Gasoline prices, fuel economy, and the energy paradox
Open accessAbstract
Policymakers often assert that consumers undervalue future gasoline costs when they buy automobiles. We test this by measuring whether relative prices of vehicles with different fuel economy ratings fully adjust to variation in gasoline prices. Vehicle prices move as if consumers are indifferent between $1.00 in discounted future gas cost and $0.76 in vehicle purchase price. We show how corrections for endogenous market shares and utilization, measurement error, and different gasoline price forecasts affect the results. We also provide unique evidence of sticky information: vehicle markets respond to changes in gasoline prices with up to a six-month delay.
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Private individuals are irrational over discount rates.
“A key aspect, is the irrationality of private individuals over discount rates (Allcott and Wozny, 2014;Hausman, 1979)”
From Understanding the socio-technical nexus of Nordic electric vehicle (EV) barriers: A qualitative discussion of range, price, charging and knowledge (2020) · cites this paper as Allcott and Wozny, 2014
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports that auto consumers appear to value discounted future gasoline costs less than purchase price under specified assumptions, and §5.4.3 gives an implied discount rate above the paper’s baseline rate. But §B.1 says that an implied rate may reflect beliefs, time horizons, or inattention rather than consumers’ actual discount rates. The paper therefore does not establish that private individuals are irrational over discount rates. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredConsumers focus on capital cost of vehicles rather than total cost of ownership calculations, which favors ICEVs despite not being the least-costly option in the medium to long term.
“And for price, it is clear that consumers focus on capital cost of vehicles rather than on the total cost of ownership calculations, which favors ICEVs despite not being the least-costly option in the medium to long term.”
From Understanding the socio-technical nexus of Nordic electric vehicle (EV) barriers: A qualitative discussion of range, price, charging and knowledge (2020) · cites this paper as Allcott and Wozny, 2014
The Introduction and Conclusion (page numbers unavailable) report that, under the paper’s base assumptions, consumers value $1 in discounted future gasoline costs at only 76 cents in vehicle purchase price. That supports the claim that purchase price receives greater weight than future fuel costs, though the paper notes uncertainty in the estimate. It does not compare ICEVs with electric vehicles or establish which is least costly over the medium to long term. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIt is typical for consumers to highly discount future savings.
“This is not an issue specific to Iceland or the Nordics, indeed, it is typical for consumers to highly discount future savings (Allcott and Wozny, 2014;Hausman, 1979).”
From Understanding the socio-technical nexus of Nordic electric vehicle (EV) barriers: A qualitative discussion of range, price, charging and knowledge (2020) · cites this paper as Allcott and Wozny, 2014
The Introduction reports that, under the paper’s assumptions, automobile buyers’ behavior implies a discount rate just under 15 percent for future gasoline costs. But the Empirical Strategy section cautions that an implied discount rate need not be consumers’ actual discount rate, and the Conclusion notes that estimates vary with assumptions and vehicle age. The paper therefore supports apparent undervaluation of future fuel savings in its setting, not the unqualified claim that consumers typically discount future savings highly. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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The High Cost of Low Range: Estimating the Hidden Cost of Range Anxiety in Electric Vehicles
Scott, J. B., & Qin, M. (2026) · The Journal of Industrial Economics · doi:10.1111/joie.70015
- Authors
- Allcott, H., & Wozny, N.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- ORCID
- Wozny, Nathan
- Venue
- Review of Economics and Statistics
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 779-795
- ISSN
- 0034-6535 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-9142
- OpenAlex
- W3021167344
- Cited by
- 504
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 14.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.nber.org
- Locations
- The Review of Economics and Statistics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Harvard University
- Center for the Environment, Harvard University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Merger and Competition Analysis
- Keywords
- gasoline prices, fuel economy, vehicle price, energy paradox, sticky information, measurement error
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