CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 214Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactHealth, Environment, Cognitive Aging

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Concentrations of xenobiotic chemicals in the maternal-fetal unit

Barr, Dana B., Bishop, Amanda, Needham, Larry L.·2007·Reproductive Toxicology
DOI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.03.003
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Exposure to a variety of toxic chemicals has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Presumably, the most vulnerable population for these adverse health outcomes are fetuses that are exposed to toxicants in utero. Fetuses have immature organ systems and often their detoxification enzymes or enzymatic processes are not fully developed when exposures occur. Many xenobiotic chemicals have been shown to pass through the placental barrier and into the fetal blood stream. These exposures have been associated with adverse birth outcomes, neurocognitive delays and adult onset disease. Exposures associated with interuterine growth retardation have been linked to a variety of adult onset diseases such as coronary artery disease and diabetes. In this article, we review a variety of chemicals that have been known to enter the fetal environment and their potential to affect both early childhood and subsequently adult health. We restrict our review to chemicals shown to be present in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, or meconium, thus unequivocally demonstrating the chemicals have entered the fetal environment. In some instances where known health outcomes have occurred from these exposures, we note these and any caveats associated with the exposures.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.03.003

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Many observational studies have demonstrated the presence of EDC in maternal and fetal serum and urine, amniotic fluid, cord blood and breast milk.

    “Many observational studies have demonstrated the presence of EDC in maternal and fetal serum and urine, amniotic fluid, cord blood and breast milk [196,197,198].”

    From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment (2022) · cites this paper as [197]

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 60

  1. Myllynen, 2005, Human placenta: a human organ for developmental toxicology research and biomonitoring, Placenta, 26, 361, 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.09.006 · DOI
  2. Hook, 1993, Representative and misrepresentative associations of birth defects in live births conditions under which relative risks greater than unity in live births necessarily imply relative risks greater than unity in all concept uses, Am J Epidemiol, 137, 660, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116724 · DOI
  3. Wendling, 2000, Thalidomide: a comeback?, Joint Bone Spine, 67, 259
  4. Yang, 1997, The return of thalidomide: are birth defects surveillance systems ready?, Am J Med Genet, 73, 251, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19971219)73:3<251::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-V · DOI
  5. Fennell, 2004, Pharmacokinetics of dibutylphthalate in pregnant rats, Toxicol Sci, 82, 407, 10.1093/toxsci/kfh294 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Mylchreest, 1998, Male reproductive tract malformations in rats following gestational and lactational exposure to Di(n-butyl) phthalate: an antiandrogenic mechanism?, Toxicol Sci, 43, 47, 10.1093/toxsci/43.1.47 · DOI
  7. Perera, 1998, Recent developments in molecular epidemiology: a study of the effects of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on birth outcomes in Poland, Am J Epidemiol, 147, 309, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009451 · DOI
  8. Barr, 2005, Biologic monitoring of exposure to environmental chemicals throughout the life stages: requirements and issues for consideration for the National Children's Study, Environ Health Perspect, 113, 1083, 10.1289/ehp.7617 · DOI
  9. Needham, 2005, Exposure assessment in the National Children's Study: introduction, Environ Health Perspect, 113, 1076, 10.1289/ehp.7613 · DOI
  10. Ostrea, 2006, Fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium: are they biomarkers of fetal alcohol exposure and effect?, Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 30, 1152, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00131.x · DOI
  11. Bearer, 2005, Fatty Acid ethyl esters: quantitative biomarkers for maternal alcohol consumption, J Pediatr, 146, 824, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.048 · DOI
  12. Bradman, 2003, Measurement of pesticides and other toxicants in amniotic fluid as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study, Environ Health Perspect, 111, 1779, 10.1289/ehp.6259 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Berkowitz, 2004, In utero pesticide exposure, maternal paraoxonase activity, and head circumference, Environ Health Perspect, 112, 388, 10.1289/ehp.6414 · DOI
  14. Eskenazi, 2004, Association of in utero organophosphate pesticide exposure and fetal growth and length of gestation in an agricultural population, Environ Health Perspect, 112, 1116, 10.1289/ehp.6789 · DOI
  15. Eskenazi, 2003, Maternal serum dioxin levels and birth outcomes in women of Seveso Italy, Environ Health Perspect, 111, 947, 10.1289/ehp.6080 · DOI
  16. Perera, 2003, Effects of transplacental exposure to environmental pollutants on birth outcomes in a multiethnic population, Environ Health Perspect, 111, 201, 10.1289/ehp.5742 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Whyatt, 2004, Prenatal insecticide exposures and birth weight and length among an urban minority cohort, Environ Health Perspect, 112, 1125, 10.1289/ehp.6641 · DOI
  18. Whyatt, 2005, Biomarkers in assessing residential insecticide exposures during pregnancy and effects on fetal growth, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 206, 246, 10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.027 · DOI
  19. Myllynen, 2005, Human placental perfusion method in the assessment of transplacental passage of antiepileptic drugs, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 207, 489, 10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.042 · DOI
  20. Roels, 1978, Placental transfer of lead, mercury, cadmium, and carbon monoxide in women. III. Factors influencing the accumulation of heavy metals in the placenta and the relationship between metal concentration in the placenta and in maternal and cord blood, Environ Res, 16, 236, 10.1016/0013-9351(78)90159-7 · DOI
  21. Economides, 1994, Smoking, pregnancy and the fetus, J R Soc Health, 114, 198, 10.1177/146642409411400406 · DOI
  22. Mochizuki, 1984, Effects of smoking on fetoplacental-maternal system during pregnancy, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 149, 413, 10.1016/0002-9378(84)90156-X · DOI · Paper page
  23. Ostrea, 1994, Meconium analysis to assess fetal exposure to nicotine by active and passive maternal smoking, J Pediatr, 124, 471, 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70378-7 · DOI
  24. Sastry, 1991, Placental toxicology: tobacco smoke, abused drugs, multiple chemical interactions and placental function, Reprod Fertil Dev, 3, 355, 10.1071/RD9910355 · DOI
  25. Ostrea, 1999, Testing for exposure to illicit drugs and other agents in the neonate: a review of laboratory methods and the role of meconium analysis, Curr Probl Pediatr, 29, 37
  26. Ostrea, 1998, Spectrum of gestational exposure to illicit drugs and other xenobiotic agents in newborn infants by meconium analysis, J Pediatr, 133, 513, 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70059-9 · DOI
  27. VanBlerk, 1980, Teratogenic potential of some psychopharmacologic drugs: a brief review, Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 17, 399, 10.1002/j.1879-3479.1980.tb00312.x · DOI
  28. Bearer, 1999, Ethyl linoleate in meconium: a biomarker for prenatal ethanol exposure, Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 23, 487
  29. Bearer, 1992, Fetal alcohol syndrome and fatty acid ethyl esters, Pediatr Res, 31, 492, 10.1203/00006450-199205000-00017 · DOI
  30. Bearer, 2003, Validation of a new biomarker of fetal exposure to alcohol, J Pediatr, 143, 463, 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00442-6 · DOI
  31. Whyatt, 2001, Measurement of organophosphate metabolites in postpartum meconium as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study, Environ Health Perspect, 109, 417, 10.1289/ehp.01109417 · DOI
  32. Barr, 1999, Strategies for biological monitoring of exposure for contemporary-use pesticides, Toxicol Ind Health, 15, 168, 10.1191/074823399678846556 · DOI
  33. Little, 1996, Placental transfer of selected substances of abuse, Semin Perinatol, 20, 147, 10.1016/S0146-0005(96)80082-6 · DOI
  34. Bearer, 2003, Meconium as a biological marker of prenatal exposure, Ambul Pediatr, 3, 40, 10.1367/1539-4409(2003)003<0040:MAABMO>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
  35. Foster, 2000, Detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in samples of second trimester human amniotic fluid, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 2954, 10.1210/jcem.85.8.6850 · DOI
  36. Eskenazi, 2005, Methodologic and logistic issues in conducting longitudinal birth cohort studies: lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research, Environ Health Perspect, 113, 1419, 10.1289/ehp.7670 · DOI
  37. Ozkaynak, 2005, Exposure assessment implications for the design and implementation of the National Children's Study, Environ Health Perspect, 113, 1108, 10.1289/ehp.7616 · DOI
  38. Klein, 1999, Fatty acid ethyl esters: a novel biologic marker for heavy in utero ethanol exposure: a case report, Ther Drug Monit, 21, 644, 10.1097/00007691-199912000-00011 · DOI
  39. Moore, 2001, Fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium: biomarkers for the detection of alcohol exposure in neonates, Clin Chim Acta, 312, 235, 10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00628-3 · DOI
  40. Osada, 2002, Profile of trace element concentrations in the feto-placental unit in relation to fetal growth, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 81, 931, 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.811006.x · DOI
  41. Walker, 2006, Maternal and umbilical cord blood levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, and essential trace elements in Arctic Canada, Environ Res, 100, 295, 10.1016/j.envres.2005.05.006 · DOI
  42. Stern, 2003, An assessment of the cord blood: maternal blood methylmercury ratio: implications for risk assessment, Environ Health Perspect, 111, 1465, 10.1289/ehp.6187 · DOI
  43. Lauwerys, 1978, Placental transfer of lead, mercury, cadmium, and carbon monoxide in women. I. Comparison of the frequency distributions of the biological indices in maternal and umbilical cord blood, Environ Res, 15, 278, 10.1016/0013-9351(78)90104-4 · DOI
  44. Vahter, 2000, Longitudinal study of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in blood and urine of pregnant and lactating women, as well as in umbilical cord blood, Environ Res, 84, 186, 10.1006/enrs.2000.4098 · DOI
  45. Tsuchiya, 1984, Placental transfer of heavy metals in normal pregnant Japanese women, Arch Environ Health, 39, 11, 10.1080/00039896.1984.10545827 · DOI
  46. Bjerregaard, 2000, Organochlorines and heavy metals in pregnant women from the Disko Bay area in Greenland, Sci Total Environ, 245, 195, 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00444-1 · DOI
  47. Hansen, 1990, Prenatal exposure to methyl mercury among Greenlandic polar inuits, Arch Environ Health, 45, 355, 10.1080/00039896.1990.10118754 · DOI
  48. Ong, 1993, Concentrations of heavy metals in maternal and umbilical cord blood, Biometals, 6, 61, 10.1007/BF00154234 · DOI
  49. Soong, 1991, Lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury levels in maternal and fetal cord blood, J Formos Med Assoc, 90, 59
  50. Dennis, 1975, The relationship between mercury levels in maternal and cord blood, Sci Total Environ, 3, 275, 10.1016/0048-9697(75)90051-0 · DOI
  51. Osman, 2000, Toxic and essential elements in placentas of Swedish women, Clin Biochem, 33, 131, 10.1016/S0009-9120(00)00052-7 · DOI
  52. Whyatt, 2003, Contemporary-use pesticides in personal air samples during pregnancy and blood samples at delivery among urban minority mothers and newborns, Environ Health Perspect, 111, 749, 10.1289/ehp.5768 · DOI
  53. Skaare, 1988, Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in maternal adipose tissue, blood, milk, and cord blood from mothers and their infants living in Norway, Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 17, 55, 10.1007/BF01055154 · DOI
  54. Rhainds, 1999, Lead, mercury, and organochlorine compound levels in cord blood in Quebec Canada, Arch Environ Health, 54, 40, 10.1080/00039899909602235 · DOI
  55. de Toro, 2001, Concentrations of calcium and bone remodeling biomarkers in umbilical cord blood and urine of newborn infants during delivery, An Esp Pediatr, 54, 290
  56. Guvenius, 2003, Human prenatal and postnatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorobiphenylols, and pentachlorophenol, Environ Health Perspect, 111, 1235, 10.1289/ehp.5946 · DOI
  57. Huisman, 1995, Neurological condition in 18-month-old children perinatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins, Early Hum Dev, 43, 165, 10.1016/0378-3782(95)01674-0 · DOI
  58. Grandjean, 1997, Cognitive deficit in 7-year-old children with prenatal exposure to methylmercury, Neurotoxicol Teratol, 19, 417, 10.1016/S0892-0362(97)00097-4 · DOI
  59. Lucas, 2004, Gestational age and birth weight in relation to n-3 fatty acids among inuit (Canada), Lipids, 39, 617, 10.1007/s11745-004-1274-7 · DOI
  60. Foster, 2002, Detection of phytoestrogens in samples of second trimester human amniotic fluid, Toxicol Lett, 129, 199, 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00018-8 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Barr, D. B., Bishop, A., & Needham, L. L.
Affiliations
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
Corresponding author
Barr, Dana B.
ORCID
Barr, Dana B.
Venue
Reproductive Toxicology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-04
Volume
23
Issue
3
Pages
260-266
ISSN
0890-6238 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.03.003
OpenAlex
W2075829690
Cited by
214
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
FWCI
0.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Reproductive Toxicology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
Keywords
xenobiotics, placental transfer, maternal-fetal exposure, umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, meconium, fetal development, neurodevelopmental delay, adult-onset disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, prenatal exposure
MeSH terms
Environmental Pollutants, Female, Fetal Blood, Humans, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Models, Biological, Pregnancy, Xenobiotics, Maternal Exposure

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review