Cited by 342Stress Responses and CortisolHealth disparities and outcomesNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Loneliness and cortisol: Momentary, day-to-day, and trait associations

Open access

Doane, Leah D., Adam, Emma K.·2010·Psychoneuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.08.005PMC PMC2841363

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In attempts to understand the social determinants of health, strong associations have been found between measures of loneliness, physiological stress processes, and physical and mental health outcomes. Feelings of loneliness are hypothesized to have implications for physiological stress processes, including activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In a community sample of young adults, multilevel modeling was used to examine whether trait and state feelings of loneliness were related to changes in levels of the stress-sensitive hormone cortisol, and whether the associations between loneliness and cortisol were mediated or moderated by the presence of concurrent depression or high levels of chronic life stress. Results indicated that trait loneliness was associated with a flattening of the diurnal cortisol rhythm. In addition, both daily and momentary state variations in loneliness were related to cortisol. Prior day feelings of loneliness were associated with an increased cortisol awakening response the next morning and momentary experiences of loneliness during the day were associated with momentary increases in cortisol among youth who also had high chronic interpersonal stress. Results were significant after covarying current depression, both chronic and momentary reports of stress, and medical and lifestyle covariates. This study expanded on prior work by investigating and revealing three different time courses of association between loneliness and HPA axis activity in young adults: trait, daily and momentary.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.08.005

Cites

71 of 71 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Longford, N. T., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2075823 · Cited by 18,773
Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence
Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152968.001.0001 · Cited by 10,647
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173
A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys: Results From Two Population-Based Studies
Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027504268574 · Cited by 4,781
Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change
Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00108-7 · Cited by 3,638
The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health.
Uchino, B. N., Cacioppo, J. T., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.3.488 · Cited by 2,727
If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans.
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Zhou, E. S. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.25 · Cited by 2,467
Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140 · Cited by 2,380
Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy.
Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1984) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2068915 · Cited by 1,937

Show all 64 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Rokach, 2001, Perceived causes of loneliness in adulthood, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15, 67

Sorted by citations

Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women
Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1219686110 · Cited by 2,503
Social relationships and health: The toxic effects of perceived social isolation
Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S. (2014) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12087 · Cited by 1,057
The neuroendocrinology of social isolation
Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Capitanio, J. P., & Cole, S. W. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015240 · Cited by 977
Diurnal cortisol slopes and mental and physical health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Adam, E. K., Quinn, M. E., Tavernier, R., McQuillan, M. T., Dahlke, K. A., & Gilbert, K. E. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.018 · Cited by 905
Self-citation
Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Expert consensus guidelines
Stalder, T., Kirschbaum, C., Kudielka, B. M., Adam, E. K., Pruessner, J. C., Wüst, S., Dockray, S., Smyth, N., Evans, P., Hellhammer, D. H., et al. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.010 · Cited by 967
Self-citation
The cortisol awakening response: More than a measure of HPA axis function
Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F., Stalder, T., Evans, P., & Thorn, L. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.12.011 · Cited by 635
Toward a neurology of loneliness
Cacioppo, S., Capitanio, J. P., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0037618 · Cited by 623
Loneliness and cognitive function in the older adult: a systematic review
Boss, L., Kang, D.-H., & Branson, S. (2015) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610214002749 · Cited by 513
Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Cardiovascular Health
Xia, N., & Li, H. (2017) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2017.7312 · Cited by 538
Perceived social isolation, evolutionary fitness and health outcomes: a lifespan approach
Hawkley, L. C., & Capitanio, J. P. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0114 · Cited by 468
Understanding loneliness in the twenty-first century: an update on correlates, risk factors, and potential solutions
Lim, M. H., Eres, R., & Vasan, S. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01889-7 · Cited by 438
Loneliness in the Modern Age: An Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness (ETL)
Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S. (2018) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2018.03.003 · Cited by 481
Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis
Matthews, G. A., & Tye, K. M. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14016 · Cited by 273
Loneliness and stress-related inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses in older men and women
Hackett, R. A., Hamer, M., Endrighi, R., Brydon, L., & Steptoe, A. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.016 · Cited by 272
Effects of social isolation on glucocorticoid regulation in social mammals
Hawkley, L. C., Cole, S. W., Capitanio, J. P., Norman, G. J., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.05.011 · Cited by 262
Loneliness Across Phylogeny and a Call for Comparative Studies and Animal Models
Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Cole, S. W., Capitanio, J. P., Goossens, L., & Boomsma, D. I. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614564876 · Cited by 241
Salivary Cortisol in Ambulatory Assessment—Some Dos, Some Don’ts, and Some Open Questions
Kudielka, B. M., Gierens, A., Hellhammer, D. H., Wüst, S., & Schlotz, W. (2012) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31825434c7 · Cited by 238
Stress and perceived social isolation (loneliness)
Campagne, D. M. (2019) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2019.02.007 · Cited by 240
Stress physiology and developmental psychopathology: Past, present, and future
Doom, J. R., & Gunnar, M. R. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000667 · Cited by 223
Adolescent Loneliness and Health in Early Adulthood
Goosby, B. J., Bellatorre, A., Walsemann, K. M., & Cheadle, J. E. (2013) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/soin.12018 · Cited by 231
Nostalgia and well-being in daily life: An ecological validity perspective.
Newman, D. B., Sachs, M. E., Stone, A. A., & Schwarz, N. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000236 · Cited by 198
Loneliness, social isolation, cardiovascular disease and mortality: a synthesis of the literature and conceptual framework
Hodgson, S., Watts, I. V. C., Fraser, S. D., Roderick, P., & Dambha‐Miller, H. (2020) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076820918236 · Cited by 200
The cortisol awakening response and major depression: examining the evidence
Dedovic, K., & Ngiam, J. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s62289 · Cited by 191
Loneliness and acute stress reactivity: A systematic review of psychophysiological studies
Brown, E. G., Gallagher, S., & Creaven, A. (2018) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13031 · Cited by 262
Sleeping with one eye open: loneliness and sleep quality in young adults
Matthews, T., Danese, A., Gregory, A. M., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000629 · Cited by 167
The Cortisol Awakening Response in Context
Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F. H., & Thorn, L. (2010) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(10)93007-9 · Cited by 176
The role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease caused by social isolation and loneliness
Li, H., & Xia, N. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101585 · Cited by 162
Action at a distance: geriatric research during a pandemic
Nicol, G. E., Piccirillo, J. F., Mulsant, B. H., & Lenze, E. J. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16443 · Cited by 156
The Impact of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Cognitive Aging: A Narrative Review
Guarnera, J., Yuen, E., & Macpherson, H. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-230011 · Cited by 161
Are flatter diurnal cortisol rhythms associated with major depression and anxiety disorders in late adolescence? The role of life stress and daily negative emotion
Doane, L. D., Mineka, S., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., Griffith, J. W., & Adam, E. K. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000060 · Cited by 171
Self-citation
Loneliness trajectories from middle childhood to pre‐adolescence: Impact on perceived health and sleep disturbance
Harris, R. A., Qualter, P., & Robinson, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.12.009 · Cited by 154
Chronic and episodic interpersonal stress as statistically unique predictors of depression in two samples of emerging adults.
Vrshek‐Schallhorn, S., Stroud, C. B., Mineka, S., Hammen, C. L., Zinbarg, R. E., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., & Craske, M. G. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000088 · Cited by 163
Loneliness and attention to social threat in young adults: Findings from an eye tracker study
Bangee, M., Nowland, R. A., Bridges, N., Rotenberg, K. J., & Qualter, P. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.039 · Cited by 169
HPA-axis and inflammatory reactivity to acute stress is related with basal HPA-axis activity
Chen, X., Gianferante, D., Hanlin, L. C., Fiksdal, A. S., Breines, J. G., Thoma, M. V., & Rohleder, N. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.035 · Cited by 156
Loneliness and the rate of motor decline in old age: the rush memory and aging project, a community-based cohort study
Buchman, A. S., Boyle, P. A., Wilson, R. S., James, B. D., Leurgans, S. E., Arnold, S. E., & Bennett, D. A. (2010) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-10-77 · Cited by 144
How can the study of physiological reactivity contribute to our understanding of adversity and resilience processes in development?
Obradović, J. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000053 · Cited by 153
Brain-body interactions underlying the association of loneliness with mental and physical health
Quadt, L., Esposito, G., Critchley, H., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.015 · Cited by 154
Differential effects of perceived discrimination on the diurnal cortisol rhythm of African Americans and Whites
Fuller‐Rowell, T. E., Doan, S. N., & Eccles, J. S. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.05.011 · Cited by 133
Perceived discrimination and diurnal cortisol: Examining relations among Mexican American adolescents
Zeiders, K. H., Doane, L. D., & Roosa, M. W. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.018 · Cited by 130
Self-citation
Challenges Faced by Refugee New Parents from Africa in Canada
Stewart, M., Dennis, C. L., Kariwo, M., Kushner, K. E., Letourneau, N., Makumbe, K., Makwarimba, E., & Shizha, E. (2015) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-014-0062-3 · Cited by 135
Loneliness and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Future Directions
Paul, E., Bu, F., & Fancourt, D. E. (2021) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-021-01495-2 · Cited by 131
Stress, the cortisol awakening response and cognitive function
Law, R. J., & Clow, A. (2020) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.01.001 · Cited by 125
HowNutsAreTheDutch (HoeGekIsNL): A crowdsourcing study of mental symptoms and strengths
van der Krieke, L., Jeronimus, B. F., Blaauw, F. J., Wanders, R. B. K., Emerencia, A. C., Schenk, H., de Vos, S., Snippe, E., Wichers, M., Wigman, J. T. W., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1495 · Cited by 119
Loneliness and type 2 diabetes incidence: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Hackett, R. A., Hudson, J. L., & Chilcot, J. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05258-6 · Cited by 108
Positive upshots of cortisol in everyday life.
Hoyt, L. T., Zeiders, K. H., Ehrlich, K. B., & Adam, E. K. (2016) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000174 · Cited by 110
Self-citation
Prospective associations between the cortisol awakening response and first onsets of anxiety disorders over a six-year follow-up – 2013 Curt Richter Award Winner
Adam, E. K., Vrshek‐Schallhorn, S., Kendall, A. D., Mineka, S., Zinbarg, R. E., & Craske, M. G. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.02.014 · Cited by 124
Self-citation
Neurobiology of Loneliness, Isolation, and Loss: Integrating Human and Animal Perspectives
Vitale, E. M., & Smith, A. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.846315 · Cited by 127
Investigating hypervigilance for social threat of lonely children
Qualter, P., Rotenberg, K., Barrett, L., Henzi, P., Barlow, A., Stylianou, M., & Harris, R. A. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9676-x · Cited by 131
The Cortisol Awakening Response: Regulation and Functional Significance
Stalder, T., Oster, H., Abelson, J. L., Huthsteiner, K., Klucken, T., & Clow, A. (2024) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnae024 · Cited by 122
Physiological reactions to acute stressors and subjective stress during daily life: A systematic review on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies
Weber, J., Angerer, P., & Apolinário-Hagen, J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271996 · Cited by 126
Psychosocial functioning and the cortisol awakening response: meta-analysis, P-curve analysis, and evaluation of the evidential value in existing studies
Boggero, I. A., Hostinar, C. E., Haak, E. A., Murphy, M. L. M., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.058 · Cited by 97
Daily cortisol activity, loneliness, and coping efficacy in late adolescence
Drake, E. C., Sladek, M. R., & Doane, L. D. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025415581914 · Cited by 119
Self-citation
Genome-Wide Association Study of Loneliness Demonstrates a Role for Common Variation
Gao, J., Davis, L. K., Hart, A. B., Sanchez‐Roige, S., Han, L., Cacioppo, J. T., & Palmer, A. A. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.197 · Cited by 111
Perceived stress, coping, and cortisol reactivity in daily life: A study of adolescents during the first year of college
Sladek, M. R., Doane, L. D., Luecken, L. J., & Eisenberg, N. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.02.003 · Cited by 96
Self-citation
Spouses' Cortisol Associations and Moderators: Testing Physiological Synchrony and Connectedness in Everyday Life
Papp, L. M., Pendry, P., Simon, C. D., & Adam, E. K. (2012) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01413.x · Cited by 101
Self-citation
State variation in the cortisol awakening response
Law, R., Hucklebridge, F., Thorn, L., Evans, P., & Clow, A. (2013) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2013.817552 · Cited by 89
Cortisol Awakening Response and Hippocampal Volume: Vulnerability for Major Depressive Disorder?
Dedovic, K., Engert, V., Duchesne, A., Lue, S. D., Andrews, J., Efanov, S. I., Beaudry, T., & Pruessner, J. C. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.025 · Cited by 99
Momentary emotions and salivary cortisol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ecological momentary assessment studies
Joseph, N. T., Jiang, Y., & Zilioli, S. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.042 · Cited by 89
Close Relationships and Health in Daily Life
Stadler, G., Snyder, K. A., Horn, A. B., Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. P. (2012) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31825473b8 · Cited by 89
Loneliness, daily pain, and perceptions of interpersonal events in adults with fibromyalgia.
Wolf, L., & Davis, M. C. (2014) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000059 · Cited by 95
Cortisol in the morning and dimensions of anxiety, depression, and aggression in children from a general population and clinic-referred cohort: An integrated analysis. The TRAILS study
Dietrich, A., Ormel, J., Buitelaar, J. K., Verhulst, F. C., Hoekstra, P. J., & Hartman, C. A. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.013 · Cited by 90
Investigating associations between momentary stress and cortisol in daily life: What have we learned so far?
Schlotz, W. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.038 · Cited by 85
Latent trait cortisol (LTC) levels: Reliability, validity, and stability
Doane, L. D., Chen, F. R., Sladek, M. R., Van Lenten, S. A., & Granger, D. A. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.01.017 · Cited by 79
Self-citation
Effects of mood and rumination on cortisol levels in daily life: An ambulatory assessment study in remitted depressed patients and healthy controls
Huffziger, S., Ebner-Priemer, U., Zamoscik, V., Reinhard, I., Kirsch, P., & Kuehner, C. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.04.014 · Cited by 79
Loneliness: An Immunometabolic Syndrome
Pourriyahi, H., Yazdanpanah, N., Saghazadeh, A., & Rezaei, N. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182212162 · Cited by 98
Loneliness in the Daily Lives of Adolescents: An Experience Sampling Study Examining the Effects of Social Contexts
van Roekel, E., Scholte, R. H. J., Engels, R. C. M. E., Goossens, L., & Verhagen, M. (2015) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431614547049 · Cited by 73
Original Research
Theeke, L. A., & Mallow, J. A. (2013) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000434169.53750.14 · Cited by 76
Adverse Adolescent Relationship Histories and Young Adult Health: Cumulative Effects of Loneliness, Low Parental Support, Relationship Instability, Intimate Partner Violence, and Loss
Adam, E. K., Chyu, L., Hoyt, L. T., Doane, L. D., Boisjoly, J., Duncan, G. J., Chase-Lansdale, P. L., & McDade, T. W. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.012 · Cited by 75
Self-citation
Why the cognitive ‘fountain of youth’ may be upstream: pathways to dementia risk and resilience through social connectedness
Perry, B. L., McConnell, W. R., Coleman, M. E., Roth, A. R., Peng, S., & Apostolova, L. G. (2022) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12443 · Cited by 77
Feeling bad is not always unhealthy: Culture moderates the link between negative affect and diurnal cortisol profiles.
Park, J., Kitayama, S., Miyamoto, Y., & Coe, C. L. (2019) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000605 · Cited by 73
Social neuroscience: The social brain, oxytocin, and health
Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L. C., Cole, S. W., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2011.568702 · Cited by 77
Solitude and cortisol: Associations with state and trait affect in daily life
Matias, G. P., Nicolson, N. A., & Freire, T. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.12.011 · Cited by 71
Exploring day-to-day dynamics of daily stressor appraisals, physical symptoms and the cortisol awakening response
Gartland, N., O'Connor, D. B., Lawton, R., & Bristow, M. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.006 · Cited by 68
Reciprocal Relations Between Objectively Measured Sleep Patterns and Diurnal Cortisol Rhythms in Late Adolescence
Zeiders, K. H., Doane, L. D., & Adam, E. K. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.012 · Cited by 68
Self-citation
Evoking stress reactivity in virtual reality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
van Dammen, L., Finseth, T., McCurdy, B. H., Barnett, N. P., Conrady, R. A., Leach, A. G., Deick, A. F., Steenis, A. L. V., Gardner, R., Smith, B. L., et al. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104709 · Cited by 78
Concerns about appearing prejudiced get under the skin: Stress responses to interracial contact in the moment and across time
Trawalter, S., Adam, E. K., Chase-Lansdale, P. L., & Richeson, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.12.003 · Cited by 65
Self-citation
Testing, Stress, and Performance: How Students Respond Physiologically to High-Stakes Testing
Heissel, J. A., Adam, E. K., Doleac, J. L., Figlio, D., & Meer, J. (2019) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00306 · Cited by 64
Self-citation
The Effect of Psychological Stress and Social Isolation on Neuroimmunoendocrine Communication
Cruces, J., Venero, C., Pereda-Pérez, I., & la Fuente, M. D. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612820666140130205822 · Cited by 64
What contributes to perceived stress in later life? A recursive partitioning approach.
Scott, S., Jackson, B. R., & Bergeman, C. S. (2011) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0023180 · Cited by 73
Loneliness and psychotic experiences in a general population sample
Narita, Z. C., Stickley, A., & DeVylder, J. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.018 · Cited by 66
Stress, Sleep, and Performance on Standardized Tests: Understudied Pathways to the Achievement Gap
Heissel, J. A., Levy, D. J., & Adam, E. K. (2017) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/2332858417713488 · Cited by 74
Self-citation
What's in a Day? A Guide to Decomposing the Variance in Intensive Longitudinal Data
de Haan-Rietdijk, S., Kuppens, P., & Hamaker, E. L. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00891 · Cited by 60
Positive affect and distressed affect over the day in older people.
Steptoe, A., Leigh, E. S., & Meena Kumari, B. (2011) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0023303 · Cited by 70
Breaking the vicious cycle: The interplay between loneliness, metabolic illness, and mental health
Ahmed, M., Cerda, I. H., & Maloof, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134865 · Cited by 64
Daily rumination about stress, sleep, and diurnal cortisol activity
Sladek, M. R., Doane, L. D., & Breitenstein, R. S. (2019) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1601617 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Latino adolescents’ cultural values associated with diurnal cortisol activity
Sladek, M. R., Doane, L. D., Gonzales, N. A., Grimm, K. J., & Luecken, L. J. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104403 · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Daily Diary Reports of Social Connection, Objective Sleep, and the Cortisol Awakening Response During Adolescents’ First Year of College
Sladek, M. R., & Doane, L. D. (2014) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0244-2 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
The relationship between loneliness and cognition in healthy older men and women: The role of cortisol
Montoliu, T., Hidalgo, V., & Salvador, A. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.024 · Cited by 61
Contextual Moderators of Momentary Cortisol and Negative Affect in Adolescents' Daily Lives
Doane, L. D., & Zeiders, K. H. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.007 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Positive and Negative Affect and Arousal
Hoyt, L. T., Craske, M. G., Mineka, S., & Adam, E. K. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000178 · Cited by 60
Self-citation
Social Withdrawal, Loneliness, and Health in Schizophrenia: Psychological and Neural Mechanisms
Fulford, D., & Holt, D. J. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbad099 · Cited by 59
Refining the Candidate Environment
Vrshek‐Schallhorn, S., Mineka, S., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., Griffith, J. W., Sutton, J. M., Redei, E. E., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Hammen, C. L., & Adam, E. K. (2013) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613499329 · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Effectiveness of LISTEN on loneliness, neuroimmunological stress response, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and physical health measures of chronic illness
Theeke, L. A., Mallow, J. A., Moore, J. E., McBurney, A., Rellick, S. L., & VanGilder, R. L. (2016) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.08.004 · Cited by 62
Loneliness in older adults is associated with diminished cortisol output
Schutter, N., Holwerda, T. J., Stek, M. L., Dekker, J., Rhebergen, D., & Comijs, H. C. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.02.002 · Cited by 53
Reframing Time Spent Alone: Reappraisal Buffers the Emotional Effects of Isolation
Rodriguez, M., Bellet, B. W., & McNally, R. J. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10128-x · Cited by 55
Consequences of pandemic-associated social restrictions: Role of social support and the oxytocin system
Gryksa, K., & Neumann, I. D. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105601 · Cited by 53
Social isolation and diurnal cortisol patterns in an ageing cohort
Stafford, M., Gardner, M. P., Meena Kumari, B., Kuh, D. J., & Ben‐Shlomo, Y. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.07.002 · Cited by 49
Exposure to police-related deaths and physiological stress among urban black youth
Browning, C. R., Tarrence, J. A., LaPlant, E. G., Boettner, B. L., Schmeer, K. K., Calder, C. A., Way, B. M., & Ford, J. L. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104884 · Cited by 50
How to assess and interpret everyday life salivary cortisol measures: A tutorial on practical and statistical considerations
Stoffel, M., Neubauer, A., & Ditzen, B. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105391 · Cited by 44
Cerebral Lateralization of Pro- and Anti-Social Tendencies
Hecht, D. (2014) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en.2014.23.1.1 · Cited by 46

Authors: Doane, L. D., & Adam, E. K.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author: Doane, Leah D.
ORCID: Doane, Leah D.
Adam, Emma K.
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-04
Volume: 35
Issue: 3
Pages: 430-441
ISSN: 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.08.005
PMC: PMC2841363
OpenAlex: W2092784420
Semantic Scholar: 525cf6bb865f3c34da9f7be891d327a725bfca7d
Cited by: 342
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 4.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Northwestern University
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH065652, R01 MH65652)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords: loneliness, cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, diurnal cortisol rhythm, cortisol awakening response, interpersonal stress, depression, trait loneliness, state loneliness, young adults, social determinants of health, physiological stress
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Interpersonal Relations, Loneliness, Male, Medical Records, Periodicity, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Loneliness and cortisol: Momentary, day-to-day, and trait associations

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks