Gender-affirming hormone treatment and cognitive function in transgender young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have examined whether steroid hormone treatment in transgender individuals may affect cognitive function; yet, their limited power does not allow firm conclusions to be drawn. We leveraged data from to-date literature aiming to explore the effect of gender-affirming hormone administration on cognitive function in transgender individuals. METHODS: A search strategy of MEDLINE was developed (through June 1, 2019) using the key terms transgender, hormone therapy and cognitive function. Eligible were (i) cohort studies examining the longitudinal effect of hormone therapy on cognition, and (ii) cross-sectional studies comparing the cognitive function between treated and non-treated individuals. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) were pooled using random-effects models. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. OUTCOMES: Ten studies (seven cohort and three cross-sectional) were eligible representing 234 birth-assigned males (aM) and 150 birth-assigned females (aF). The synthesis of cohort studies (n = 5) for visuospatial ability following hormone treatment showed a statistically significant enhancement among aF (g = 0.55, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.29, 0.82) and an improvement with a trend towards statistical significance among aM (g = 0.28, 95%CI: -0.01, 0.58). By contrast, no adverse effects of hormone administration were shown. No heterogeneity was evident in most meta-analyses. INTERPRETATION: Current evidence does not support an adverse impact of hormone therapy on cognitive function, whereas a statistically significant enhancing effect on visuospatial ability was shown in aF. New longitudinal studies with longer follow-up should explore the long-term effects of hormone therapy, especially the effects on younger individuals, where there is greater scarcity of data.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In a recent meta-analysis, HRT was found not to affect the motor coordination or visuospatial abilities of transwomen.
“in a recent meta-analysis, HRT was found not to affect the motor coordination or visuospatial abilities of transwomen [47].”
From Integrating Transwomen and Female Athletes with Differences of Sex Development (DSD) into Elite Competition: The FIMS 2021 Consensus Statement (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
Section 3.4 (page unavailable) reports a non-significant trend toward improved visuospatial ability in assigned-male transgender participants, not evidence that HRT had no effect. Its explicit finding of no significant change in motor coordination concerns assigned-female participants, not transwomen. The claim therefore overstates the visuospatial result and applies the motor-coordination finding to a different group. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623 · see citing works
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633 · see citing works
Lakens, D. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863 · Cited by 10,303 · see citing works
The psychology of sex differences
Maccoby, E. E. (1975) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80031-1 · Cited by 5,714 · see citing works
Meta-analysis in clinical trials revisited
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (2015) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.09.002 · Cited by 2,677 · see citing works
Shumaker, S. A., Legault, C., Rapp, S. R., Thal, L., Wallace, R. B., Ockene, J. K., Hendrix, S. L., Jones III, B. N., Assaf, A. R., Jackson, R. D., et al. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.20.2651 · Cited by 2,178 · see citing works
How to select, calculate, and interpret effect sizes.
Durlak, J. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp004 · Cited by 1,487 · see citing works
The Psychology of Sex Differences
Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974) · Stanford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781503620797 · Cited by 1,301 · see citing works
Transgender people: health at the margins of society
Winter, S., Diamond, M., Green, J., Karasic, D. H., Reed, T., Whittle, S., & Wylie, K. R. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00683-8 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
Tufanaru, C., Munn, Z., Stephenson, M., & Aromataris, E. (2015) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000065 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
Estradiol and the Developing Brain
McCARTHY, M. M. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2007 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality
Zhou, J., Hofman, M. A., Gooren, L. J., & Swaab, D. F. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378068a0 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Wiepjes, C. M., Nota, N. M., de Blok, C. J. M., Klaver, M., de Vries, A. L. C., Wensing-Kruger, S. A., de Jongh, R. T., Bouman, M., Steensma, T. D., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.01.016 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Space in the brain: How the hippocampal formation supports spatial cognition
Hartley, T., Lever, C., Burgess, N., & O'Keefe, J. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0510 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies in Transsexualism
Arcelus, J., Bouman, W. P., Noortgate, W. V. D., Claes, L., Witcomb, G. L., & Fernández‐Aranda, F. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.04.005 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Reed, G. M., Drescher, J., Krueger, R. B., Atalla, E., Cochran, S. D., First, M. B., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Arango‐de Montis, I., Parish, S. J., Cottler, S., et al. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20354 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Cohen, J. F., Chalumeau, M., Cohen, R., Korevaar, D. A., Khoshnood, B., & Bossuyt, P. M. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.005 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Littman, L. L. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202330 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Minding the body: Situating gender identity diagnoses in the ICD-11
Drescher, J., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., & Winter, S. (2012) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2012.741575 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Sex, sexual orientation and sex hormones influence human cognitive function
Kimura, D. (1996) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80081-x · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Prevalence of Transgender Depends on the “Case” Definition: A Systematic Review
Collin, L. J., Reisner, S. L., Tangpricha, V., & Goodman, M. G. (2016) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.001 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Effects of Combination Estrogen Plus Progestin Hormone Treatment on Cognition and Affect
Resnick, S. M., Maki, P. M., Rapp, S. R., Espeland, M. A., Brunner, R. L., Coker, L. H., Granek, I. A., Hogan, P. E., Ockene, J. K., & Shumaker, S. A. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2097 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Gender differences in behaviour: Activating effects of cross-sex hormones
van Goozen, S. H. M., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Gooren, L. J., Frijda, N. H., & van de Poll, N. E. (1995) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)00076-x · Cited by 279 · see citing works
From estrogen to androgen receptor: A new pathway for sex hormones in prostate
Yeh, S., Miyamoto, H., Shima, H., & Chang, C. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.10.5527 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Gender differences in individual variation in academic grades fail to fit expected patterns for STEM
O’Dea, R. E., Lagisz, M., Jennions, M. D., & Nakagawa, S. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06292-0 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Puts, D. A., McDaniel, M. A., Jordan, C. L., & Breedlove, S. M. (2007) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9271-3 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Grimshaw, G. M., Sitarenios, G., & Finegan, J. K. (1995) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1006/brcg.1995.1269 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Dhejne, C., Öberg, K. G., Arver, S., & Landén, M. (2014) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0300-8 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Shanmugan, S., & Epperson, C. N. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22218 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Gender-Affirming Hormone Use in Transgender Individuals: Impact on Behavioral Health and Cognition
Nguyen, H. B., Chavez, A. M., Lipner, E., Hantsoo, L. V., Kornfield, S. L., Davies, R. D., & Epperson, C. N. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0973-0 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Principles of plasticity in the developing brain
Kolb, B. E., Harker, A., & Gibb, R. L. (2017) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.13546 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Roles of estrogen receptors α and β in differentiation of mouse sexual behavior
Kudwa, A. E., Michopoulos, V., Gatewood, J. D., & Rissman, E. F. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.10.018 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Sex/gender differences in cognition, neurophysiology, and neuroanatomy
Jäncke, L. (2018) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.13917.1 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Rametti, G., Carrillo, B., Gómez-Gil, E., Junque, C., Segovia, S., Gomez, Á., & Guillamon, A. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.006 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Body Image in Transmen: Multidimensional Measurement and the Effects of Mastectomy
van de Grift, T. C., Kreukels, B. P. C., Elfering, L., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.09.003 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Slabbekoorn, D., van Goozen, S. H. M., Megens, J. A. J., Gooren, L. J., & Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T. (1999) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00091-2 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Laube, C., van den Bos, W., & Fandakova, Y. (2020) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100753 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Gender incongruence/gender dysphoria and its classification history
Beek, T. F., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., & Kreukels, B. P. C. (2015) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1091293 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Testosterone levels and spatial ability in men
Silverman, I., Kastuk, D., Choi, J., & Phillips, K. (1999) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00031-1 · Cited by 159 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2016); these differences seem to be mainly attributed to circulating hormonal changes (Ali et al., 2018; Beking et al., 2018; Burke et al., 2016b; Nguyen, 2018; Silverman et al., 1999).”
Girls’ comparative advantage in reading can largely explain the gender gap in math-related fields
Breda, T., & Napp, C. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1905779116 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Hormone therapy, dementia, and cognition: the Women's Health Initiative 10 years on
Maki, P. M., & Henderson, V. W. (2012) · Climacteric · doi:10.3109/13697137.2012.660613 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Swaab, D. F. (2004) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590400018231 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Effects of testosterone on spatial learning and memory in adult male rats
Spritzer, M. D., Daviau, E. D., Coneeny, M. K., Engelman, S. M., Prince, W., & Rodriguez-Wisdom, K. N. (2011) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.01.009 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
van Goozen, S. H. M., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Gooren, L. J., Frijda, N. H., & van de Poll, N. E. (1994) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)90099-x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Imperato‐McGinley, J., Peterson, R. E., Gautier, T., Cooper, G., Danner, R. L., Arthur, A. B., Morris, P. L., Sweeney, W. J., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-5-931 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Schöning, S., Engelien, A., Bauer, C., Kugel, H., Kersting, A., Roestel, C., Zwitserlood, P., Pyka, M., Dannlowski, U., Lehmann, W., et al. (2010) · Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01484.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Molecular basis of Gender Dysphoria: androgen and estrogen receptor interaction
Fernández, R., Guillamón, A., Cortés-Cortés, J., Gómez‐Gil, E., Jácome, M. A., Esteva, I., Almaraz, M., Mora, M., Aranda, G. B., & Pásaro, E. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.032 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Estrogen and Memory in a Transsexual Population
Miles, C., Green, R., Sanders, G., & Hines, M. (1998) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1006/hbeh.1998.1478 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Imperato‐McGlnley, J., Plchardo, M., Gautier, T., Voyer, D., & Bryden, M. P. (1991) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1991.tb00303.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Salivary testosterone does not predict mental rotation performance in men or women
Puts, D. A., Cárdenas, R. A., Bailey, D. H., Burriss, R. P., Jordan, C. L., & Breedlove, S. M. (2010) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.03.005 · Cited by 89 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Whether androgens have activation effects that enhance spatial ability in aM and aF with functional androgen receptors cannot be oversimplified and remains less conclusive (Pintzka et al., 2016; Puts et al., 2010; Spritzer et al., 2011).”
Organizing and activating effects of sex hormones in homosexual transsexuals.
Goozen, S. H. M. V., Slabbekoorn, D., Gooren, L. J., Sanders, G., & Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T. (2002) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.116.6.982 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Structural Connectivity Networks of Transgender People
Hahn, A., Kranz, G. S., Küblböck, M., Kaufmann, U., Ganger, S., Hummer, A., Seiger, R., Spies, M., Winkler, D., Kasper, S. F., et al. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu194 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Simon, L., Kozák, L. R., Simon, V., Czobor, P., Unoka, Z., Szabó, Á., & Csukly, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083947 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Shadid, S., Abosi-Appeadu, K., Maertelaere, A.-S. D., Defreyne, J., Veldeman, L., Holst, J. J., Lapauw, B., Vilsbøll, T., & T'Sjoen, G. G. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1061 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Distinct cognitive effects of estrogen and progesterone in menopausal women
Berent‐Spillson, A., Briceño, E. M., Pinsky, A. N., Simmen, A. M., Persad, C. C., Zubieta, J., & Smith, Y. R. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.020 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
COGNITIVE ABILITY AND CEREBRAL LATERALISATION IN TRANSSEXUALS
Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., van Goozen, S. H. M., Doorn, C. D., & Gooren, L. J. (1998) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00033-x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
A review of neuropsychological and motor studies in Turner Syndrome
der Sanden, M. W. G. N., Eling, P., & Otten, B. J. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00062-9 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Burke, S., Kreukels, B. P. C., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Veltman, D. J., Klink, D. T., & Bakker, J. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.150147 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Berenbaum, S. A. (2001) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(08)70025-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
McAbee, M. D., & DonCarlos, L. L. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.8.6901 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Carrillo, B., Gomez-Gil, E., Rametti, G., Junqué, C., Gómez, Á., Karádi, K., Segovia, S., & Guillamon, A. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.02.010 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Hormonal Influences on Cognitive Function
Ali, S. A., Begum, T., & Reza, F. (2018) · Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.21315/mjms2018.25.4.3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Estrogen treatment effects on cognition, memory and mood in male-to-female transsexuals
Miles, C., Green, R. A., & Hines, M. (2006) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.06.008 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Skordis, N., Butler, G. E., de Vries, M. C., Main, K. M., & Hannema, S. E. (2018) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000496115 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Regional cerebral blood flow changes in female to male gender identity disorder
Nawata, H., Ogomori, K., Tanaka, M. H., Nishimura, R., Urashima, H., Yano, R., Takano, K., & Kuwabara, Y. (2010) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.02059.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Developmental effects of androgens in the human brain
Nguyen, T.-V. (2018) · Journal of neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12486 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Pintzka, C. W. S., Evensmoen, H. R., Lehn, H., & Håberg, A. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.056 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Nguyen, T.-V., Lew, J., Albaugh, M. D., Botteron, K., Hudziak, J., Fonov, V. S., Collins, D. L., Ducharme, S., & McCracken, J. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.12.005 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Palmiero, M., Nori, R., Rogolino, C., D'Amico, S., & Piccardi, L. (2016) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4643-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Prenatal and pubertal testosterone affect brain lateralization
Beking, T., Geuze, R. H., van Faassen, M. H. J. R., Kema, I. P., Kreukels, B. P. C., & Groothuis, T. G. G. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.10.027 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sherwin, B. B., & Grigorova, M. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.079 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Classifying Intersex in DSM-5: Critical Reflections on Gender Dysphoria
Kraus, C. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0550-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sexual and reproductive health considerations among transgender and gender-expansive youth
Mehringer, J. E., & Dowshen, N. (2019) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2019.100684 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Androgen treatment effects on memory in female-to-male transsexuals
Gómez‐Gil, E., Cañizares, S., Torres, A., de la Torre, F., Halperín, I., & Salamero, M. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.017 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Wisniewski, A. B., Prendeville, M. T., & Dobs, A. S. (2005) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-005-1794-x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Haraldsen, I., Egeland, T., Haug, E., Finset, A., & Opjordsmoen, S. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.05.014 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Shanmugan, S., Loughead, J., Nanga, R. P. R., Elliott, M., Hariharan, H., Appleby, D., Kim, D., Ruparel, K., Reddy, R., Brown, T. E., et al. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.162 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Beking, T., Burke, S., Geuze, R. H., Staphorsius, A. S., Bakker, J., Groothuis, T. G. G., & Kreukels, B. P. C. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104461 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Nota, N. M., Kreukels, B. P. C., den Heijer, M., Veltman, D. J., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Burke, S., & Bakker, J. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.014 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Spatial Ability Explains the Male Advantage in Approximate Arithmetic
Wei, W., Chen, C.-S., & Zhou, X.-L. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00306 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Endogenous neural precursor cells in health and disease
Bacigaluppi, M., Sferruzza, G., Butti, E., Ottoboni, L., & Martino, G. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146619 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sex, age, and sex hormones affect recall of words in a directed forgetting paradigm
Kerschbaum, H., Hofbauer, I., Gföllner, A., Ebner, B., Bresgen, N., & Bäuml, K. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23973 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The effects of estrogen on short-term memory in genetic men.
Friedman, G. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hamilton, B. R., Lima, G., Barrett, J., Seal, L., Kolliari-Turner, A., Wang, G., Karanikolou, A., Bigard, X., Löllgen, H., Zupet, P., et al. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01451-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Karalexi, M. A., Georgakis, M. K., Dimitriou, N. G., Vichos, T., Katsimpris, A., Petridou, E. T., & Papadopoulos, F. C.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Papadopoulos, Fotios C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 119
- Pages
- 104721
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3029883418
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- gender-affirming hormone therapy, cognitive function, transgender young adults, visuospatial ability, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Gender Dysphoria, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Spatial Behavior, Transsexualism, Cohort Studies, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Young Adult, Gender-Affirming Procedures, Transgender Persons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
