Depression and anxiety among children and adolescents pre and post COVID-19: A comparative meta-analysis

Wang, Sifan; Chen, Lin; Ran, Hailiang; Che, Yusan; Fang, Die; Sun, Hao; Peng, Junwei; Liang, Xuemeng; Xiao, Yuanyuan

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917552

Cited by 94COVID-19 and Mental HealthChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Depression and anxiety among children and adolescents pre and post COVID-19: A comparative meta-analysis

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Wang, Sifan, Chen, Lin, Ran, Hailiang, Che, Yusan, Fang, Die, Sun, Hao, Peng, Junwei, Liang, Xuemeng +1 more·2022·Frontiers in Psychiatry

DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917552PMC PMC9381924

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Abstract

Background: Published studies in comparing pre and post the COVID-19 pandemic depression and anxiety levels among children and adolescents yielded incongruent results. Therefore, there is a necessity to perform a timely meta-analysis to synthesize existing evidence. Methods: A total of 10 digital databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CNKI, WanFang, CQVIP) were fully searched for eligible studies published before November 6, 2021. Based on quality assessment results, relevant data were extracted for eligible studies of higher quality. We combined standardized mean difference (SMD) or prevalence ratio (RR) for anxiety and depression pre and post the COVID-19 pandemic by using random-effects models. Sensitivity analysis was further performed to evaluate heterogeneity of included studies. Results: 14,508 articles were preliminarily identified, and after stepwise screening process, 8 articles were included eventually. The results showed that the SMD for post COVID-19 anxiety score measured by GAD-7 was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.17), an significant increase compared with pre COVID-19 period; the SMDs and 95% CIs for post COVID-18 depression scores measured by PHQ-9, PHQ-8, and MFQ were 0.17 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.24), 0.23 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.38), and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.17), respectively, also significantly increased compared with pre COVID-19 period. The RR for depression was 2.54 (95% CI: 2.48, 2.60) in post COVID-19 period when compared with pre-pandemic. Conclusions: Children and adolescents reported deteriorated anxiety and depression levels after the COVID-19 pandemic. More attention should be paid to this vulnerable group. Effective, expedient, and practical intervention measures which are compatible with COVID-19 prevention and control policies should be developed and implemented to maintain mental health wellbeing of the youths.

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Anxiety and depression among adolescents significantly worsened following the COVID-19 pandemic.
“Given the significant worsening of anxiety and depression among adolescents following the COVID-19 pandemic (Wang et al., 2022), it is critical to develop evidence-based interventions such as ACT.”
From Process of change and efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2025) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2022

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“Plus, a comparative meta-analysis revealed an increase in psychological symptoms among children and adolescents following COVID-19 [6].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Evolution of Youth’s Mental Health and Quality of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Tyrol, Italy: Comparison of Two Representative Surveys
Barbieri, V., Wiedermann, C. J., Piccoliori, G., Mahlknecht, A., Plagg, B., Ausserhofer, D., Ravens‐Sieberer, U., & Engl, A. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10050895 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Children and adolescents have reported deteriorated anxiety and depression levels after the COVID-19 pandemic [56].”
Background
Has Anything Changed in the Frequency of Emergency Department Visits and the Profile of the Adolescent Seeking Emergency Mental Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Ferro, V., Averna, R., Murciano, M., Raucci, U., Cristaldi, S., Musolino, A. M., Pontillo, M., Vecchia, N. D., Labonia, M., Pisani, M., et al. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10030578 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Instead, most studies identified an association between anxiety and the COVID-19 pandemic [41,66,67,70].”
Background
Cross-National Trends in Adolescents Psychological and Somatic Complaints Before and After the Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic
Cosma, A. P., Martin, G., de Looze, M. E., Walsh, S. D., Paakkari, L. T., Bilz, L., Gobiņa, I., Page, N., Hulbert, S., Inchley, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.028 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Evidence linking COVID-19 and the health/well-being of children and adolescents: an umbrella review
Duan, C., Liu, L., Wang, T., Wang, G., Jiang, Z., Li, H., Zhang, G., Li, Y., Li, C., & Cao, Y. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03334-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Psychological Distress and Online Academic Difficulties: Development and Validation of Scale to Measure Students’ Mental Health Problems in Online Learning
Curelaru, M., & Curelaru, V. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15010026 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Psychological disorders and suicide attempts in youths during the pre-COVID and post-COVID era in a Taiwan pediatric emergency department
Guo, B.-C., Chen, Y., Huang, W.-Y., Lin, M.-J., & Wu, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1281806 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Additionally, it found that children and adolescents experienced worsened anxiety and depression levels following the COVID-19 pandemic (Wang et al., 2022).”
BackgroundInfluential
Caregiver and Child Mental Health During 3 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Price, A. M. H., Measey, M., Hoq, M., Rhodes, A., & Goldfeld, S. R. (2024) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-064658 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Student anxiety in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic
Zulfiqarova, U., & Dresp, B. (2024) · Academia Mental Health and Well-Being · doi:10.20935/mhealthwellb7294 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Before the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety in the young received already some attention from scientific studies [3].”
Burden of mental health disorders and synthesis of community-based mental health intervention measures among adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic in low middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Saha, I., Majumder, J., Bagepally, B. S., Ray, S., Saha, A., & Chakrabarti, A. (2023) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103790 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Physiological parameters to support attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in children: a multiparametric approach
Ribeiro, T. C., Pagès, E. G., Huguet, A., Alda, J. A., Badiella, L., & Aguiló, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1430797 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Role of emotion regulation capacities in affective state among Chinese high school students in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19
Wang, S.-D., Chu, Y., & Dai, H.-L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015433 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
A longitudinal study of the association between depression, anxiety and stress symptoms of university students in Serbia with excessive social media use before and during COVID-19 pandemic
Visnjic, A. M., Kök, K., Višnjić, J., Jovanović, T., & Marković, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1140961 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…the prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms was shown to be moderately high during COVID-19 crisis (21, 36–39), as it was among citizens in South Korea, India, Italy, and Denmark, where the authors showed similar results in their articles (40–43).”
BackgroundResult
Admission rates and clinical profiles of children and youth with eating disorders treated as inpatients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a German university hospital
Silber, A.-S., Platte, S., Kumar, A., Arora, S., Kadioglu, D., Schmidt, M., Storf, H., Chiocchetti, A. G., & Freitag, C. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1281363 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Family Environmental Risk and Perceived Stress in Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Network Analysis
Jiang, X., & Zhang, K. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01719-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated factors among school-going adolescents in poverty and conflict-affected settings in Uganda
Mugisha, J., Ward, P. B., Kinyanda, E., Kwiringira, J. N., Kiwuwa, M. S., Symon, W., Damme, T. V., & Vancampfort, D. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07611-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“This aligns with global meta-analytic data [33] showing a significant increase in anxiety and depression among children and adolescents following the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring an urgent public health concern.”
The Mediating Role of Precepts and Meditation on Attachment and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents
DeMaranville, J., Wongpakaran, T., Wongpakaran, N., & Wedding, D. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11131923 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“54 times higher than before the pandemic [16].”
Background
The Trap of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Italian Adolescents Fare Well at First, Maybe Thanks to Protective Trait Expression
Malerba, A., Iannattone, S., Casano, G., Lauriola, M., & Bottesi, G. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9111631 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“On the contrary, literature addressing later results [78] showed a progressive impairment in adolescent mental health co-occurring with the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that individual protective factors such as Positivity might support psychological well-being, albeit not indefinitely.”
Result
Comparison of bullying victimization and depression symptoms among Chinese adolescents before and after the end of the dynamic zero-COVID-19 policy: a repeated cross-sectional study
Yang, Y., Lin, Y., Wang, F., Wang, S. J., Wang, J., Tong, F., & Gong, Q. H. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06525-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Efficacy of vigorous physical activity as an intervention for mitigating depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Yang, W., Chen, H., We, L., Qu, S., Ge, Y., & Jin, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1479326 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Small sample sizes end up being susceptible to type I and type II errors, creating an illusion of the negative eﬀect of physical activity on mental health (Wang S. et al., 2022).”
Exploring parental mediation trajectories and their associations with mental health and autonomy in adolescents: A latent transition analysis
Mayen, S., & Camerini, A. (2025) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448251391731 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The prevalence of mental health symptoms, including depression and anxiety, doubled during the COVID-19 pandemic (Racine et al., 2021), and deteriorated symptoms remained high afterward (Wang et al., 2022).”
Gender specific mental health among adolescents in Northern Italy: a cross-sectional study
Barbieri, V., Piccoliori, G., Engl, A., & Wiedermann, C. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1705580 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Exploring Sources and Health Risks in Beijing PM2.5 in 2019 and 2020
Yuan, J., Zuo, H., Jiang, Y., Zhang, P., Wang, Z., Guo, C., Wang, Z., Wen, Q., Chen, Y., Wei, Y., et al. (2023) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos14071060 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The effect of anxiety on working memory and language abilities in elementary schoolchildren with and without Additional Health and Developmental Needs
Pickering, H. E., Parsons, C., & Crewther, S. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1061212 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Protective and risk factors of anxiety in children and adolescents during COVID-19: A systematic review and three level meta-analysis
Chen, H., Wang, Q., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Yang, F., Hui, J., Tang, X., & Zhang, T. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.029 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Changes in Internet Activities and Influencing Factors for Problematic Internet Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korean Adolescents: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Kim, S., Jin, J.-C., Yoo, S.-K., & Han, D. H. (2025) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/66448 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Personal growth through navigating the world as an artist: a qualitative study of the impact of creativity camp on adolescents with depression
Taniguchi, Y., Costa, O., Ortega, A., Hayee, S., Friedman, J., DiMaggio-Potter, M. E., Bright, J., Wu, P., Mejia, A., Bernstein, G. A., et al. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-025-00893-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Adolescent depression has been on the rise, with rates surging even before the COVID-19 pandemic and escalating further during and after this global crisis [1].”
Confirmatory factor analysis of the DASS-10 with Black adolescents
Goodwin, A. K. B., & Knox, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100735 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Behavioral health resources among US pediatric epilepsy centers
Wagner, J. L., Hirschberger, R. G., DesMarteau, J. A., Wolfe-Christensen, C. B., Gaston, G., Joshi, S. M., Patel, A. D., Sweeney, M., Jridi, A., Ou, Z., et al. (2025) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110632 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Investigating risk profiles of smartphone activities and psychosocial factors in adolescents during the COVID ‐19 pandemic
Haag, A., Nick, E. A., Chen, S., Telzer, E. H., Prinstein, M. J., & Bonanno, G. A. (2024) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.13045 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…meta-analyses including studies throughout the world describe a rise of mental health symptoms in youth during COVID-19, such as distress, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance use, self-harm, and suicidality (Goldstein, 2023; Jones et al., 2021; Viner et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022).”
Risk Factors and Clinical Predictors of Suicidal Behaviors and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Pediatric Psychiatry Emergency Admissions Pre- and Post-Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Șipoș, R., Văidean, T., & Predescu, E. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12010081 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“A meta-analysis by Wang et al. (2022) reported that depression rates among adolescents increased significantly during COVID-19, driven largely by social isolation, uncertainty, and loss [56].”
The Impact of Recess on Chronic Stress Levels in Elementary School Children
Rhea, D. J., Kirby, K., Cheek, D. J., Zhang, Y., & Webb, G. K. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12070865 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“A significant main effect of group was observed, F(1, 123) = 5.47, p = 0.021, ω 2 = 0.034, with lower HCC levels in the intervention group (marginal mean M = 5.69, 95% CI [ − 1.92, 13.30]) compared to the control group (marginal mean M = 18.22, 95% CI [10.83, 25.61]).”
Influential
As I See or Do? Exploring Parental Perceptions of and Magnifying Responses to Children’s Anxiety Symptoms
Kirkpatrick, A., Serbin, L. A., Hastings, P. D., & Stack, D. M. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02676-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Recent research has suggested that adolescents ’ anxiety levels have increased since the last point of data collection in the current sample (Parodi et al., 2022), with a comparative meta-analysis suggesting signi ﬁ cant increases following the COVID-19 pandemic (Wang et al., 2022).”
COVID-19 and Psychological Distress in Africa
Ndasauka, Y. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003425861 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Estado emocional y psicológico post covid -19 en niños y adolescentes
Hidalgo-Villavicencio, N. P., Lucas-Castro, A. J., & Castro-Jalca, J. E. (2024) · MQRInvestigar · doi:10.56048/mqr20225.8.1.2024.4544-4559 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Child and youth mental health and wellbeing before and after returning to in-person learning in secondary schools in the context of COVID-19
Lei, Q., McWeeny, R., Shinkaruk, C., Baxter, A., Cao, B., Greenshaw, A., Silverstone, P. H., Pazderka, H., & Wei, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1212297 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Promoting Youth Mental Wellbeing: A Photovoice Project with Adolescents and Young Adults in the Hospital Context
Graziano, F., Toppino, F., Vennettillo, L., Daga, G. A., Concas, D., Mazzone, G., Quarello, P., Teghille, G., Zucchetti, G., & Davico, C. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22040648 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“These findings were confirmed by various systematic reviews of studies conducted during and immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic [7,8].”
Exploring associations between neighborhood amenities and mental health: Insights from parent reports of older youth in low-income households
Villodas, M. L., Enelamah, N. V., Cole, A., Foell, A., Forte, A. B., Newransky, C., Rodriguez, C. N., Yu, M., Nebbitt, V. E., & Lombe, M. (2025) · Wellbeing Space and Society · doi:10.1016/j.wss.2025.100317 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
An AI-based intelligent diagnosis system for adolescent mental health based on multitask deep learning
Liu, W., Zhang, Z., Du, L., & Qiu, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1752423 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…students without requiring in-person interviews, thereby enhancing intervention ef ﬁ ciency and potentially reducing the overall burden of mental health disorders, with epidemiological data indicating that up to 25% – 30% of Chinese adolescents were affected during and after the COVID-19 era (31).”
Influential
Analysis of Adolescent Depression Risk Factors During the Third Year of COVID-19 Pandemic in Surabaya
Hidayat, N. A. P., Setyoningrum, R. A., & Setiawati, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Research Publications · doi:10.47119/ijrp10011511220224351 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Parental Emotion Socialization of Sadness as a Correlate for Clinical Improvement: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents with a Range of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Green, A. E., DiMaggio-Potter, M. E., Butts, J., Carosella, K. A., Reigstad, K. M., Eberly, L. E., Cullen, K. R., & Klimes‐Dougan, B. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01236-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Notably, adolescents were experi - encing worse anxiety and depression symptoms during the pandemic (Cohen et al., 2021; Mayne et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2022), and because many families were home together for longer periods of time, the impact of parental responses to a range of adolescents’…”
Psychometric Validation of the Slovenian Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale - Child and Parent Versions (RCADS and RCADS-P)
Petrič, M., Mesarič, K. K., Kodrič, J., & Janjušević, P. (2024) · Slovenian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2478/sjph-2024-0022 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Depression in the COVID-19 endemic era: Analysis of online self-disclosures by young South Koreans
Kim, S., Aum, T., & Lee, D. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0314881 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Short Forms of the German Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)–Validation and Normative Data of the 11‐ and 25‐Item Versions
Grothus, S., Sommer, A., Claus, B. B., Stahlschmidt, L., Höfel, L., Chorpita, B. F., & Wager, J. (2025) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.70022 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mental health trends of Korean adolescents before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic
Kim, S., Chi, S., Chae, B., & Lee, J. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105223 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Attitudes toward Adolescent Mental Health Screening in a Dental Setting: A Mixed-Methods Study
Ticku, S., Nath, S., Ramesh, N., & Riedy, C. A. (2024) · JDR Clinical & Translational Research · doi:10.1177/23800844241273775 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…this age group, a concern that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to increased rates of anxiety and depression among adolescents due to social isolation, disruptions in daily routines, and general stress related to the pandemic (Wang et al. 2022; Wilson and Dumornay 2022).”
The Fundamentals of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Bartoli, G., & Stuhr, P. T. (2025) · Strategies · doi:10.1080/08924562.2024.2422114 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mental Health Promotion and Prevention for Children in Chinese-Speaking Societies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yang, Y., Kang, X., Li, D., Fu, L., & Powell, B. J. (2026) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2026.2647428 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Acupuncture in Anesthesia
Bohling, A. M., & Kitzman, J. (2023) · Current anesthesiology reports · doi:10.1007/s40140-023-00561-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Emotion regulation moderates the impact of state anxiety on psychological well-being in Turkish population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Karababa, A. (2023) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2023.2217093 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Who accessed STI testing in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic and how: Findings from Natsal-COVID, a cross-sectional quasi-representative survey
Márquez, N. G., Howarth, A., Dema, E., Burns, F. M., Copas, A. J., Mercer, C. H., Sonnenberg, P., Mitchell, K. R., Field, N. M., & Gibbs, J. (2024) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/09564624241277582 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Normative CLEFT-Q Data From the General Dutch Population
van der Goes, P. A. J., van Roey, V. L., Ombashi, S., Mathijssen, I. M. J., van der Molen, A. B. M., & Versnel, S. L. (2024) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000010882 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“29 Research also suggests that depression and anxiety in the adult population dropped back to pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels, whereas levels in young adults did not.”
Children and adolescents mental health in Ecuador: High rates of mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use and depression
Lapo‐Talledo, G. J., Rodrigues, A. L. S., Escobar, K. M., Álava, J. A. P., & Siteneski, A. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112150 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 y depresión en adolescentes
Contreras, G. A. C. (2025) · JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH · doi:10.46363/jnph.v5i1.1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Italy before and after the COVID-19: Lessons learned and management changes by SIGENP
Dipasquale, V., Saccomani, M. D., Giorgio, A. D., Oliva, S., Salvatore, S., Strisciuglio, C., Tambucci, R., Lionetti, P., & Romano, C. (2023) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-023-01418-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“These observations may be explained by the well-known link between psychological disorders and FGIDs, consistent with the deteriorated anxiety and depression levels after the COVID-19 pandemic reported by adolescents [41].”
Background
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on recognition and testimony memory: Differential effects in young and older adultsPreprint
Bonilla, M., Vidal, V., Chenlo, A. A. V., León, C. S., Benítez, F. A. U., Brusco, L. I., Flores-Kanter, P. E., Bauza, C. G., & Forcato, C. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4206859 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Parental Engagement, Adult Attachment, and Psychological Well-Being Among Post-Covid College StudentsPreprint
Collings, R. D., & Eaton, L. G. (2024) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/ya4nv · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Integracija tripartitnog i kognitivnog modela anksioznosti i depresivnosti u ranoj adolescenciji
Zečević, I. (2023) · doi:10.17234/diss.2023.411969
Ansia e depressione nell’ambulatorio del pediatra delle cure primarie
Panza, C. (2023) · QUADERNI ACP · doi:10.53141/peqacp.2023.5.am1
COVID-19 Crisis Communication, Infodemics, and Psychological Distress Among Sub-Saharan African Youth
Mwale, P. N. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003425861-5
Child and Adolescent Mental Health in a Period of Fewer COVID-19-Related Restrictions in an Urban Population in Germany
Konopka, A., Führer, A., Binder, M., Diexer, S., Frese, T., Gekle, M., Girndt, M., Gottschick, C., Hoell, J. I., Klee, B., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint5040050
Child’s Externalizing and Internalizing Problems and Caregiver Strain: Mediation of Child’s Executive Functions
Brezetić, S., & Ručević, S. (2024) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941241295981 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…stressors that caregiver face in their daily professional and family life, including the consequences after COVID-19 on children ’ s mental health (Wang et al., 2022), we believe that it is of great interest to further investigate factors that can increase the resilience of both caregivers and…”
Psychometric Validation of the Slovenian Version of the Children’s Automatic Thoughts Scale (CATS)
Damjanac, Ž., Mesarič, K. K., Petrič, M., Hudoklin, M., & Kodrič, J. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01800-4
The Kids Aren’t Alright: Changes in the Mental Health of Adolescents Post-COVID-19
Belom, T. (2025) · Chapman University Digital Commons (Chapman University) · doi:10.36837/chapman.000672
Depression and Anxiety Prevalence in a Pediatric Obesity Hypertension Clinic: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ong, J., Agrawal, P. M., Garofano, J. S., Parrish, C., Psoter, K. J., & Brady, T. M. (2025) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/00099228251339076
An online Parenting Intervention to Prevent affective disorders in high-risk Adolescents: The PIPA Trial (Preprint)Preprint
Thompson, A. D., Bouliotis, G., Yap, M. B. H., Birchwood, M. J., Cardamone-Breen, M. C., Valliere, N. D., Khan, K., Melvin, G. A., Michelet, F., Olivier, P. L., et al. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.77421
The impact of COVID-19 on psychophysiology and quality of life among children during omicron surge in Taiwan
Zhou, Y.-T., Chang, T., Lin, C.-W., Shang, C., Chen, S., Shih, A.-T., Chen, F.-L., Gau, S. S., & Chang, L. (2025) · Pediatrics & Neonatology · doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2025.04.005
Beyond anxiety: Addressing non-attendance (ANA) in secondary schools through a multi-agency training package
Greig, A., Ledsom, C., Munro, A., & Myburgh, L. (2025) · Educational and Child Psychology · doi:10.53841/bpsecp.2025.42.2.47
How parents can help kids deal with back-to-school anxiety
Englander, E. (2021) · doi:10.64628/aai.etuw3dcth
Mediation and Moderation Effects of Mindfulness Between Improper Use of the Mobile Phone and Anxiety in University Students in the Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Era
Chen, L., Gao, S.-Y., & Pan, Y. H. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251386637
“They spend considerable time on social media and online learning apps every day; such practices are closely associated with Psychological disorders (Chen et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2020).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on recognition and testimony memory: differential effects in young and older adults
Bonilla, M., Flores-Kanter, P. E., Vidal, V., Jiménez, Z. A., León, C. S., Benítez, F. A. U., Brusco, L. I., Chenlo, A. A. V., Corfdir, Y., Bauza, C. G., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1557634
Economic insecurity and depression among youth of color during the COVID-19 pandemic
Jahangir, T., Ash, M. J., Livingston, M. D., Haardörfer, R., Berkley‐Patton, J., & Woods-Jaeger, B. A. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24811-9
Effects of disasters on children’s fear, stress, insomnia, and wellbeing in Türkiye
Ceylan, S. S. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08524-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Researchers reported an increase in children’s mental health problems following the global Covid-19 pandemic (Wang et al., 2022; Newlove-Delgado et al., 2023; Westrupp et al., 2023).”
Influential
Implementing PROMEHS to Foster Social and Emotional Learning, Resilience, and Mental Health: Evidence from Croatian Schools
Vorkapić, S. T., Vujičić, L., Tambolaš, A. Č., Grazzani, I., Cavioni, V., Cefai, C., & Camilleri, L. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13010154
“During the COVID-19 pandemic, a high proportion of individuals worldwide reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder [32,33], a finding also confirmed by national studies conducted among adults, children, and young people in Croatia [34–36].”
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Authors: Wang, S., Chen, L., Ran, H., Che, Y., Fang, D., Sun, H., Peng, J., Liang, X., & Xiao, Y.
Affiliations: Kunming Medical University (CN)
Corresponding author: Xiao, Yuanyuan
ORCID: Wang, Sifan
Chen, Lin
Ran, Hailiang
Sun, Hao
Peng, Junwei
Xiao, Yuanyuan
Venue: Frontiers in Psychiatry
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2022-08-03
Volume: 13
Pages: 917552-917552
ISSN: 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917552
PMC: PMC9381924
OpenAlex: W4289517484
Cited by: 94
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1
FWCI: 17.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Ten Thousand Talent Plans for Young Top-notch Talents of Yunnan Province
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, depression, anxiety, children, adolescents, youth mental health, pre- and post-pandemic comparison, GAD-7, PHQ-9, PHQ-8, mental health questionnaire

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Depression and anxiety among children and adolescents pre and post COVID-19: A comparative meta-analysis

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