The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
The impact of the corporate average fuel economy standards on technological changes in automobile fuel efficiency
Abstract
Abstract This paper empirically examines the effect of the U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards on the technological progress in automobile fuel efficiency. Using detailed vehicle attributes data from 1978 through 2018, we find that more stringent fuel economy standards increase the rate of technological improvements in new passenger cars, and this effect is primarily driven by the response of U.S. automakers. We do not find evidence that CAFE standards have a similar effect on the technical change in light-duty trucks. Our results also indicate that higher gasoline prices have a significant and positive effect on the improvement of fuel-saving technology in both passenger cars and light trucks. Using our empirical estimates, we project that the recent rollback of Obama-era CAFE standards would forego an approximately 2-percent increase in cars’ fuel economy over the 2021-2025 period as a result of technological progress.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“there is precedent for such policies in other sectors: the EU energy label and minimum performance standards for white appliances35, bonus-malus systems in vehicle insurance36 or fuel economy standards37, as recently approved by the Marine Environment Protection Committee for international shipping38.”
From Large carbon dioxide emissions avoidance potential in improved commercial air transport efficiency (2026) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship
Porter, M. E., & Linde, C. V. D. (1995) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.9.4.97 · Cited by 13,365
Induced Innovation and Energy Prices
(1998) · Cited by 1,712
Carbon Taxes, Path Dependency, and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Auto Industry
Aghion, P., Dechezleprêtre, A., Hémous, D., Martin, R., & Van Reenen, J. (2016) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/684581 · Cited by 1,604
Energy, the Environment, and Technological Change
Popp, D., Newell, R. G., & Jaffe, A. B. (2010) · Handbook of the Economics of Innovation · doi:10.1016/s0169-7218(10)02005-8 · Cited by 757
The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-Saving Technological Change
Newell, R. G., Jaffe, A. B., & Stavins, R. N. (1999) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355399556188 · Cited by 752
The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-Saving Technological Change
Newell, R., Jaffe, A., & Stavins, R. (1998) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w6437 · Cited by 656
Gasoline prices, fuel economy, and the energy paradox
Allcott, H., & Wozny, N. (2014) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00419 · Cited by 504
Are Consumers Myopic? Evidence from New and Used Car Purchases
Busse, M. R., Knittel, C. R., & Zettelmeyer, F. (2013) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.103.1.220 · Cited by 474
The Effects of the Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency Standards in the US
Goldberg, P. K. (1998) · The Journal of Industrial Economics · doi:10.1111/1467-6451.00059 · Cited by 441
Evaluating US Fuel Economy Standards in a Model with Producer and Household Heterogeneity
Jacobsen, M. R. (2013) · American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.5.2.148 · Cited by 280
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Greene, 1993, Costs and benefits of automotive fuel economy improvement: a partial equilibrium analysis, Transp. Res., 27, 217
Cited by
Transition Paths towards a Sustainable Transportation System: A Literature Review
Jelti, F., Allouhi, A., & Aoul, K. A. T. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152115457 · Cited by 123
Investigating the state of road vehicle emissions in Africa: A case study of Ghana and Rwanda
Ayetor, G. K., Mbonigaba, I., Ampofo, J., & Sunnu, A. K. (2021) · Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.trip.2021.100409 · Cited by 96
Electrification decisions of traditional automakers under the dual-credit policy regime
He, H., Li, S., Wang, S., Chen, Z., Zhang, J., Zhao, J., & Ma, F. (2021) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2021.102956 · Cited by 78
Three Decades of Climate Mitigation Policy: What Has It Delivered?
Hoppe, J., Hinder, B., Rafaty, R., Patt, A., & Grubb, M. J. (2023) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-103821 · Cited by 61
Rahman, M. M., & Thill, J. (2024) · World Electric Vehicle Journal · doi:10.3390/wevj15120588 · Cited by 42
McGowan, F., Denny, E., & Lunn, P. (2023) · Resource and Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2023.101404 · Cited by 31
Mass-producible slit coating for large-area electrochromic devices
Tajima, K., Jeong, C. Y., Kubota, T., Ito, T., Araki, K., Kamei, T., & Fukui, M. (2021) · Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells · doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111361 · Cited by 26
Shi, J., Yi, X., Wang, J., Jin, G., Lü, Y., Wu, H., & Fan, X. (2022) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2022.08.043 · Cited by 22
He, H., Zhang, C., Li, S., Ying, S., Zhang, J., & Sun, Q. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131593 · Cited by 20
Technology innovation and environmental outcomes of road transportation policy instruments
Ma, C., Peñasco, C., & Anadón, L. D. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59111-8 · Cited by 19
Preference or technology? Evidence from the automobile industry
Yoo, S., Wakamori, N., & Yoshida, Y. (2021) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2021.102846 · Cited by 17
Ou, S. S., Lin, Z., Jiang, Y., & Zhang, S. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135000 · Cited by 15
Trade-offs between vehicle fuel economy and performance: Evidence from heterogeneous firms in China
Wu, J., Posen, I. D., & MacLean, H. L. (2021) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112445 · Cited by 14
Large carbon dioxide emissions avoidance potential in improved commercial air transport efficiency
Gössling, S., Klöwer, M., Leitão, J. C., Hirsch, S., Brockhagen, D., & Humpe, A. (2026) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-03069-4 · Cited by 11
“…there is precedent for such policies in other sectors: the EU energy label and minimum performance standards for white appliances 35 , bonus-malus systems in vehicle insurance 36 orfueleconomystandards 37 ,asrecentlyapprovedbytheMarine EnvironmentProtectionCommitteeforinternationalshipping 38 .”
Zhao, D., Wang, J., Li, W., Tang, J., & Huang, S. (2025) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108622 · Cited by 9
Dumortier, J. (2024) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107129 · Cited by 8
A Polycentric Approach for Addressing Wicked Social Problems
Lofthouse, J. K., & Kral, L. (2025) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci15010022 · Cited by 7
Tikoudis, I., Mebiame, R. M., & Oueslati, W. (2022) · OECD environment working papers · doi:10.1787/13b94818-en · Cited by 6
Xia, F., & Li, C. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.135518 · Cited by 5
Tikoudis, I., Mebiame, R. M., & Oueslati, W. (2023) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113778 · Cited by 5
Does tourism lead to environmental deterioration? A novel application of quantile connectedness
Rehman, M. A., & Chopra, R. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2025.2574039 · Cited by 4
Pi, Z., & Wang, K. (2025) · Resource and Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2025.101477 · Cited by 4
Kwon, H.-S., Allcott, H., & Snyder, T. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5006680 · Cited by 2
Haidar, B. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2e986b51z26d9z437dzacb4zf61e155ecdaa · Cited by 2
Alenka, T. G., Wotango, M. T., & Dube, S. K. (2024) · Ethiopian International Journal of Engineering and Technology · doi:10.59122/174cfc17 · Cited by 1
Applications of Vehicles and Its Related Technology in Previous and the Next Decade
Tyagi, A. K., & Sreenath, N. (2022) · Disruptive technologies and digital transformations for society 5.0 · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7622-3_3 · Cited by 1
Lin, H., Huang, Y.-H., & Wu, J.-H. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17215516 · Cited by 1
SUSTAINABLE INCENTIVES AND MARKET MECHANISMS FOR ACCELERATED ZERO EMISSION VEHICLE TRANSITIONS
Ramji, A. (2024) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1
Assessment of 2021-2025-2030 CO2 standards on automakers' portfolio vehicles' segments
Haidar, B., Vidal, F., da Costa, P., & Lepoutre, J. M. W. N. (2021) · HAL
Wu, D., Wang, N., & Wang, W. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA) · doi:10.1145/3587889.3587916
Caruso, M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4792864
Car Sales, Fuel Economy and Decarbonization in Mexico
Bonilla, D., Banister, D., & Castrillo, A. C. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17194928
Gregoire‐Zawilski, M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5071233
Effect of New Dual-Credit Policy on Electric Vehicle Diffusion in ChinaPreprint
Zhao, D., Wang, J., Huang, S., Li, W., & Tang, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5085332
THE FUTURE OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN SPRAWLED URBAN AREAS
Tikoudis, I., & Oueslati, W. (2025) · Climate Change Economics · doi:10.1142/s2010007825400019
Separating the Road From the Driver: A Clustering Approach to Unbiased Fuel Efficiency Analysis
Botelho, J. G. S., Balani, R., Rodrigues, J. D., Santos, E. A. P., & Pécora, J. E. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3679133
Klu, P. K., Klokpa, D., Agordzo, G. K., Buami, E. K., & Akple, M. S. (2026) · Information systems engineering and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-23544-2_36
Environmental Regulations and Skill Demand: Evidence From the U.S. Fuel Economy Standards
Caruso, M. (2026) · Labour · doi:10.1111/labr.70024
Wang, C., Ge, B., Xu, F., Yang, T., Zhu, G., & Deng, H. (2026) · International Conference on Big Data and Information Analytics (BigDIA) · doi:10.1109/bigdia71496.2026.11684696
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, Y., & Miao, Q.
- Affiliations
- Rochester Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miao, Qing
- ORCID
- Miao, Qing
- Venue
- Resource and Energy Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 63
- Pages
- 101211
- ISSN
- 0928-7655 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3108469538
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- Locations
- Resource and Energy Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Vehicle emissions and performance
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Keywords
- Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards, fuel economy standards, technological change, fuel economy, passenger cars, light trucks, car manufacturers, gasoline prices, fuel-saving technology, vehicle characteristics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
