The DOI matches its Crossref record; 90 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Aerobic biotransformation of fluorotelomer compounds in landfill leachate-sediment
Abstract
Consumer products containing fluorotelomer polymers are a source of fluorotelomer compounds to the environment following their disposal at landfills. The fate and transformation of fluorotelomer compounds are unknown in landfill leachates. This study investigates the aerobic biotransformation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTS) in landfill leachate-sediment microcosms using batch tests. Spiked 8:2 FTOH, 6:2 FTS and their known biotransformation products were quantified in sediment-leachate and headspace over 90 days under aerobic conditions. 8:2 FTOH and 6:2 FTS biotransformation was slow (half-life >>30 d) in landfill leachate-sediment microcosm, suggesting persistence of fluorotelomer compounds under the conditions investigated. Significant volatilization (>20%) of 8:2 FTOH was observed in the microcosm headspace after 90 days. C6 - C8 and C4 - C6 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were the most abundant products for 8:2 FTOH and 6:2 FTS, respectively. PFCAs accounted for 4-9 mol% of the initially spiked parent compounds at 90 days. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the single most abundant product of 8:2 FTOH (>2.8 mol% at 90 days). The unaccounted mass (20 to 35 mol%) of the initially spiked parent compounds indicated formation of fluorotelomer intermediates and sediment-bound residue. Overall the findings suggest that aerobic biotransformation of fluorotelomer compounds acts as a secondary source of long- and short-chain (≤C7) PFCAs in the environment. Partitioning of semi-volatile fluorotelomer compounds (e.g., 8:2 FTOH) to the gas-phase indicates possible long-range transport and subsequent release of PFCAs in pristine environments. Short-chain fluorotelomer replacements (e.g., 6:2 FTS) result in a higher abundance of short-chain PFCAs in landfill leachate. Future research is needed to understand the long-term exposure effects of short-chain PFCAs to humans, aquatic life and biota.
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In the citing paper
“PFBA is reported to be a by-product of PFPeA, PFHxA (Hamid et al., 2020).”
From Occurrence of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in wastewater treatment plants in Northern Italy (2023) · cites this paper as Hamid et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“These evaluated precursors are considered as intermediates in the conversion of other PFAA-precursors such as fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) to terminal PFCAs and PFSAs (Hamid et al., 2020; Huset et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2013).”
From Evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in leachate, gas condensate, stormwater and groundwater at landfills (2023) · cites this paper as Hamid et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Evaluated PFAA-precursors in this study, like 5:3 FTCA, are considered intermediate precursors and can be converted from original precursors, like FTOH”
From Evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in leachate, gas condensate, stormwater and groundwater at landfills (2023) · cites this paper as Hamid et al., 2020
Citations
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1 of the 91 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Robinson, 2007, The composition of leachates from very large landfills: an international review, 8(1), 19
- Stockholm Convention (2019). Compilation of comments received from parties relating to the listing of chemicals in annexes A, B and/or C to the Stockholm Convention recommended by the persistent organic pollutants review committee. Available at. http://www.brsmeas.org/2019COPs/MeetingDocuments/tabid/7832/language/en-US/Default.aspx .Accessed on June, 2019.
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Endo, K., & Ogata, Y. (2021) · Material Cycles and Waste Management Research · doi:10.3985/mcwmr.32.50
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How clean is clean enough? Short-chain PFAS remain dominant in treated landfill leachate
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dos Santos, E. O., Costa, C. C., & Gonzáles, P. L. S. (2026) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.113614
Metadata
- Authors
- Hamid, H., Li, L. Y., & Grace, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Loretta Y.
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 713
- Pages
- 136547
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2999983699
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 4.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Schlumberger Foundation
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (CGSD3-475849-2015)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Landfill Environmental Impact Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- fluorotelomer alcohols, fluorotelomer sulfonates, aerobic biotransformation, landfill leachate, perfluorocarboxylic acids, perfluorooctanoic acid, volatilization, biotransformation products, long-range transport, microcosm
- MeSH terms
- Aerobiosis, Alkanesulfonates, Biotransformation, Fluorocarbons, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biota, Waste Disposal Facilities
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