy for gene therapy
Cideciyan, A. V., Swider, M., Aleman, T. S., Tsybovsky, Y., Schwartz, S. B., Windsor, E. A. M., Roman, A. J., Sumaroka, A., Steinberg, J. D., Jacobson, S. G., et al. (2009) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn421 · Cited by 186
Advanced Glycation End Products in Age-related Macular Degeneration
Ishibashi, T. (1998) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.116.12.1629 · Cited by 184
Molday, R. S., Zhong, M., & Quazi, F. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.004 · Cited by 182
Karan, G., Lillo, C., Yang, Z., Cameron, D. J., Locke, K. G., Zhao, Y., Thirumalaichary, S., Li, C., Birch, D. G., Vollmer-Snarr, H. R., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407698102 · Cited by 182
Lois, N., Owens, S. L., Coco, R. M., Hopkins, J. J., Fitzke, F. W., & Bird, A. C. (2002) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(01)01404-0 · Cited by 181
Beharry, S., Zhong, M., & Molday, R. S. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m405216200 · Cited by 174
Lorenz, B., Wabbels, B., Wegscheider, E., Hamel, C. P., Drexler, W., & Preising, M. N. (2004) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.01.033 · Cited by 172
Retinal ultrastructure in advanced retinitis pigmentosa.
Szamier, R. B., & Berson, E. L. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 165
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Lipofuscin Proteomics
Ng, K.-P., Gugiu, B., Renganathan, K., Davies, M. W., Gu, X., Crabb, J. S., Kim, S. R., Różanowska, M. B., Bonilha, V. L., Rayborn, M. E., et al. (2008) · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · doi:10.1074/mcp.m700525-mcp200 · Cited by 162
Self-citationRadu, R. A., Hu, J., Yuan, Q., Welch, D. L., Makshanoff, J., Lloyd, M., McMullen, S., Travis, G. H., & Bok, D. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.191866 · Cited by 157
Marmorstein, A. D., Marmorstein, L. Y., Sakaguchi, H., & Hollyfield, J. G. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 154
Wu, Y., Yanase, E., Feng, X., Siegel, M. M., & Sparrow, J. R. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0913112107 · Cited by 152
Self-citationInfluence of early photoreceptor degeneration on lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium
Katz, M. L., Drea, C. M., Eldred, G. E., Hess, H. H., & Robison, W. G. (1986) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(86)80023-9 · Cited by 149
Lipofuscin: Resolution of Discrepant Fluorescence Data
Eldred, G. E., Miller, G. V., Stark, W. S., & Feeney-Burns, L. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7079738 · Cited by 148
Fishkin, N. E., Sparrow, J. R., Allikmets, R., & Nakanishi, K. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501266102 · Cited by 146
Self-citationKim, S. R., Jang, Y. P., Jockusch, S., Fishkin, N. E., Turro, N. J., & Sparrow, J. R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0708714104 · Cited by 145
Self-citationRobson, A. G., Michaelides, M., Saihan, Z., Bird, A. C., Webster, A. R., Moore, A. T., Fitzke, F. W., & Holder, G. E. (2007) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/s10633-007-9087-4 · Cited by 145
Kim, S. R., Fishkin, N. E., Kong, J., Nakanishi, K., Allikmets, R. L., & Sparrow, J. R. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0403499101 · Cited by 144
Self-citationFeeney-Burns, L., & Ge, E. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 143
Complement Activation by Bisretinoid Constituents of RPE Lipofuscin
Zhou, J., Kim, S. R., Westlund, B. S., & Sparrow, J. R. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2868 · Cited by 139
Self-citation(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 136
Interpretations of Fundus Autofluorescence from Studies of the Bisretinoids of the Retina
Sparrow, J. R., Yoon, K. D., Wu, Y., & Yamamoto, K. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5852 · Cited by 132
Self-citationGolczak, M., Kuksa, V., Maeda, T., Moise, A. R., & Palczewski, K. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503318102 · Cited by 124
Shroyer, N. F., Lewis, R. A., Allikmets, R. L., Singh, N., Dean, M. C., Leppert, M., & Lupski, J. R. (1999) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00037-1 · Cited by 121
Photoreactivity of aged human RPE melanosomes: a comparison with lipofuscin.
Rôżanowska, M., Korytowski, W., Różanowski, B., Skumatz, C. M. B., Boulton, M. E., Burke, J. M., & Sarna, T. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 119
Jang, Y. P., Matsuda, H., Itagaki, Y., Nakanishi, K., & Sparrow, J. R. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m504933200 · Cited by 119
Self-citationLipid to Protein Chromophore Transfer in the Photolysis of Visual Pigments
Poincelot, R. P., Millar, P. G., Kimbel, R. L., & Abrahamson, E. W. (1969) · Nature · doi:10.1038/221256a0 · Cited by 116
Glenn, J. V., Beattie, J. R., Barrett, L. J., Frizzell, N., Thorpe, S. R., Boulton, M. E., McGarvey, J. J., & Stitt, A. W. (2007) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-7896com · Cited by 111
Fundus autofluorescence and the bisretinoids of retina
Sparrow, J. R., Wu, Y., Nagasaki, T., Yoon, K. D., Yamamoto, K., & Zhou, J. (2010) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c0pp00207k · Cited by 107
Self-citationSmall Molecule RPE65 Antagonists Limit the Visual Cycle and Prevent Lipofuscin Formation
Maiti, P., Kong, J., Kim, S. R., Sparrow, J. R., Allikmets, R. L., & Rando, R. R. (2005) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi0518545 · Cited by 106
Self-citationMethylglyoxal Can Modify GAPDH Activity and Structure
Lee, H. J., Howell, S. K., SANFORD, R. J., & Beisswenger, P. J. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1333.017 · Cited by 104
Wu, Y., Fishkin, N. E., Pande, A., Pande, J., & Sparrow, J. R. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.021345 · Cited by 103
Self-citationProteome analysis of lipofuscin in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Schütt, F., Ueberle, B., Schnölzer, M., Holz, F. G., & Kopitz, J. (2002) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03312-4 · Cited by 102
Molday, R. S., & Molday, L. L. (1979) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30060-1 · Cited by 99
Sun, H., & Nathans, J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m010152200 · Cited by 93
Lipofuscin autofluorescence: evidence for vitamin A involvement in the retina
Katz, M. L., Eldred, G. E., & Robison, W. G. (1987) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/0047-6374(87)90088-1 · Cited by 88
Rôżanowska, M. (2004) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0277 · Cited by 88
Carmeli, I., Skákalová, V., Naaman, R., & Vager, Z. (2002) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20020301)41:5 · Cited by 85
Self-citationGrayson, C., & Molday, R. S. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m503411200 · Cited by 84
Robson, A. G., Michaelides, M., Luong, V., Holder, G. E., Bird, A. C., Webster, A. R., Moore, A. T., & Fitzke, F. W. (2007) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.124008 · Cited by 80
Tanito, M., Brush, R. S., Elliott, M. H., Wicker, L. D., Henry, K. R., & Anderson, R. E. (2008) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m800170-jlr200 · Cited by 80
Farboud, B., Aotaki-Keen, A. E., Miyata, T., Hjelmeland, L. M., & Handa, J. T. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 80
Roberts, J. E., Kukielczak, B. M., Hu, D., Miller, D. S., Bilski, P. J., Sik, R. H., Motten, A. G., & Chignell, C. F. (2002) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750184troaip2.0.co2 · Cited by 79
Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration in Abcr –/– Mice
Wu, L., Nagasaki, T., & Sparrow, J. R. (2009) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1399-9_61 · Cited by 77
Self-citationComparison of the Aerobic Photoreactivity of A2E with its Precursor Retinal¶
Pawlak, A. M., Wrona, M., Rôżanowska, M., Zaręba, M., Lamb, L. E., Roberts, J. E., Simon, J. D., & Sarna, T. (2003) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770253cotapo2.0.co2 · Cited by 74
The autofluorescent products of lipid peroxidation may not be lipofuscin-like
Eldred, G. E., & Katz, M. (1989) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(89)90007-5 · Cited by 69
A2-Rhodopsin: a new fluorophore isolated from photoreceptor outer segments
Fishkin, N. E., Jang, Y. P., Itagaki, Y., Sparrow, J. R., & Nakanishi, K. (2003) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b212213h · Cited by 69
Self-citationTHE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN RETINAL LIPOFUSCIN AS STUDIED BY EPR
Reszka, K. J., Eldred, G. E., Wang, R., Chignell, C. F., & Dillon, J. P. (1995) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb02400.x · Cited by 68
Karan, G., Yang, Z., Howes, K. A., Zhao, Y., Chen, Y., Cameron, D. J., Lin, Y., Pearson, E., & Zhang, K. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 65
Zhong, M., Molday, L. L., & Molday, R. S. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m806580200 · Cited by 64
Sun, H., & Nathans, J. (2001) · Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes · doi:10.1023/a:1012883306823 · Cited by 63
Lyubarsky, A., Savchenko, A. B., Morocco, S. B., Daniele, L. L., Redmond, T. M., & Pugh, E. N. (2005) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi0505363 · Cited by 63
Vasireddy, V., Vijayasarathy, C., Huang, J., Wang, X. F., Jablonski, M. M., Petty, H. R., Sieving, P. A., & Ayyagari, R. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 59
Warburton, S., Southwick, K., Hardman, R. M., Secrest, A. M., Grow, R. K., Xin, H., Woolley, A. T., Burton, G. F., & Thulin, C. D. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 57
Rdh12 activity and effects on retinoid processing in the murine retina
Chrispell, J. D., Feathers, K. L., Kane, M. A., Kim, C. Y., Brooks, M., Khanna, R., Kurth, I., Hübner, C. A., Gal, A., Mears, A. J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.020966 · Cited by 56
Self-citationSinglet-oxygen Generation from A2E¶
Kanofsky, J. R., Sima, P. D., & Richter, C. (2003) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770235sogfa2.0.co2 · Cited by 55
Subunit structure and activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from spinach chloroplasts
Ferri, G., Comerio, G., Ladarola, P., Zapponi, M. C., & Speranza, M. L. (1978) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Enzymology · doi:10.1016/0005-2744(78)90318-2 · Cited by 53
A Novel Bisretinoid of Retina Is an Adduct on Glycerophosphoethanolamine
Yamamoto, K., Yoon, K. D., Ueda, K., Hashimoto, M., & Sparrow, J. R. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8632 · Cited by 53
Self-citationSpatial localization of A2E in the retinal pigment epithelium
Grey, A. C., Crouch, R. K., Koutalos, Y., Schey, K. L., & Ablonczy, Z. (2011) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-7020 · Cited by 52
Sparrow, J. R., Kim, S. R., Cuervo, A. M., & Bandhyopadhyayand, U. (2007) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74904-4_46 · Cited by 52
Self-citationMajji, A. B., Cao, J. M., Chang, K. Y., Hayashi, A., Aggarwal, S., Grebe, R. R., & de Juan, E. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 51
Clinical-ultrastructural study of a retinal dystrophy.
Milam, A. H., Kalina, R. E., & Pagon, R. A. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 51
Rapid, Noninvasive Detection of Diabetes-Induced Retinal Metabolic Stress
Field, M. G. (2008) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.126.7.934 · Cited by 50
Nusinowitz, S., Nguyen, L., Radu, R. A., Kashani, Z., Farber, D. B., & Danciger, M. (2003) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00217-3 · Cited by 48
Vasireddy, V., Jablonski, M. M., Khan, N. W., Wang, X., Sahu, P., Sparrow, J. R., & Ayyagari, R. (2009) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2009.07.021 · Cited by 47
Self-citationAction spectra for the photoconsumption of oxygen by human ocular lipofuscin and lipofuscin extracts
Pawlak, A. M., Rôżanowska, M., Zaręba, M., Lamb, L. E., Simon, J. D., & Sarna, T. (2002) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00260-6 · Cited by 41
Retinal Degenerations: Biology, Diagnostics and Therapeutics
(2008) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2008.00307.x · Cited by 41
Primary Photophysical Properties of A2E in Solution
Lamb, L. E., Ye, T., Haralampus-Grynaviski, N. M., Williams, T., Pawlak, A. M., Sarna, T., & Simon, J. D. (2001) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp0123177 · Cited by 40
Kindzelskii, A. L., & Petty, H. R. (2003) · European Biophysics Journal · doi:10.1007/s00249-003-0361-4 · Cited by 35
Characterization of Dihydro-A2PE: An Intermediate in the A2E Biosynthetic Pathway
Kim, S. R., He, J., Yanase, E., Jang, Y. P., Berova, N. D., Sparrow, J. R., & Nakanishi, K. (2007) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi7009635 · Cited by 32
Self-citationThe lipid peroxidation theory of lipofuscinogenesis cannot yet be confirmed
Eldred, G. E., & Katz, M. L. (1991) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(91)90054-7 · Cited by 31
Chowdhury, P. K., Halder, M., Choudhury, P. K., et al. (2004) · PubMed · doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2004)79<21:gofaom>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 29
(2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79401-1_4 · Cited by 27
Lipofuscin of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
(2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71994-6_1 · Cited by 20
Recovery of Rod Photoresponses in ABCR-Deficient Mice
Pawar, A. S., Qtaishat, N. M., Little, D. M., & Pepperberg, D. R. (2008) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1499 · Cited by 19
Rein, D., & TAPPEL, A. (1998) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00449-8 · Cited by 7
Kossodo, S. C., Wong, W., Simon, G., & Kochevar, I. E. (2004) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2004)79 · Cited by 6
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Majji, 2000, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 41, 3936
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Age-related macular degeneration
Guymer, R. H., & Campbell, T. G. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02609-5 · Cited by 541
Nanotechnology-based strategies for treatment of ocular disease
Weng, Y., Liu, J., Jin, S., Guo, W., Liang, X., & Hu, Z. (2016) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2016.09.001 · Cited by 376
Stargardt disease: clinical features, molecular genetics, animal models and therapeutic options
Tanna, P., Strauss, R. W., Fujinami, K., & Michaelides, M. (2016) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308823 · Cited by 371
Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle
Kiser, P. D., Golczak, M., & Palczewski, K. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400107q · Cited by 353
Cremers, F. P. M., Lee, W., Collin, R. W. J., & Allikmets, R. (2020) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100861 · Cited by 315
Metadata
- Authors
- Sparrow, J. R., Gregory-Roberts, E., Yamamoto, K., Blonska, A., Ghosh, S. K., Ueda, K., & Zhou, J.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sparrow, Janet R.
- Venue
- Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 121-135
- ISSN
- 1350-9462 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3288746
- OpenAlex
- W2019731198
- Cited by
- 392
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R01EY012951, EY 12951, P30EY019007)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Keywords
- bisretinoids, retinal pigment epithelium, lipofuscin, fundus autofluorescence, vitamin A aldehyde, photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis, Stargardt disease, age-related macular degeneration, photodegradation, retinal degeneration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cattle, Fluorescence, Humans, Lipofuscin, Macular Degeneration, Retinaldehyde, Retinoids, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Molecular Structure, Mice, Rats, Retinal Pigment Epithelium
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
