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Association between anxiety and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
Abstract
Objective Epidemiological studies have repeatedly investigated the association between anxiety and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to summarize the evidence regarding the relation of anxiety and MetS risk.Methods We performed a systematic literature search of all studies published in PubMed and EMBASE from its inception to June 2016. Cross-sectional and cohort studies that reported an association between the two conditions in adults were included. Data on prevalence, incidence, unadjusted or adjusted odds ratio (OR), and 95% CI were extracted or provided independently by the authors. Random effects model was used to report the pooled OR. The I 2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's test and Begger's test were used to evaluate the publication bias.Results The search yielded 18 cross-sectional studies and two cohort studies. The pooled finding from cross-sectional studies showed that anxiety had a significant positive association with MetS (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.12), with moderate heterogeneity (I 2=45.7%, P=0.018). Findings from two cohort studies indicated that the association between anxiety and MetS was insignificant.Conclusion Our results suggest that there is an association between anxiety and MetS. In individuals with MetS anxiety should be detected and managed. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the bidirectional association between anxiety and MetS.
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“The odds of developing major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety increase as a function of the number of coexisting metabolic impairments, such as those characteristic of metabolic syndrome [3,4].”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tang, F., Wang, G., & Lian, Y.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- Fourth People’s Hospital of Jinan (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Lian, Ying
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 77
- Pages
- 112-121
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2558935924
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- anxiety, metabolic syndrome, psychological stress, cardiovascular risk factors, bidirectional relationship, prevalence, incidence
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Humans, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Metabolic Syndrome
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