Cited by 345Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Psychometric properties of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) in a large representative sample of Finnish adolescents

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Tiirikainen, Kati, Haravuori, Henna, Ranta, Klaus, Kaltiala-Heino, Riittakerttu, Marttunen, Mauri·2019·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.004

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Abstract

Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are common among adolescents and can lead to severe psychosocial impairment, yet there is a lack of a good quality scale to measure symptoms of generalized anxiety in young people. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) is a self-report scale used to measure GAD symptoms and has been validated in adult populations, but the measure's psychometric properties regarding adolescents are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, factorial validity, and construct validity of the GAD-7 in adolescents in a nationally representative sample from a general population. Our study was based on Finnish survey data on 111,171 adolescents aged 14-18 years. Our results show that the GAD-7 demonstrates good psychometric properties in adolescents. The internal consistency of the GAD-7 was good (Cronbach's α = 0.91) and the instrument's unidimensional factor structure was supported. The associations of GAD-7 sum scores with self-report measures of depression and social anxiety supported construct validity. The psychometric properties of the GAD-7 in this sample of adolescents were similar to those reported among adults. However, studies in which diagnostic interviews are performed are needed to demonstrate the diagnostic efficacy of the measure in this age group.

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Authors: Tiirikainen, K., Haravuori, H., Ranta, K., Kaltiala-Heino, R., & Marttunen, M.
Affiliations: Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
Corresponding author: Tiirikainen, Kati
ORCID: Haravuori, Henna
Ranta, Klaus
Kaltiala-Heino, Riittakerttu
Marttunen, Mauri
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-02
Volume: 272
Pages: 30-35
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.004
OpenAlex: W2903552347
Cited by: 345
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7
FWCI: 23.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, GAD-7, generalized anxiety disorder, adolescents, psychometric properties, reliability statistics, factorial validity, construct validity, internal consistency, anxiety symptoms, depression, social anxiety, Finnish adolescents
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results

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Psychometric properties of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) in a large representative sample of Finnish adolescents

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