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Cited by 823Knee injuries and reconstruction techniquesSport Psychology and PerformanceSports injuries and prevention

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Development and preliminary validation of a scale to measure the psychological impact of returning to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery

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Webster, Kate E., Feller, Julian A., Lambros, Christina·2008·Physical Therapy in Sport
DOI 10.1016/j.ptsp.2007.09.003
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Abstract

Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure the psychological impact of returning to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Main outcome measure Three types of psychological responses believed to be associated with resumption of sport following athletic injury--emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal--were incorporated into a 12-item ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale. Participants Two hundred and twenty participants who had undergone ACL reconstruction completed the scale between 8 and 22 months following surgery. Results The scale was shown to have acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.92). Participants who had given up sport scored significantly lower on the scale (reflecting a more negative psychological response) than those who had returned or were planning to return to sport (p Conclusion It was concluded that the decision to return to sport after ACL reconstruction is associated with a significant psychological response. Preliminary reliability and validity was found for the ACL-RSI scale. This scale may help to identify athletes who will find sport resumption difficult.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ptsp.2007.09.003

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  • Clinicians use objective factors such as age, time from injury, and strength symmetry in clinical decision-making for return to sport after ACLR; however, these alone do not fully explain why some athletes do not return to sport despite achieving adequate physical rehabilitation.

    “Clinicians use objective factors such as age, time from injury, and strength symmetry in clinical decision-making for return to sport after ACLR5–11; however, these alone do not fully explain why some athletes do not return to sport despite achieving adequate physical rehabilitation.12–15”

    From Determinants of Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2026) · cites this paper as [11]

  • The ACL-RSI and TSK-11 are commonly used to assess psychological readiness and kinesiophobia after ACL reconstruction, respectively.

    “The Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport After Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) and the TSK-11 are commonly used to assess psychological readiness and kinesiophobia after ACLR, respectively (Woby et al., 2005; Webster et al., 2008; Webster and Feller, 2018; Cirrincione et al., 2023).”

    From The relationship between psychological readiness to return to sport and kinesiophobia in teens and young adults after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2025) · cites this paper as Webster et al., 2008

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Metadata

Authors
Webster, K. E., Feller, J. A., & Lambros, C.
Affiliations
La Trobe University (AU)
Corresponding author
Webster, Kate E.
ORCID
Venue
Physical Therapy in Sport
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-02
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
9-15
ISSN
1466-853X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ptsp.2007.09.003
OpenAlex
W2087603913
Cited by
823
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 106 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
FWCI
3.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Physical Therapy in Sport (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
Keywords
anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, return to sport, psychological impact, ACL-RSI scale, scale development, sports injuries, emotions, performance confidence, risk assessment, athletes, psychometric validation
MeSH terms
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Adolescent, Adult, Athletic Injuries, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sports, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Recovery of Function, Young Adult

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