Biomass pyrolysis for biochar production: Study of kinetics parameters and effect of temperature on biochar yield and its physicochemical properties
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This study investigates the pyrolysis kinetics behaviour and temperature effects on biochar yield and properties during pyrolysis. The kinetic study of biomass was performed using a thermogravimetric analyser at dynamic heating rates (10, 30, and 50 °C min −1 ) in an inert atmosphere. The kinetic parameters were estimated using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM), and Vyazovkin model (VZ). The pyrolysis experiment was performed in a stainless steel semi-batch reactor at 400, 600, and 900 °C, 10 o C min -1 heating rate, 45 min holding time and 100 mL min −1 nitrogen gas flow rate. The produced biochar was characterised using proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, heating value, bulk density, BET surface area analyser, TGA, FTIR, and FE-SEM analysis. The physicochemical results support the candidacy of biomass for biochar and fuel production. Further, the kinetic analysis of MWS using KAS, DAEM, and VZ was found to be 233.39, 238.11, and 224.74 kJ mol −1 , respectively. The experimental results reveal that higher temperatures (600 and 900 °C) generally reduce biochar yield (19 %) due to increased devolatilization but enhance the biochar's surface area (17 %) and carbon content (4.84 %). The characterisation results of biochar confirmed higher carbon content (76.02 wt. %), HHV (36.97 MJ kg −1 ), and significant oxygen content (22.01 %) at 900 °C. Also, the thermal profile and surface morphology of the biochar suggest that biochar derived at…
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The bulk density range is due to decomposition of moisture, combustible volatiles, and concentration of carbon-rich, dense compact structures.
“due to decomposition of moisture, combustible volatiles, and concentration of carbonrich, dense compact structures [78].”
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Characterization of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil and Biochar from Polyporus brumalis-Pretreated Pine Wood Chip
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Pyrolysis-induced lignin transformation and its thermo-kinetic implications for biochar development
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From fruit waste to advanced nanomaterials: Energy-efficient MWCNT synthesis and characterization
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Panicker, T. F., Sarkar, D., Krishna, R., Mishra, R. K., Manjeshwar, S. K., & Sharma, A. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137836 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Robust Data driven modeling of Cd(II) adsorption on biochar
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“After the pyrolysis process, surface area change, production of tiny holes, and the appearance of special functional groups are observed in addition to increased charge density, reactivity, and stability (Rambhatla et al. 2025).”
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Biomass-derived carbon materials as functional soil interfaces for sustainable agriculture
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Production of acid-activated biochar from Spanish cherry seeds
Pradhan, C., Patra, P., Kamini, K., Das, S., Patra, S. C., Sahu, P., & Sahu, H. (2025) · Indian Chemical Engineer · doi:10.1080/00194506.2025.2496915 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Phosphorus Release From Fish Scale Biochar in Wheat Crop
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Valorising mesquite biochar as a sustainable adsorbent for wastewater treatment: a critical review
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Biochar Silicon Content Divergently Regulates N2O Emissions and Cadmium Availability in Acidic Soils
Xu, X., Xie, X., Huang, H., Yu, Y.-D., Lai, X.-W., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy16010075 · Cited by 1
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“Nikhill Rambhatla et al. 2025 investigated the kinetic behavior of the process as well as the impact of temperature on the yield and characteristics of biochar.”
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Effect of Biochar-Coated Urea on Soil Nitrogen, Plant Uptake, and Sweet Corn Yield in Sandy Soil
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A Review on Carbon Materials Derived from Biomass Pyrolysis for Supercapacitor Applications
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“Biomass pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that decomposes biomass materials at elevated temperatures in an oxygen-limited environment to produce carbon-based products (Pahnila et al., 2023; Rambhatla et al., 2025).”
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Biochar for a Plastic Planet: Unveiling Its Potential to Transform Microplastic-Contaminated Soils
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“Increasing the temperature from 400 to 900 °C decreased bio-char yield by approximately 19% while increasing surface area by 17% and carbon content by 4.84% (Rambhatla et al. 2025).”
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Effectiveness of biochar size on physical properties of psamment soil
Putri, E. L., Adrinal, A., Gusmini, G., & Abdullah, R. (2026) · Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal · doi:10.36706/jlso.15.2.2026.800
“…of biochar to light-textured soils (e.g., sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam) has significantly reduced the bulk density of the soil (Kamyab et al., 2025), improved soil pore structure (Yang et al., 2025), and increased soil aggregate stability (Rambhatla et al., 2025) (Obia et al., 2016).”
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Community Training on Converting Wood Waste into Charcoal Using a Vertical Semi-Vacuum Kiln
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Investigation on the Potential and Suitability of Novel Plantain Peel Biomass for Energy Production
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Biochar for wastewater remediation and circular water management in low-resource settings
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Kullachonphuri, S., Sriwichaikaew, T., Demyan, M., Ninlaphong, P., Chromkaew, Y., Iamsaard, K., Hemrattrakun, P., Wang, B.-T., & Khongdee, N. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-66239-0
Thermal Behavior and Chemical Transformations of Young Coconut Waste due to Pyrolysis Process
Anwar, K., Mahidin, M., Ramli, I., Faisal, M., & Desvita, H. (2026) · South African Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.sajce.2026.100974
Zeng, J., Wada, O. Z., Tanveer, A., Al-Naema, N. M., Bekele, A., Saeed, S., Al‐Ansari, T. A., McKay, G., & Mahmoud, K. A. (2026) · Carbon Resources Conversion · doi:10.1016/j.crcon.2026.100469
- Authors
- Rambhatla, N., Panicker, T. F., Mishra, R. K., Manjeshwar, S. K., & Sharma, A.
- Affiliations
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (IN)
- Manipal University Jaipur (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Mishra, Ranjeet Kumar
- Venue
- Results in Engineering
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-03
- Volume
- 25
- Pages
- 103679
- ISSN
- 2590-1230 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4405135050
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 60
- FWCI
- 14.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Results in Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Keywords
- biomass pyrolysis, biochar, pyrolysis kinetics, pyrolysis temperature, biochar yield, physicochemical properties, activation energy, devolatilization, surface area, carbon content, calorific value, soil amendment, fertilizers
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