The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The swollen polymer network hypothesis: Quantitative models of hydrogel swelling, stiffness, and solute transport
Open accessAbstract
Abstract The introduction of the work Makromolekule by Herman Staudinger in 1919 brings back an understanding of the very early days of polymer science when characterizing the molecular structure of exact networks was a main goal of research. Here, we present updates to a swollen polymer network hypothesis with a focus on hydrogel physical properties. We discuss the connections between hydrogel structure, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and transport properties, including the most substantial developments since the original Flory-Rehner model (1944) of swollen polymer networks. In addition to analyzing well-established and recent contributions to the swollen polymer network hypothesis, we introduce novel amendments that combine the insights of existing models. We suggest that coordinating rubberlike elasticity theory, equilibrium swelling theory, and mesh size theory will help to develop a universal predictive model for swelling, stiffness, and solute diffusivities in a diverse array of hydrogel formulations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Principles of polymer chemistry
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2140 · Cited by 15,218
Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics
de Gennes, P. G., & Witten, T. A. (1980) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.2914118 · Cited by 9,348
Statistical mechanics of chain molecules
Flory, P. J., & Volkenstein, M. (1969) · Biopolymers · doi:10.1002/bip.1969.360080514 · Cited by 6,427
Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery
Li, J., & Mooney, D. J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.71 · Cited by 4,832
Statistical Mechanics of Cross-Linked Polymer Networks II. Swelling
Flory, P. J., & Rehner, J. (1943) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1723792 · Cited by 3,865
The Physics of Rubber Elasticity
Treloar, L. R. G., & Montgomery, D. J. (1959) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3060678 · Cited by 3,787
Hydrogels in regenerative medicine
Slaughter, B. V., Khurshid, S. S., Fisher, O. Z., Khademhosseini, A., & Peppas, N. A. (2009) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200802106 · Cited by 2,703
Self-citationStatistical Mechanics of Cross-Linked Polymer Networks I. Rubberlike Elasticity
Flory, P. J., & Rehner, J. (1943) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1723791 · Cited by 2,421
The Physics of Rubber Elasticity
G.Treloar, L. R. (2005) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198570271.001.0001 · Cited by 2,253
Hydrogels in controlled release formulations: Network design and mathematical modeling
Lin, C.-C., & Metters, A. T. (2006) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.004 · Cited by 1,768
Cited by
Natural Hydrogel-Based Bio-Inks for 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering: A Review
Fatimi, A., Okoro, O. V., Podstawczyk, D., Siminska-Stanny, J., & Shavandi, A. (2022) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels8030179 · Cited by 276
Hydrogel network architecture design space: impact on mechanical and viscoelastic properties
Roca-Arroyo, A. F., Gutierrez-Rivera, J. A., Morton, L. D., & Castilla-Casadiego, D. A. (2025) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels11080588 · Cited by 88
Bhattacharjee, P., & Ahearne, M. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13030319 · Cited by 66
Rivera, K. O., Cuylear, D. L., Duke, V. R., O’Hara, K. M., Zhong, J. X., Elghazali, N. A., Finbloom, J. A., Kharbikar, B. N., Kryger, A. N., Miclau, T., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190371 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Richbourg, N. R., & Peppas, N. A.
- Venue
- Progress in Polymer Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 105
- Pages
- 101243
- ISSN
- 0079-6700 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3023026454
- Cited by
- 367
- References
- 69
- FWCI
- 11.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The swollen polymer network hypothesis: Quantitative models of hydrogel swelling, stiffness, and solute transport. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101243
- The paper
- Richbourg, N. R., & Peppas, N. A. (2020). The swollen polymer network hypothesis: Quantitative models of hydrogel swelling, stiffness, and solute transport. Progress in Polymer Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101243
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.