Cited by 271Family and Disability Support ResearchAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchBehavioral and Psychological Studies

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The effects of a parent-focused intervention for children with a recent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on parenting stress and competence

Keen, Deb, Couzens, Donna, Muspratt, Sandy, Rodger, Sylvia·2010·Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.009

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“These mothers, due to their important role in family life, marriage relationship, and daily caring and nurturing of children, face more problems; thus, they are under considerable stress and more susceptible to physical and psychological disorders and have poorer general health (Keen et al. 2010).”
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Pivotal Response Treatment for School-Aged Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
de Korte, M. W. P., Smeekens, I., Buitelaar, J. K., Staal, W., & van Dongen‐Boomsma, M. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-04886-0 · Cited by 19
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“Parents of children with ASD may have increased caregiving demands and require additional intervention.(13) Although limited, this research suggests that health behaviors may be negatively affected and related to chronic stress among parents of children with LADs or ASD.”
Background
Developmental milestones in toddlers with atypical development
Horovitz, M., & Matson, J. L. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.07.039 · Cited by 19
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The relationship between parental involvement and psychological adjustment among Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder in the transition from kindergarten to primary school: A chain-mediating model
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A Systematic Review of Social Communication and Interaction Interventions for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hirvikoski, T., Jonsson, U., Halldner, L., Lundequist, A., de Schipper, E. J., Nordin, V., & Bölte, S. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.21307/sjcapp-2015-016 · Cited by 19
“In a study by Keen and colleagues (73), families were assigned to a professionally supported intervention that included a workshop and 10 home visits (n = 17) or to a self-directed video-based intervention (n = 22).”
Background
Treatment-related changes in children’s communication impact on maternal satisfaction and psychological distress
Öztürk, Y., Vivanti, G., Uljarević, M., & Dissanayake, C. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.05.021 · Cited by 21
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“Once again, this shows the importance of characterising when milestones emerge in DS (Keen et al. 2010; Leaf et al. 2010; Matson et al. 2010).”
Background
Parental Self-perception in the Autism Spectrum Disorder Literature: a Systematic Mixed Studies Review
Frantzen, K. K., Lauritsen, M. B., Jørgensen, M., Tanggaard, L., Fetters, M. D., Aikens, J. E., & Bjerrum, M. B. (2015) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-015-0063-8 · Cited by 16
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Aw, S., Widiarti, P. W., Setiawan, B., Mustaffa, N., Ali, M. N. S., & Hastasari, C. (2020) · INFORMASI · doi:10.21831/informasi.v50i2.36847 · Cited by 21
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Bianco, T. D., Öztürk, Y., Basadonne, I., Mazzoni, N., & Venuti, P. (2018) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v14i3.1453 · Cited by 20
“This intervention resulted efficacious in reducing child-related parental stress (Keen et al., 2010), but the follow-up, standard assessment did not detect a significant degree of improvement.”
Background
Self-efficacy as a mediator between involvement in intervention and quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Fante, C., Zagaria, A., Dioni, B., Raffin, C., Capelli, F., Manari, T., Lenzo, V., Picione, R. D. L., & Musetti, A. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102351 · Cited by 15
Fostering Resilience among Couples Coparenting a Young Child with Autism: An Evaluation of Together We Are Stronger
Mendez, L. M. R., Berkman, K. A., Lam, G. Y. H., & Dawkins, C. (2019) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926187.2019.1624225 · Cited by 15
Role of Pediatricians in Fostering Resilience in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Zand, D. H., Braddock, B. A., Baig, W., Deasy, J., & Maxim, R. A. (2013) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.074 · Cited by 15
Empirical validation of a model predicting depression, anxiety, and stress in parents of children with autism
Bones, S., Norris, K., & Quinn, M. G. (2019) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12190 · Cited by 17
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“Group resilience training, incorporating psychotherapy approaches such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and psychoeducation, have also shown positive effects (Blackledge & Hayes, 2006; Chiang, 2014; Keen et al., 2010; Shu & Lung, 2005).”
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The Relationship Between Social Affect and Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors Measured on the ADOS-2 and Maternal Stress
Schutte, C., Richardson, W., Devlin, M., Hill, J., Ghossainy, M. E., & Hewitson, L. C. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3453-1 · Cited by 17
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Kingsley, K. L., Sagester, G., & Weaver, L. L. (2020) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2020.039768 · Cited by 13
“…I, 1 Level II) with moderate risk of bias addresses group-based parent training interventions, including facilitated and self-directed parenting groups (Barlow et al., 2016; Elizur et al., 2017; Finch et al., 2016; Herbert et al., 2013; Keen et al., 2010 & Bovey, 2011; Vancraeyveldt et al., 2015).”
The Effect of Happiness Training Based on Fordyce Model on Perceived Stress in the Mothers of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Hemati, Z., Abbasi, S., Paki, S., & Kiani, D. (2017) · Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.15171/jcs.2017.017 · Cited by 12
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PARENT’S SELF-EFFICACY, EMOTIONALITY, AND INTELLECTUAL ABILITY IMPACTING THE INTERVENTION OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A REVIEW PROPOSED MODEL FOR APPRAISAL OF INTERVENTION
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Complication of pharyngeal suction.
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“This study aligns with previous work highlighting the need to address parenting stress among caregivers of children with autism, especially in the context of caregiver-mediated interventions (Keen et al., 2010; Osborne et al., 2008).”
Result
Intensive Behavioral Intervention for school-aged children with autism: Una Breccia nel Muro (UBM)—A Comprehensive Behavioral Model
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“This is supported by findings in research regarding children with autism spectrum disorder, were the time to diagnosis and waiting time for intervention can be stressful for parents (18), and the child’s delay and impairment in social skills is a predictor of parental stress (19).”
Background
Otizmli Çocuğa Sahip Ailelerin Yaşadıkları Zorluklara İlişkin Deneyimleri
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“There are some suggestions that EIBI can reduce parental stress (Keen et al., 2010; Strauss et al., 2012) and the current results are consistent with this work.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Individualized Assessment of Prelinguistic Communication
Brady, N. C., & Keen, D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0713-2_6 · Cited by 10
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Petrongolo, M. (2014) · Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine) · Cited by 9
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The Early Intervention Readiness Program (EIRP)
Tolmie, R. S., Bruck, S., & Kerslake, R. (2016) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/0271121416642423 · Cited by 8
“It is expected that this improvement in confidence and knowledge may also lead to a reduction in parent stress, as has been identified in other studies (Farmer & Reupert, 2013; Keen et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Impacto en la familia del diagnóstico de Trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA) en un hijo/a: una revisión sistemática
Lavado-Candelario, S., & Muñoz‐Silva, A. (2023) · Análisis y Modificación de Conducta · doi:10.33776/amc.v49i180.7652 · Cited by 21
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The Working Mechanisms of Parental Involvement in Interventions for Children with Chronic Illness
Willemen, A. M., Kuzminskaite, E., Maurice‐Stam, H., Grootenhuis, M. A., Last, B. F., Schuengel, C., & Scholten, L. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02329-7 · Cited by 9
“(Yeh 2003), and (3) encouragement of responding more sensitive and supportive to the child, thereby improving the relationship (Keen et al. 2010).”
Background
Narrative analysis of parents’ experiences with participating in the intervention of children on the autism spectrum in mainland China
Liu, X.-Y., & To, S. (2022) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2120098 · Cited by 7
Emotional Experience of Families With an Immigrant Background Throughout the Autism Service Trajectory in Early Childhood
Boulé, M., & Rivard, M. (2023) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1177/10443894231167640 · Cited by 8
“Raising a child with ASD brings its share of challenges and joys for all family members (Chatenoud et al., 2014; Hastings & Brown, 2021; Keen et al., 2010).”
Characteristics Associated with Improvement Following the SAM Robot Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Lebersfeld, J. B., Brasher, C. J., Biasini, F. J., & Hopkins, M. I. (2019) · International Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care · doi:10.15344/2455-2364/2019/151 · Cited by 7
“These types of therapies have been shown to be effective in improving emotion recognition [12, 13], joint attention [12, 14, 15, 15–17], social communication [12, 18], reciprocal social interaction [12, 19], and imitation [12, 20, 21].”
Background
Establishing Contexts for Support: Undoing the Legacy of the “Refrigerator Mother” Myth
Bennett, M., Webster, A. A., Goodall, E., & Rowland, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3359-0_4 · Cited by 7
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Times of COVID-19: Examining Emotional and Behavioral Problems, Parental Well-Being, and Resilience
de Maat, D. A., der Hallen, R. V., de Nijs, P. F. A., Visser, K., Bastiaansen, D., Truijens, F. L., van Rijen, E. H. M., Ester, W. A., Prinzie, P., Jansen, P. W., et al. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05846-y · Cited by 9
“…of social connectedness to others could diminish parental stress (e.g., Zaidman-Zait et al., 2017 ), which in turn may lead to more effective parenting practices (e.g., Keen et al., 2010) and fewer EB-problems among children with ASD during the lockdown (Chen et al., 2021; Polónyiová et al., 2022).”
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the parental competence scale for parents of children with autism
Özdemir, H. N. Ç., Ayran, G., & Topuz, Ç. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.11.009 · Cited by 6
Family Wellness in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: a Balanced Approach
Weiss, J. A., Tajik‐Parvinchi, D., Maughan, A. L., & Lake, J. K. (2018) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-018-0145-2 · Cited by 7
Les effets d’un programme de formation parentale francophone sur les comportements-défis d’enfants autistes
Rousseau, M., McKinnon, S., Ilg, J., Bourassa, J., Paquet, A., Lagard, V., & Clément, C. (2018) · Revue québécoise de psychologie · doi:10.7202/1051219ar · Cited by 6
“Ces résultats s’apparentent à ceux obtenus par Keen, Couzens, Muspratt et Rodger (2010) qui soulèvent que la formation des parents est positivement liée à des résultats améliorés au niveau de la communication sociale chez l’enfant.”
Background
Social Networking Site Use among Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Moqbel, M., & Little, L. M. (2014) · ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley) · Cited by 6
PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN PENGASUHAN AUTIS UNTUK MENURUNKAN STRES PENGASUHAN PADA IBU DENGAN ANAK AUTIS
Pamungkas, A. P. (2021) · Empathy Jurnal Fakultas Psikologi · doi:10.12928/empathy.v3i1.3201 · Cited by 7
Mindfulness Parenting and Childish Play: A Clinical Trial With Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Rojas-Torres, L. P., Alonso-Esteban, Y., & Alcantud-Marín, F. (2023) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2022.339 · Cited by 5
Effects of a Sociodrama-based Communication Enhancement Program on Mothers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Pilot Study
Jang, S. J., Han, J.-S., Bang, M. H., & Ahn, J. (2022) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2022.03.005 · Cited by 5
Parent-Mediated Online Art Therapy With a Mother and Her Children With Autism
Durrani, H. (2024) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2024.2328954 · Cited by 6
“Although parent training increases competence and reduces stress in parents (Keen et al., 2010), developing trust with parents who are used to more structured autism specific interventions with explicit outcomes like CBT and ABA could be difficult.”
Attentes, besoins et perceptions des parents et des professionnels
Voiseux, C., Plumet, M., & Cappe, É. (2019) · La nouvelle revue - Éducation et société inclusives · doi:10.3917/nresi.086.0241 · Cited by 5
The Role of Mental Health of Mothers of Children With Learning Disabilities in the Relationship Between Parental Stress, Mother-child Interaction, and Children’s Behavioral Disorders
Mohammadipour, S., Bozorgi, Z. D., & Hooman, F. (2021) · Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care · doi:10.32598/jccnc.7.2.362.1 · Cited by 5
The Effect of Filial Therapy on the Parenting Stress of Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorde
Kiyani, Z., Mirzai, H., Hosseini, S. A., Sourtiji, H., Hosseinzadeh, S., & Ebrahimi, E. (2020) · فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توانبخشی · doi:10.32598/rj.21.2.2726.1 · Cited by 5
“It should be noted that it is not only the upbringing of a ASD child that creates a psychological burden for the family, but also the inability to establish mutual interactions, the child’s understanding, and communication between family members, which makes cause the family to face problems [7].”
Background
Communication Intervention Implementation via Telepractice Parent Coaching: Child Outcomes and Correlations
Wattanawongwan, S., Ganz, J. B., Pierson, L. M., Yllades, V. A., Liao, C.-Y., & Ura, S. K. (2020) · Journal of Special Education Technology · doi:10.1177/0162643420962007 · Cited by 5
“Teaching parents of children with ASD has also been found to improve the quality of life for parents who do not have the resources to provide intensive therapy for their children (Keen et al., 2010).”
Background
A positive deviance-based qualitative study of stress, coping, and feeding practices among low-income, Hispanic mothers whose children do versus do not meet guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake
Shonkoff, E., Folta, S. C., Fitopoulos, T., Ramirez, C. N., Bluthenthal, R. N., Pentz, M. A., Chou, C., & Dunton, G. F. (2020) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyaa037 · Cited by 4
“Previous research suggests that parent stress can respond to intervention, such as programs to facilitate communication or improve the parent–child relationship [31, 33].”
Background
Caregiver-Implemented Interventions for Autistic Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Literature Review
McGinnis, K., Gerow, S., Gregori, E. V., & Davis, T. N. (2022) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-022-09877-2 · Cited by 4
“To our knowledge, no existing syntheses have evaluated the effects of caregiver training for autistic adolescents and young adults, despite the continued need for support expressed by families (DHHS, 2017; Keen et al., 2010).”
Background
Parent Perceptions of Participating in a Parent-Mediated Program for Young Autistic Children
van Noorden, L. E., Sigafoos, J., Wallace-Watkin, C., & Waddington, H. L. (2023) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/10538151231214749 · Cited by 4
“In addition, parents may experience benefits, including increased self-efficacy (Keen et al., 2010; Schertz et al., 2020), reduced stress (Jurek et al., 2022; Tarver et al., 2019), and increased psychological wellbeing (Estes et al., 2019).”
Prospective Association of Parenting Stress with Later Child Behavior Problems in Early Childhood Autism
O’Connor, E., Grant, M., Green, C. C., Treyvaud, K., & Hudry, K. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06177-2 · Cited by 4
“In practice, child externalizing and internalizing behaviors are often the focus of extensive and expensive behavior therapy for autistic children (Keen et al., 2010).”
Naturalistic Intervention
Dufek, S., Vejnoska, S., & Schreibman, L. (2024) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64499-3_14 · Cited by 4
Effects of Parent-Implemented Interventions on Outcomes for Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis
Dyches, T. T., Smith, T. B., Korth, B. B., & Mandleco, B. L. (2018) · ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) · Cited by 3
Serving Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Age of COVID-19: Special Considerations for Rural Families
Tomeny, T. S., Hudac, C. M., Malaia, E., Morett, L. M., Tomeny, K. R., Watkins, L., & Kana, R. K. (2023) · Rural Special Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/87568705231167440 · Cited by 7
“In addition, individualized support for parents engaged in their children’s intervention and education has been correlated with increased parental self-efficacy and reduction in stress levels (Keen et al., 2010), particularly important in a crisis situation.”
Background
"It's such a battle": A phenomenological account of raising a child on the autistic spectrum - a battle with bureaucracy and behaviour
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“[100] The scrutinising the evidence-based reviews determines that the parent-focussed intervention is more beneficial and that the parents are motivated and self-directed in the intervention programme.[102] Indeed, the evidence reviewed by the current study revealed that the positive parenting paves a way for promisin…”
Background
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“Moreover, when parents become educated about ASD and trained in the skills needed to support their children, their confidence is enhanced, and stress levels reduced (Keen et al., 2010).”
Background
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“Programs for empowerment of parents of children with ASD have a valuable role in helping them better adjust [16].”
Background
Formal support: Expectations of parents of children with disabilities
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Jamab, M. S., Hasanadadi, A., Mashhadi, A., & Asgharinekah, S. M. (2012) · Cited by 2
Les programmes d’accompagnement auprès de groupes de parents d’enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme, ce que la recherche nous en dit
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Dell Children’s (S)TAAR Model of Early Autism Assessment
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Foody, C. (2013) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) · doi:10.13025/17564 · Cited by 2

Authors: Keen, D., Couzens, D., Muspratt, S., & Rodger, S.
Affiliations: Griffith University (AU)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author: Keen, Deb
ORCID: Keen, Deb
Couzens, Donna
Muspratt, Sandy
Venue: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-04
Volume: 4
Issue: 2
Pages: 229-241
ISSN: 1878-0237 (ISSN-L)
1750-9467
DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.009
OpenAlex: W2068516442
Cited by: 271
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 8.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Research in Autism (publishedVersion)
Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, parental stress, parenting competence, parent-focused intervention, early diagnosis, toddlers, home visits, professional support, social communication, adaptive behavior, parental self-efficacy, family routines

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The effects of a parent-focused intervention for children with a recent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on parenting stress and competence

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