Cited by 122Digital Mental Health InterventionsMobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsMental Health Research Topics

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A randomized controlled trial on a smartphone self-help application (Be Good to Yourself) to reduce depressive symptoms

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Lüdtke, Thies, Pult, Lilian Klara, Schröder, Johanna, Moritz, Steffen, Bücker, Lara·2018·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.113

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Abstract

Depressive symptoms are common, yet only a subgroup of individuals receive adequate treatment. To reduce the treatment gap, several online self-help programs have been developed, yielding small to moderate effects. We developed a smartphone self-help application addressing depressive symptoms. We sought to evaluate its feasibility and efficacy in participants reporting a subjective need for help (a diagnosis of depression was not mandatory). We conducted a randomized controlled trial (N = 90). The primary outcome was a reduction of depressive symptoms measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Secondary outcomes included improved self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). The intervention group obtained access to the application for four weeks, the wait-list group received access after the post assessment. No group differences emerged in either outcome in intention-to-treat analyses. Per protocol analyses with frequent users (i.e., several times a week or more) yielded a small effect size (η 2p = 0.049) at trend level on the reduction of depressive symptoms in favor of the treatment group. However, 39% of the participants did not use the application frequently. Mobile self-help applications represent a promising addition to existing treatments, but it is important to increase patients' motivation to use them.

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Authors: Lüdtke, T., Pult, L. K., Schröder, J., Moritz, S., & Bücker, L.
Affiliations: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
Corresponding author: Lüdtke, Thies
ORCID: Lüdtke, Thies
Pult, Lilian Klara
Schröder, Johanna
Moritz, Steffen
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-11
Volume: 269
Pages: 753-762
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.113
OpenAlex: W2889419542
Cited by: 122
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 8
FWCI: 24.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: depressive symptoms, mobile mental health, self-esteem, quality of life, treatment gap, user engagement, PHQ-9
MeSH terms: Smartphone, Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Self Care, Self Concept, Self Report, Mobile Applications

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A randomized controlled trial on a smartphone self-help application (Be Good to Yourself) to reduce depressive symptoms

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