White matter microstructure in female to male transsexuals before cross-sex hormonal treatment. A diffusion tensor imaging study
Abstract
Background Some gray and white matter regions of the brain are sexually dimorphic. The best MRI technique for identifying subtle differences in white matter is diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether white matter patterns in female to male (FtM) transsexuals before commencing cross-sex hormone treatment are more similar to that of their biological sex or to that of their gender identity.Method DTI was performed in 18 FtM transsexuals and 24 male and 19 female heterosexual controls scanned with a 3 T Trio Tim Magneton. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed on white matter fibers of the whole brain, which was spatially analyzed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics.Results In controls, males have significantly higher FA values than females in the medial and posterior parts of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the forceps minor, and the corticospinal tract. Compared to control females, FtM showed higher FA values in posterior part of the right SLF, the forceps minor and corticospinal tract. Compared to control males, FtM showed only lower FA values in the corticospinal tract.Conclusions Our results show that the white matter microstructure pattern in untreated FtM transsexuals is closer to the pattern of subjects who share their gender identity (males) than those who share their biological sex (females). Our results provide evidence for an inherent difference in the brain structure of FtM transsexuals.
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Between 3 and 60 months, females have a higher rate of myelination than males in the genu of the corpus callosum, left frontal and left temporal white matter, and right optic radiation.
“between 3 and 60 months, females exhibit a higher rate of myelination compared with males in the genu of the corpus callosum, in left frontal and left temporal white matter, and in the right optic radiation130.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [130]
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- Authors
- Rametti, G., Carrillo, B., Gómez-Gil, E., Junque, C., Segovia, S., Gomez, Á., & Guillamon, A.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (ES)
- ORCID
- Carrillo, Beatriz
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 199-204
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2103554216
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 13.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Emory University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- female-to-male transsexuals, white matter microstructure, sexual dimorphism, brain structure, gender identity, superior longitudinal fasciculus, forceps minor, corticospinal tract, fractional anisotropy, sex differences in brain
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Male, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Sex Characteristics, Transsexualism, Young Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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