Cited by 342Stress Responses and CortisolHealth disparities and outcomesNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

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Loneliness and cortisol: Momentary, day-to-day, and trait associations

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Doane, Leah D., Adam, Emma K.·2010·Psychoneuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.08.005PMC PMC2841363

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Abstract

In attempts to understand the social determinants of health, strong associations have been found between measures of loneliness, physiological stress processes, and physical and mental health outcomes. Feelings of loneliness are hypothesized to have implications for physiological stress processes, including activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In a community sample of young adults, multilevel modeling was used to examine whether trait and state feelings of loneliness were related to changes in levels of the stress-sensitive hormone cortisol, and whether the associations between loneliness and cortisol were mediated or moderated by the presence of concurrent depression or high levels of chronic life stress. Results indicated that trait loneliness was associated with a flattening of the diurnal cortisol rhythm. In addition, both daily and momentary state variations in loneliness were related to cortisol. Prior day feelings of loneliness were associated with an increased cortisol awakening response the next morning and momentary experiences of loneliness during the day were associated with momentary increases in cortisol among youth who also had high chronic interpersonal stress. Results were significant after covarying current depression, both chronic and momentary reports of stress, and medical and lifestyle covariates. This study expanded on prior work by investigating and revealing three different time courses of association between loneliness and HPA axis activity in young adults: trait, daily and momentary.

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Authors: Doane, L. D., & Adam, E. K.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author: Doane, Leah D.
ORCID: Doane, Leah D.
Adam, Emma K.
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-04
Volume: 35
Issue: 3
Pages: 430-441
ISSN: 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.08.005
PMC: PMC2841363
OpenAlex: W2092784420
Semantic Scholar: 525cf6bb865f3c34da9f7be891d327a725bfca7d
Cited by: 342
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 4.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Northwestern University
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH065652, R01 MH65652)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords: loneliness, cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, diurnal cortisol rhythm, cortisol awakening response, interpersonal stress, depression, trait loneliness, state loneliness, young adults, social determinants of health, physiological stress
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Interpersonal Relations, Loneliness, Male, Medical Records, Periodicity, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Young Adult

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Loneliness and cortisol: Momentary, day-to-day, and trait associations

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