Pilot development and feasibility of telehealth community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) for early psychosis and substance use
Open accessAbstract
Substance use is associated with poor outcomes for individuals with early psychosis. Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) is an evidence-based approach that helps families to reduce substance use, engage in treatment, and improve family wellbeing, but it has not yet been studied for psychosis and substance use. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a telehealth intervention utilizing CRAFT for families experiencing early psychosis and substance use. Twenty family members completed six to eight telehealth sessions of CRAFT adapted for early psychosis (CRAFT-EP). Participants completed an assessment battery at baseline, mid- and post-intervention, a three-month follow-up, surveys after each session, and a focus group to measure mean percentage of sessions completed, mean program satisfaction ratings, telehealth preference, and qualitative feedback. Participants had 100% session completion, and program satisfaction was at or near excellent for 99% of sessions. Half of participants preferred a primarily virtual hybrid program, whereas 45% preferred exclusively virtual visits. Communication was the most helpful topic, and participants requested additional written examples and resources. CRAFT-EP is feasible and acceptable to serve as the active intervention in a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing treatment as usual plus CRAFT-EP to treatment as usual.
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Implementation of virtual face-to-face meetings with a practitioner represents the most direct translation of the CRAFT intervention into an online format.
“Implementation of virtual face-to-face meetings with a practitioner represents the most direct translation of the CRAFT intervention into an online format, as demonstrated in two studies that have delivered practitioner-led online CRAFT.”
From Online community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) for rural concerned significant others: A randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as McCarthy et al., 2022
The studies by McCarthy et al. (2022) and Osilla et al. (2024) were conducted in the USA.
“and the USA (McCarthy et al., 2022”
From Online community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) for rural concerned significant others: A randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as McCarthy et al., 2022
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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“The study will generate the first Australian outcome data, which will complement the USA outcome data [12] and the Australian adaptation and acceptability data from the team’s previous work [16, 19].”
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“Demographic characteristics were previously reported (McCarthy et al., 2022) and are briefly summarized in Table 1.”
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“Unlike other studies in CSC or among individuals with early psychosis (Barrowclough et al. 2014; Johnson et al. 2019; McCarthy et al. 2022), our sample was highly diverse, with 50% of the sample identifying as Hispanic.”
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Self-citationTalking About Cannabis: Perspectives of First Episode Psychosis Care Participants and Parents
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“…and Family Training (CRAFT; W. R. Miller et al., 1999) teaches family members to strategically apply reinforcers to reward abstinence and substance use treatment engagement; recent work is offering CRAFT delivered via telehealth to families of young people with psychosis (McCarthy et al., 2022).”
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“Our group adapted Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT), an intervention to support families of individuals with problematic substance use, to families of individuals with early psychosis and substance use (CRAFT-EP; McCarthy et al. 2022).”
InfluentialSelf-citationUeland, E., Nameth, K., Manuel, J. K., & Osilla, K. C. (2025) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2025.209628
Psikoedukasi Keluarga Digital terhadap Kesehatan Mental Keluarga dengan Pasien Gangguan Jiwa
Batmanlussy, V. A., Keliat, B. A., & Chandra, Y. A. (2024) · Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) · doi:10.31539/joting.v6i1.9885
“Hasil penelusuran artikel menyebutkan bahwa terdapat pengurangan beban, peningkatan sikap, pengetahuan, dan perilaku, penurunan depresi dan ansietas, dan peningkatan fungsi keluarga dan kualitas hidup (Guillén et al., 2022; Fuller-Tyszkiewicz et al., 2020; McCarthy et al., 2022; Douma et al., 2021).”
Background
- Authors
- McCarthy, J. M., Wood, A. J., Shinners, M. G., Heinrich, H., Weiss, R. D., Mueser, K. T., Meyers, R. J., Carol, E. E., Hudson, J. I., & Öngür, D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- McLean Hospital (US)
- Boston University (US)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCarthy, Julie M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-11
- Volume
- 317
- Pages
- 114804
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10127150
- OpenAlex
- W4292730844
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 297 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (K23DA050808, P50MH115846)
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- Community Reinforcement and Family Training, early psychosis, substance use, telemedicine, family intervention, feasibility, acceptability, program satisfaction, family well-being
- MeSH terms
- Feasibility Studies, Humans, Psychotic Disorders, Reinforcement, Psychology, Telemedicine, Substance-Related Disorders
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