The effect of biochar feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and application rate on the reduction of ammonia volatilisation from biochar-amended soil
Abstract
Ammonia (NH 3) volatilisation is one of the most important causes of nitrogen (N) loss in soil-plant systems worldwide. Carbon-based amendments such as biochar have been shown to mitigate NH 3 volatilisation in agricultural soils to various degrees. In this study, we investigated the influence of biochar feedstocks (poultry manure, green waste compost, and wheat straw), pyrolysis temperatures (250, 350, 450, 500 and 700°C) and application rates (1 and 2%), on NH 3 volatilisation from a calcareous soil. The 15 biochars were chemically characterized, and a laboratory incubation study was conducted to assess NH 3 volatilisation from the soil over a period of four weeks. Furthermore, changes to the bacterial and fungal communities were assessed via sequencing of phylogenetic marker genes. The study showed that biochar feedstock sources, pyrolysis temperature, and application rates all affected NH 3 volatilisation. Overall, low pyrolysis temperature biochars and higher biochar application rates achieved greater reductions in NH 3 volatilisation. A feedstock related effect was also observed, with poultry manure biochar reducing NH 3 volatilisation by an average of 53% in comparison to 38% and 35% reductions for biochar from green waste compost and wheat straw respectively. Results indicate that the biogeochemistry underlying biochar-mediated reduction in NH 3 volatilisation is complex and caused by changes in soil pH, NH 3 sorption and microbial community composition (especially ammonia oxidising guilds).
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Biochar application can also effectively absorb ammonia (NH3), reducing its loss through volatilization.
“Biochar application can also effectively absorb ammonia (NH 3 ), reducing its loss through volatilization (Mandal et al., 2018;Stavi and Lal, 2013).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Mandal et al., 2018
Changes in soil properties due to biochar are likely to impact nutrient reactions on soil particles and microbial transformation of nutrients.
“These changes in soil properties are likely to impact nutrient reactions on soil particles and microbial transformation of nutrients (Mandal et al. 2018).”
From Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant (2020) · cites this paper as Mandal et al. 2018
Loss of nitrogen through ammonia emission depends mainly on the pH of the biochar; biochar with a slightly acidic or near-neutral pH reduces ammonia volatilization from soil.
“However, the loss of N through ammonia emission depends mainly on the pH of the biochar; biochar with a slightly acidic or near-neutral pH reduce ammonia volatilization from soil (Mandal et al. 2019;Mandal et al. 2018).”
From Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant (2020) · cites this paper as Mandal et al. 2018
Resultant soil pH values tended to move to the alkaline side when the soil received an increased biochar application rate.
“The resultant soil pH values tended to move to the alkaline side when the soil received an increased biochar application rate, and when the biochar was produced at a high temperature (e.g., 700 °C) (Mandal et al., 2016b; 2018).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Mandal et al., 2018
Resultant soil pH values tended to move to the alkaline side when the biochar was produced at a high temperature (e.g., 700 °C).
“The resultant soil pH values tended to move to the alkaline side when the soil received an increased biochar application rate, and when the biochar was produced at a high temperature (e.g., 700 °C) (Mandal et al., 2016b; 2018).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Mandal et al., 2018
Biochars from poultry manure, green waste compost and wheat straw at various temperatures (250-700 °C) applied to an alkaline soil (pH 8.01) modified soil pH by about 0.84 units in both directions ranging from pH 7.37 to 8.23.
“Similarly, Mandal et al. (2018) reported that when biochars produced from poultry manure, green waste compost and wheat straw at various temperatures (250 - 700 °C) were applied to an alkaline soil (pH 8.01), they could modify the soil pH values by about 0.84 units in both directions ranging from pH 7.37 to 8.23.”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Mandal et al., 2018
Biochar being rich in surface functional groups, including aromatic moieties, can alter cation and anion exchange capacities of soils, which further influences N retention.
“Biochar being rich in surface functional groups, including aromatic moieties, can alter cation and anion exchange capacities of soils, which further influences N retention (Clough et al., 2013; Slavich et al., 2013; Mandal et al., 2018).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Mandal et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Mandal, S., Donner, E., Vasileiadis, S., Skinner, W., Smith, E., & Lombi, E.
- Affiliations
- University of South Australia (AU)
- University of Thessaly (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Mandal, Sanchita
- Lombi, Enzo
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 627
- Pages
- 942-950
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2790123852
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 12.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- University of Thessaly Institutional Repository (University of Thessaly) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Education and Training
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Keywords
- biochar, ammonia volatilization, nitrogen loss, pyrolysis temperature, biochar feedstock, biochar application rate, green waste compost, wheat straw, calcareous soils, soil microbial communities, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, soil pH, ammonia sorption, soil amendment
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