“Our similarities are different” The relationship between alexithymia and depression
Open accessAbstract
Alexithymia is a multi-faceted personality trait, which is the inability to recognize and describe emotions. It is associated with a multitude of mental health problems, and its implication for the diagnosis and treatment of depression remains unclear. The current study explored the nuances of the relationship between alexithymia and depression in a sample of 210 patients with depression. We assessed alexithymia with the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). The mean TAS-20 score was 57.47 ± 10.63, and the mean BDI-I score was 49.33±9.24. We explored the network structure of alexithymia and depression. Items related to difficulties in identifying, describing, and expressing feelings were prominent in the alexithymia network. Joy, guilt, and self-dislike stand out in the depression network. In our analysis, we were able to show the crescent relationship between depression and alexithymia, with an inflection point at a TAS-20 score of 53. Although the correlation-concordance index was moderate (0.41; 95 %CI: 0.29-0.51), both scales greatly overlap. In the joint network of alexithymia and depression, we could identify bridge (i.e., connecting) items between alexithymia and depression. These were difficulties understanding and relating feelings to physical and body sensations on the alexithymia side, and self-dislike, crying, and somatic concern on the depression side. Taken together, they point to the pivotal role of alexithymia in the somatization/embodiment of emotions and feelings in depression.
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Alexithymia is a known risk factor for the development of depressive and anxiety disorders and has been proposed as a mediator between interoceptive dysfunction and the development of depression.
“Alexithymia is a known risk factor for the development of depressive and anxiety disorders [73] and has been proposed as a mediator between interoceptive dysfunction and the development of depression [74].”
From Neural correlates of altered interoception in depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Kieraité, M., Bättig, J. J., Novoselac, A., Noboa, V., Seifritz, E., Rufer, M., Egger, S. T., & Weidt, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Egger, Stephan T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-10
- Volume
- 340
- Pages
- 116099
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4401063693
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- alexithymia, depression, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, emotional awareness, embodiment, emotional expression
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affective Symptoms, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Young Adult
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