There is an association between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and depression score in adolescent girls
Abstract
Background Whilst there is evidence of an association between depression and inflammation in adults, there is limited data on this in adolescents particularly in non-westernized populations. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum hs-CRP level and depression score in adolescent girls living in northwestern Iran.Method Serum hs-CRP was measured in 563 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years. Depression score was assessed using the Beck's depression inventory II (BDI-II). RESULTS: Serum hs-CRP was 0.61 (0.30-0.88) mg/L [median (interquartile range)] in the non-depressed group, 0.97 (0.50-1.82) mg/L in the group with a mild depression score, 1.04 (0.57-1.60) mg/L in those with a moderate depression score, and 0.84 (0.45-2.64) mg/L in girls with severe depression (Kruskal-Wallis test, P<0.001). It has shown that hs-CRP is significantly higher in depressed groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, BMI, waist circumference, social class, alcohol consumption, smoking or being passive smoker and recent infections, showed that depression scores were positively associated with serum hs-CRP level (OR=1.93, P<0.001). Using a linear model after adjustment, B (the unstandardized beta) of hs-CRP according to the depression score was 1.43, P<0.001.Conclusion There is a significant association between serum hs-CRP and depression score in adolescent girls. The cross sectional study design does not allow us to conclude that there is a direct relationship between inflammation and depression, and this would need to be tested in an intervention study.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Multinomial logistic regression analysis, controlling for covariates, showed that depression scores were positively associated with serum hs-CRP levels (p < 0.001).
“Multinomial logistic regression analysis, controlling for covariates, showed that depression scores were positively associated with serum hs-CRP levels (p < 0.001) [72].”
From C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder? (2022) · cites this paper as [72]
In 563 adolescent girls, serum hs-CRP levels were 0.61 (0.30-0.88) mg/L in the non-depressed group, 0.97 (0.50-1.82) mg/L in the group with a mild depression score, 1.04 (0.57-1.60) mg/L in those with a moderate depression score, and 0.84 (0.45-2.64) mg/L in girls with severe depression (p < 0.001).
“A cross-sectional study included 563 adolescent girls, aged 12–18 years, aimed at investigating the association between hs-CRP levels and depressive symptomatology assessed through BDI-II [72]. Serum hs-CRP levels were 0.61 (0.30–0.88) mg/L in the non-depressed group, 0.97 (0.50–1.82) mg/L in the group with a mild depression score, 1.04 (0.57–1.60) mg/L in those with a moderate depression score,”
From C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder? (2022) · cites this paper as [72]
Cites
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,729 · see citing works
Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression
Miller, A. H., Maletic, V., & Raison, C. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029 · Cited by 3,848 · see citing works
Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis.
Howren, M. B., Lamkin, D. M., & Suls, J. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181907c1b · Cited by 2,766 · see citing works
Goldsmith, D. R., Rapaport, M. H., & Miller, B. J. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.3 · Cited by 1,683 · see citing works
Haapakoski, R., Mathieu, J., Ebmeier, K. P., Alenius, H., & Kivimäki, M. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.001 · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Depression as a predictor for coronary heart disease
Rugulies, R. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00439-7 · Cited by 1,110 · see citing works
Khandaker, G. M., Pearson, R. M., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1332 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
Gimeno, D., Kivimäki, M., Brunner, E. J., Elovainio, M., De Vogli, R., Steptoe, A., Kumari, M., Lowe, G. D. O., Rumley, A., Marmot, M. G., et al. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003723 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Sobocki, P., Jönsson, B., Angst, J., & Rehnberg, C. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Penninx, B. W. J. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Yaffe, K. S., Newman, A. B., Simonsick, E. M., Rubin, S. M., Ferrucci, L., Harris, T. B., & Pahor, M. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01811-5 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Prerequisites for cytokine measurements in clinical trials with multiplex immunoassays
de Jager, W., Bourcier, K., Rijkers, G. T., Prakken, B. J., & Seyfert‐Margolis, V. (2009) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-52 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Cumulative Depression Episodes Predict Later C-Reactive Protein Levels: A Prospective Analysis
Copeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Worthman, C., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.023 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Inflammatory Proteins and Depression in the Elderly
Tiemeier, H. W., Albert Hofman, D., van Tuijl, H. R., Kiliaan, A. J., Meijer, J., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2003) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200301000-00025 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Cytokines as a stressor: implications for depressive illness
Anisman, H., Hayley, S. P., Turrin, N. P., & Merali, Z. (2002) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145702003097 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Tabatabaeizadeh, S., Avan, A., Bahrami, A., Khodashenas, E., Esmaily, H., Ferns, G. A., Abdizadeh, M. F., & Ghayour‐Mobarhan, M. (2017) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.26084 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of Depression in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Vieweg, W. V. R., Julius, D. A., Fernandez, A., Wulsin, L. R., Mohanty, P. K., Beatty-Brooks, M., Hasnain, M., & Pandurangi, A. K. (2006) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.02.037 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder?
Orsolini, L., Pompili, S., Tempia Valenta, S., Salvi, V., & Volpe, U. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031616 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Testosterone imbalance may link depression and increased body weight in premenopausal women
Stanikova, D., Zsido, R. G., Luck, T., Pabst, A., Enzenbach, C., Bae, Y. J., Thiery, J., Ceglarek, U., Engel, C., Wirkner, K., et al. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0487-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Jung, Y.-E., & Kang, K. Y. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104397 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tabatabaeizadeh, S.-A., Abdizadeh, M. F., Meshkat, Z., Khodashenas, E., Darroudi, S., Fazeli, M., Ferns, G. A., Avan, A., & Ghayour-Mobarhan, M.
- Affiliations
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Avan, Amir
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 88
- Pages
- 102-104
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2770923878
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, depression, adolescent girls, inflammation, serum biomarkers, Beck Depression Inventory-II, northwest Iran
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, C-Reactive Protein, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Iran
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
