Perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorochemicals in human blood from several countries
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride based compounds have been used in a wide variety of consumer products, such as carpets, upholstery, and textiles. These compounds degrade to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), a persistent metabolite that accumulates in tissues of humans and wildlife. Previous studies have reported the occurrence of PFOS, perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) in human sera collected from the United States. In this study, concentrations of PFOS, PFHxS, PFOA, and PFOSA were measured in 473 human blood/serum/plasma samples collected from the United States, Colombia, Brazil, Belgium, Italy, Poland, India, Malaysia, and Korea. Among the four perfluorochemicals measured, PFOS was the predominant compound found in blood. Concentrations of PFOS were the highest in the samples collected from the United States and Poland (>30 ng/mL); moderate in Korea, Belgium, Malaysia, Brazil, Italy, and Colombia (3 to 29 ng/mL); and lowest in India (<3 ng/mL). PFOA was the next most abundant perfluorochemical in blood samples, although the frequency of occurrence of this compound was relatively low. No age- or gender-related differences in the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were found in serum samples. The degree of association between the concentrations of four perfluorochemicals varied, depending on the origin of the samples. These results suggested the existence of sources with varying levels and compositions of perfluorochemicals, and differences in exposure patterns to these chemicals, in various countries. In addition to the four target fluorochemicals measured, qualitative analysis of selected blood samples showed the presence of other perfluorochemicals such as perfluorodecanesulfonate (PFDS), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) in serum samples, at concentrations approximately 5- to 10-fold lower than the concentration of PFOS. Further studies should focus on identifying sources and pathways of human exposure to perfluorochemicals.
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A wide range of PFASs, including fluorinated alternatives to long-chain PFASs, is present in environmental matrices, wildlife, and human tissue all over the globe.
“PFASs are ubiquitous.”
From Helsingør Statement on poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (2014) · cites this paper as Kannan et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Kannan, K., Corsolini, S., Falandysz, J., Fillmann, G., Kumar, K. S., Loganathan, B. G., Mohd, M. A., Olivero, J., Wouwe, N. V., Yang, J. H., & Aldous, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Siena (IT)
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Toxicology and Health, State University of New York, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland, Departemento de Oceanografia, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, C.P. 474, Rio Grande RS 96201-900, Brazil, Shimadzu...
- Corresponding author
- Kannan, Kurunthachalam
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2004-07-24
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 4489-4495
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2057310849
- Cited by
- 1,056
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 29.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Use Siena air (University of Siena) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFHxS, perfluorochemicals, human blood, serum concentration, cross-national comparison, human exposure, persistent organic pollutants, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid
- MeSH terms
- Belgium, Brazil, Caprylates, Demography, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Floors and Floorcoverings, Fluorocarbons, Humans, India, Italy, Korea, Malaysia, Male, Poland, Sulfonamides, Sulfonic Acids, Textiles, United States, Alkanesulfonic Acids
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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