The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Influence of antipsychotics on mortality in schizophrenia: Systematic review
Abstract
Background Antipsychotic medication is the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment. The impact of long-term exposure to antipsychotics on life-expectancy has recently received some attention, partly because awareness is increasing of the differential mortality of people with schizophrenia and the general population.Methods A systematic review of studies assessing the association between antipsychotic exposure and mortality in persons with schizophrenia was undertaken.Results In total, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three out of five studies examining antipsychotic dosage and higher mortality showed a significant association for one or more antipsychotics. Two out of four found negative effects of antipsychotic polypharmacy on life-expectancy. Some studies found a lower cardiovascular mortality risk with higher treatment intensity or when comparing current versus past or non-use of antipsychotics. Others established a stable correlation between antipsychotic exposure and an increase in cardiovascular mortality. Evidence for differential effects on mortality in favor of second generation (SGA) compared to first generation antipsychotics was inconsistent. No study of SGA drugs had a sufficient follow-up time. A major confounding factor may be a higher risk factor load for somatic disorders in the most severely mentally ill.Conclusion There is some evidence that long-term exposure to antipsychotics increases mortality in schizophrenia. More rigorously designed, prospective studies are urgently needed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Death rates are increased in people with severe mental illness (SMI) relative to the general population, and this is reflected in the 10- to 20-year reduced life expectancy observed.1–3”
From Mortality gap for people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: UK-based cohort study 2000–2014 (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“a longer time to remission is likely to involve prolonged periods (and higher dose) of exposure to antipsychotic medication, which have been posited to increase natural-cause mortality via metabolic mechanisms.46–48”
From Mortality in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses: A 10-Year Follow-up of the ӔSOP First-Episode Cohort (2015) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“overall, findings on the association between exposure to antipsychotic medication and natural-cause mortality remain inconsistent.2,48,49”
From Mortality in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses: A 10-Year Follow-up of the ӔSOP First-Episode Cohort (2015) · cites this paper as [48]
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology<SUBTITLE>A Proposal for Reporting</SUBTITLE>
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623
Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
Wilson, P. W. F., D’Agostino, R. B., Levy, D., Belanger, A. M., Silbershatz, H., & Kannel, W. B. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837 · Cited by 9,581
Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia
Lieberman, J. A., Stroup, T. S., McEvoy, J. P., Swartz, M. S., Rosenheck, R. A., Perkins, D. O., Keefe, R. S. E., Davis, S. M., Davis, C. E., Lebowitz, B. D., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051688 · Cited by 5,892
Saha, S., Chant, D., & McGrath, J. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1123 · Cited by 2,065
Second-Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotics and Metabolic Effects
Newcomer, J. W. (2005) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200519001-00001 · Cited by 1,352
Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death
Ray, W. A., Chung, C. P., Murray, K. T., Hall, K., & Stein, C. M. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806994 · Cited by 1,194
Recent Trends in Acute Coronary Heart Disease — Mortality, Morbidity, Medical Care, and Risk Factors
McGovern, P. G., Pankow, J. S., Shahar, E., Doliszny, K. M., Folsom, A. R., BLACKBURN, H. W., & Luepker, R. V. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199604043341403 · Cited by 698
Osborn, D. P. J., Levy, G., Nazareth, I., Petersen, I., Islam, A., & King, M. B. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.242 · Cited by 608
Antipsychotics and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death
Ray, W. A., Meredith, S. K., Thapa, P. B., Meador, K. G., Hall, K., & Murray, K. T. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.12.1161 · Cited by 437
Schizophrenia, neuroleptic medication and mortality
Joukamaa, M., Heliövaara, M., Knekt, P., Aromaa, A., Raitasalo, R., & Lehtinen, V. (2006) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.188.2.122 · Cited by 395
Tiihonen, J., Wahlbeck, K., Lönnqvist, J. K., Klaukka, T., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Volavka, J., & Haukka, J. K. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38881.382755.2f · Cited by 389
Gelenberg, A. J. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0101 · Cited by 355
Mortality in Current and Former Users of Clozapine
Walker, A. M., Lanza, L. L., Arellano, F. M., & Rothman, K. J. (1997) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199710000-00010 · Cited by 338
Waddington, J. L., Youssef, H. A., & Kinsella, A. (1998) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.173.4.325 · Cited by 268
Antipsychotics and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death
Straus, S. M. J. M., Bleumink, G. S., Dieleman, J. P., van der Lei, J., Jong, G. W. ‘., Kingma, J. H., Sturkenboom, M., & Stricker, B. H. C. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.12.1293 · Cited by 262
Hennessy, S., Bilker, W. B., Knauss, J. S., Margolis, D. J., Kimmel, S. E., Reynolds, R. F., Glasser, D. B., Morrison, M. F., & Strom, B. L. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7372.1070 · Cited by 261
Auquier, P., Lançon, C., Rouillon, F., Lader, M., & Holmes, C. (2006) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.1325 · Cited by 249
Daumit, G. L., Goff, D. C., Meyer, J. M., Davis, V. G., Nasrallah, H. A., McEvoy, J. P., Rosenheck, R., Davis, S. M., Hsiao, J. K., Stroup, T. S., et al. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.07.006 · Cited by 223
Correll, C. U., Frederickson, A. M., Kane, J. M., & Manu, P. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n0408 · Cited by 216
Serious Cardiovascular Events and Mortality Among Patients with Schizophrenia
Enger, C. L., Weatherby, L. B., Reynolds, R. F., Glasser, D. B., & Walker, A. M. (2003) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000105996.62105.07 · Cited by 215
Cancer incidence in patients with schizophrenia and their first‐degree relatives – a meta‐analysis
Catts, V. S., Catts, S. V., O’Toole, B. I., & Frost, A. D. J. (2008) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01163.x · Cited by 209
Clozapine, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, and Cardiovascular Risks and Mortality
Henderson, D. C., Nguyen, D. D., Copeland, P. M., Hayden, D. L., Borba, C. P. C., Louie, P. M., Freudenreich, O., Evins, A. E., Cather, C., & GOFF, D. C. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n0905 · Cited by 205
A population based elaboration of the role of age of onset on the course of schizophrenia
Rabinowitz, J., Levine, S. Z., & Häfner, H. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.07.007 · Cited by 153
Physical health and schizophrenia
Mitchell, A. J., & Malone, D. (2006) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000228767.71473.9e · Cited by 112
Barbui, C., Nos, M., Mazzi, M. A., Thornicroft, G., Schene, A. H., Becker, T. M., Bindman, J. P., Leese, M., Helm, H., Koeter, M. W. J., et al. (2006) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.yic.0000224785.68040.43 · Cited by 91
Self-citationHealth behavior in psychiatric in‐patients compared with a German general population sample
Kilian, R., Becker, T. M., Krüger, K., Schmid, S., & Frasch, K. (2006) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00850.x · Cited by 88
Haukka, J. K., Tiihonen, J., Härkänen, T., & Lönnqvist, J. K. (2008) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.1579 · Cited by 87
Joseph, K. S., Blais, L., Ernst, P., & Suissa, S. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.79 · Cited by 79
Montout, C., Casadebaig, F., Lagnaoui, R., Verdoux, H., Philippe, A., Bégaud, B., & Moore, N. D. (2002) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00325-5 · Cited by 69
Reist, C., Mintz, J., Albers, L. J., Jamal, M. M., Szabó, S., & Özdemir, V. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e31802e5126 · Cited by 64
Antipsychotic Agents and Sudden Cardiac Death — How Should We Manage the Risk?
Schneeweiß, S., & Avorn, J. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme0809417 · Cited by 62
Observational Studies of Drugs and Mortality
Ray, W. A. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp058267 · Cited by 58
Validation of Polypharmacy Process Measures in Inpatient Schizophrenia Care
Janssen, B., Weinmann, S., Berger, T., & Gäebel, W. (2004) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007117 · Cited by 57
Self-citationde Haan, L., Booij, J., Lavalaye, J., van Amelsvoort, T., & LINSZEN, D. H. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0218-x · Cited by 54
Deficit symptoms in schizophrenia: negative symptoms versus neuroleptic‐induced deficits
Schooler, N. R. (1994) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05827.x · Cited by 48
Early course of schizophrenia in a representative Dutch incidence cohort
Selten, J., Veen, N. D., Hoek, H. W., Laan, W., Schols, D., van der Tweel, I., Feller, W., & Kahn, R. S. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.07.008 · Cited by 45
Gender and the use of neuroleptics in schizophrenia
Salokangas, R. K. R. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00530-3 · Cited by 43
Mortality and tardive dyskinesia: long-term study using the US National Death Index
Dean, C. E., & THURAS, P. D. (2009) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.049395 · Cited by 42
Bralet, M., Yon, V., Loas, G., & Noisette, C. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 39
Morgan, M. G., Scully, P. J., Youssef, H. A., Kinsella, A., Owens, J. M., & Waddington, J. L. (2003) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00002-7 · Cited by 34
Newcomer, J. W., Meyer, J. S., Baker, R. D., Eudicone, J. M., PIKALOV, A., Vester-Blokland, E., McQuade, R. D., CRANDALL, D. T., CARSON, W., & MARCUS, R. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.09.002 · Cited by 28
Loas, G., Azi, A., Noisette, C., & Yon, V. (2008) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2007.07.005 · Cited by 26
Beyond the "Hype" on the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Atypical Antipsychotics
de León, J. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318166f533 · Cited by 24
The effectiveness criterion: balancing efficacy against the risks of weight gain.
Citrome, L. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 17
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Casey, 2004, Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic abnormalities: implications for increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 4
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Barnes, T. R. E., Drake, R., Paton, C., Cooper, S. J., Deakin, J. F. W., Ferrier, I. N., Gregory, C. J., Haddad, P. M., Howes, O. D., Jones, I. R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119889296 · Cited by 615
Schizophrenia: overview and treatment options.
(2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 533
Almost All Antipsychotics Result in Weight Gain: A Meta-Analysis
Bak, M., Fransen, A., Janssen, J., van Os, J., & Drukker, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094112 · Cited by 490
“Long term use of antipsychotics (AP) is associated with increased mortality risk in people with SMI [16,17].”
BackgroundInfluentialMortality gap for people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: UK-based cohort study 2000–2014
Hayes, J. F., Marston, L., Walters, K., King, M. B., & Osborn, D. P. J. (2017) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.117.202606 · Cited by 451
Solmi, M., Murru, A., Pacchiarotti, I., Undurraga, J., Veronese, N., Fornaro, M., Stubbs, B., Monaco, F., Vieta, E., Seeman, M., et al. (2017) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.s117321 · Cited by 438
Metadata
- Authors
- Weinmann, S., Read, J., & Aderhold, V.
- Affiliations
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Universität Greifswald (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Weinmann, Stefan
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039802122
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 3.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- antipsychotic drugs, schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Databases, Factual
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
