Alexithymia in eating disorders: Systematic review and meta-analyses of studies using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to synthesise the literature on the use of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) in eating disorder populations and Healthy Controls (HCs) and to compare TAS scores in these groups. METHOD: Electronic databases were searched systematically for studies using the TAS and meta-analyses were performed to statistically compare scores on the TAS between individuals with eating disorders and HCs. RESULTS: Forty-eight studies using the TAS with both a clinical eating disorder group and HCs were identified. Of these, 44 were included in the meta-analyses, separated into: Anorexia Nervosa; Anorexia Nervosa, Restricting subtype; Anorexia Nervosa, Binge-Purge subtype, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. For all groups, there were significant differences with medium or large effect sizes between the clinical group and HCs, with the clinical group scoring significantly higher on the TAS, indicating greater difficulty with identifying and labelling emotions. CONCLUSION: Across the spectrum of eating disorders, individuals report having difficulties recognising or describing their emotions. Given the self-report design of the TAS, research to develop and evaluate treatments and clinician-administered assessments of alexithymia is warranted.
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Many people with AN experience alexithymia and suppress emotions as an emotional coping strategy.
“Many of us with AN experience alexithymia [93, 94] and suppress our emotions as an emotional coping strategy [22, 95].”
From A lived experience response to the proposed diagnosis of terminal anorexia nervosa: learning from iatrogenic harm, ambivalence and enduring hope (2023) · cites this paper as [93]
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Barberis, N., Cannavò, M., Cuzzocrea, F., & Verrastro, V. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02303-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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“Our similarities are different” The relationship between alexithymia and depression
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- Authors
- Westwood, H., Kerr-Gaffney, J., Stahl, D., & Tchanturia, K.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Ilia State University (GE)
- Corresponding author
- Westwood, Heather
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- 99
- Pages
- 66-81
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5986724
- OpenAlex
- W2624833759
- Cited by
- 354
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 3.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- Psychiatry Research Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- King's College London
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
- Medical Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- alexithymia, eating disorders, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, emotional awareness, emotion recognition, healthy controls
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affective Symptoms, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Canada, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male
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