The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Expanding stress theory: Prolonged activation and perseverative cognition
Abstract
Several theories of the stress-disease link have now incorporated prolonged activation. This article argues that these theories still lack an important element, that is, the cognitive nature of the mechanism that causes stress responses to be sustained. The perception of stress and the initial response to it do not automatically lead to prolonged activation. The active cognitive representations of stressors need to be prolonged in order to extend their physiological concomitants. We call this mediating process perseverative cognition, and it is manifested in phenomena such as worry, rumination, and anticipatory stress. We summarize evidence suggesting that these phenomena are indeed associated with physiological activation, including cardiovascular, endocrinological and immunological parameters. This evidence is still far from sufficient, due to the many methodological insufficiencies in the studies involved. Nevertheless, it makes clear that cognitive phenomena characterized by perseverative cognition may be likely candidates to mediate the effects of stress sources on somatic disease. We also argue that there is a dearth of evidence supporting the role of prolonged activation. There are a limited number of studies demonstrating prolonged activity related to stressors and emotional episodes, and their methodologies often do not allow unambiguous conclusions. Even more important, the crucial assumption that prolonged activation actually leads to pathogenic states and disease has received hardly any attention yet and therefore is still largely unsupported. There are only a few studies that showed that anticipatory responses and slow recovery from stress predicted disease states.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Rumination, in particular, has been implicated in poor post-stress recovery (Brosschot et al., 2005).”
From More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science (2018) · cites this paper as Brosschot et al., 2005
Citations
Cites
Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 · Cited by 5,881
Stress, adaptation, and disease. Allostasis and allostatic load
McEWEN, B. S. (1998) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09546.x · Cited by 5,092
Fears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning
Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.483 · Cited by 3,147 · cited 1×
“At present, little is known about the physiological effects of unconscious processing of distressing information, apart from some studies that show changes in cerebral activity, startle reflexes, skin conductance and the sexual system (Öhman and Mineka, 2001).”
BackgroundHeart-rate Recovery Immediately After Exercise as a Predictor of Mortality
Cole, C. R., Blackstone, E. H., Pashkow, F. J., Snader, C. E., & Lauer, M. S. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199910283411804 · Cited by 1,935
The cognitive activation theory of stress.
Ursin, H., & Eriksen, H. R. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00091-x · Cited by 1,004
Nishime, E. O. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.11.1392 · Cited by 710
The phenomenology of the pre-sleep state: the development of the pre-sleep arousal scale
Nicassio, P. M., Mendlowitz, D. R., Fussell, J. J., & Petras, L. (1985) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90004-x · Cited by 704
Healthy Older Adults’ Sleep Predicts All-Cause Mortality at 4 to 19 Years of Follow-Up
Dew, M. A., Hoch, C. C., Buysse, D. J., Monk, T. H., Begley, A. E., Houck, P. R., Hall, M., Kupfer, D. J., & Reynolds, C. F. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000039756.23250.7c · Cited by 587
Krantz, D. S., & McCeney, M. K. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135208 · Cited by 484
STRESSORS AND MOOD MEASURED ON A MOMENTARY BASIS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SALIVARY CORTISOL SECRETION
Smyth, J. M., Ockenfels, M. C., Porter, L. S., Kirschbaum, C., Hellhammer, D. H., & Stone, A. A. (1998) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00008-0 · Cited by 474
Kunz-Ebrecht, S. R., Kirschbaum, C., Marmot, M., & Steptoe, A. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00072-6 · Cited by 466
Physiological stress reactivity and recovery: Conceptual siblings separated at birth?
Linden, W., Earle, T. L., Gerin, W., & Christenfeld, N. J. S. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00240-1 · Cited by 418
Sluiter, J. K., Croon, E. M. D., Meijman, T. F., & Frings‐Dresen, M. H. W. (2003) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i62 · Cited by 395
Schwartz, A. R., Gerin, W., Davidson, K. W., Pickering, T. G., Brosschot, J. F., Thayer, J. F., Christenfeld, N., & Linden, W. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000046075.79922.61 · Cited by 383
Self-citationAcute Stress Affects Heart Rate Variability During Sleep
Hall, M. H., Vasko, R., Buysse, D. J., Ombao, H., Chen, Q., Cashmere, J. D., Kupfer, D. J., & Thayer, J. F. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000106884.58744.09 · Cited by 378
Self-citationPsychobiological mechanisms of socioeconomic differences in health
Kristenson, M., Eriksen, H. R., Sluiter, J. K., Starke, D., & Ursin, H. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00353-8 · Cited by 351
Heart rate response is longer after negative emotions than after positive emotions
Brosschot, J. F., & Thayer, J. F. (2003) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00146-6 · Cited by 233
Self-citationBrosschot, J. F., & Thayer, J. F. (1998) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02886382 · Cited by 233
Self-citationHabermann, E. (1990) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/0041-0101(90)90126-r · Cited by 217
Everson‐Rose, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., & Salonen, J. T. (1996) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.27.5.1059 · Cited by 190
Ruiz‐Padial, E., Sollers, J. J., Vila, J., & Thayer, J. F. (2003) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00032 · Cited by 179
Self-citationPredictors of Stable Hypertension in Young Borderline Subjects: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study
Borghi, C., Costa, F. V., Boschi, S., Mussi, A., & Амбросиони, Е. (1986) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-198608005-00030 · Cited by 171
Sluiter, J. K., Frings‐Dresen, M. H. W., Meijman, T. F., & van der Beek, A. J. (2000) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.57.5.298 · Cited by 145
Emotional Expression and Health: Advances in Theory, Assessment and Clinical Applications
Nyklı́ček, I., Temoshok, L. R., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2004) · Cited by 142
Lacey, K. K., Zaharia, M. D., Griffiths, J., Ravindran, A. V., Merali, Z., & Anisman, H. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00059-1 · Cited by 130
Prolonged stress-related cardiovascular activation: Is there any?
Pieper, S., & BROSSCHOT, J. F. (2005) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3002_1 · Cited by 124
Self-citationvan Amelsvoort, L. G. P. M., Kant, I., Bültmann, U., & Swaen, G. M. H. (2003) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i83 · Cited by 119
Cardiovascular recovery from stress predicts longitudinal changes in blood pressure
Stewart, J. C., & France, C. R. (2001) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00105-3 · Cited by 105
Spangler, G. (1997) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(97)00040-1 · Cited by 103
The relationship between emotional rumination and cortisol secretion under stress
Roger, D., & Najarian, B. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00204-3 · Cited by 98
Emotional Expression and Health
(2004) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203484104 · Cited by 72
Treiber, F. A., Musante, L., Kapuku, G. K., Davis, C. L., Litaker, M. S., & Davis, H. (2001) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00183-5 · Cited by 65
Worry, perseverative thinking and health
BROSSCHOT, J. F., & THAYER, J. F. (2004) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203484104-16 · Cited by 41
Self-citationIs systolic blood pressure recovery after exercise a predictor of mortality?
Ellis, K., Pothier, C. E., Blackstone, E. H., & Lauer, M. S. (2004) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2003.08.009 · Cited by 31
Schuring, M., Sluiter, J. K., & Frings‐Dresen, M. H. W. (2004) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-003-0469-y · Cited by 11
Ursin, H., & Murison, R. C. C. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Ursin, 1983, Biological and psychological basis of psychosomatic disease, vol. 42
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought
Watkins, E. R. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163 · Cited by 2,421
Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2007) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.204 · Cited by 2,133
More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science
Epel, E. S., Crosswell, A. D., Mayer, S. E., Prather, A. A., Slavich, G. M., Puterman, E., & Mendes, W. B. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.001 · Cited by 1,077
“Rumination, in particular, has been implicated in poor poststress recovery (Brosschot et al., 2005).”
BackgroundGeurts, S. A. E., & Sonnentag, S. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1053 · Cited by 970
Staying well and engaged when demands are high: The role of psychological detachment.
Sonnentag, S., Binnewies, C., & Mojza, E. J. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020032 · Cited by 621
Metadata
- Authors
- Brosschot, J. F., Pieper, S., & Thayer, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brosschot, Jos F.
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1043-1049
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2132541524
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 6.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- perseverative cognition, worry, rumination, anticipatory stress, immune activation, stress recovery
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Humans, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
