Monitoring of Perfluorinated Compounds in Aquatic Biota: An Updated Review: PFCs in Aquatic Biota
Abstract
The goal of this article is to summarize new biological monitoring information on perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in aquatic ecosystems (post-2005) as a followup to our critical review published in 2006. A wider range of geographical locations (e.g., South America, Russia, Antarctica) and habitats (e.g., high-mountain lakes, deep-ocean, and offshore waters) have been investigated in recent years enabling a better understanding of the global distribution of PFCs in aquatic organisms. High concentrations of PFCs continue to be detected in invertebrates, fish, reptiles, and marine mammals worldwide. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is still the predominant PFC detected (mean concentrations up to 1900 ng/g ww) in addition to important concentrations of long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs; sum PFCAs up to 400 ng/g ww). More studies have evaluated the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of these compounds in both freshwater and marine food webs. Several reports have indicated a decrease in PFOS levels over time in contrast to PFCA concentrations that have tended to increase in tissues of aquatic organisms at many locations. The detection of precursor metabolites and isomers has become more frequently reported in environmental assessments yielding important information on the sources and distribution of these contaminants. The integration of environmental/ecological characteristics (e.g., latitude/longitude, salinity, and/or trophic status at sampling locations) and biological variables (e.g., age, gender, life cycle, migration, diet composition, growth rate, food chain length, metabolism, and elimination) are essential elements in order to adequately study the environmental fate and distribution of PFCs and should be more frequently considered in study design.
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In general, LC-PFASs are expected to be adsorbed to particles faster and thus removed by biofilters more efficiently relative to SC-PFASs.
“In general, LC-PFASs are expected to be adsorbed to particles faster and thus removed by biofilters more efficiently relative to SC-PFASs.”
From Occurrence, Concentration, and Distribution of 35 PFASs and Their Precursors Retained in 20 Stormwater Biofilters (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
These data highlight the importance of investigating PFAS exposure and neurotoxicity in varying environmental conditions, as these factors could influence PFAS accumulation in the brain, particularly in the wake of climate change.
“These data, which are primarily relevant to PFAS distribution in wildlife, highlight the importance of investigating PFAS exposure and neurotoxicity in varying environmental conditions, as these factors could influence PFAS accumulation in the brain, particularly in the wake of climate change (Borgå et al., 2010; Houde et al., 2011; Vidal et al., 2019).”
From A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Houde et al., 2011
A wide range of PFASs, including fluorinated alternatives to long-chain PFASs, is present in environmental matrices, wildlife, and human tissue all over the globe.
“PFASs are ubiquitous.”
From Helsingør Statement on poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (2014) · cites this paper as Houde et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Houde, M., De Silva, A. O., Muir, D. C. G., & Letcher, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (CA)
- Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada, L7R 4A6
- Corresponding author
- Houde, Magali
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-05-04
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 7962-7973
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2322444851
- Cited by
- 847
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 4.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, PFOS, perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, aquatic organisms, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, food webs, isomers, environmental fate, freshwater ecosystems, marine ecosystems, high-altitude lakes, deep ocean, marine mammals, fish, invertebrates, reptiles, temporal trends
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Pollution, Biota, Aquatic Organisms
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