Cited by 828Algal biology and biofuel productionWastewater Treatment and ReuseAquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics

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Integrating micro-algae into wastewater treatment: A review

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Mohsenpour, Seyedeh Fatemeh, Hennige, Sebastian, Willoughby, Nicholas, Adeloye, Adebayo, Gutierrez, Tony·2021·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142168

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Abstract

Improving the ecological status of water sources is a growing focus for many developed and developing nations, in particular with reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater effluent. In recent years, mixotrophic micro-algae have received increased interest in implementing them as part of wastewater treatment. This is based on their ability to utilise organic and inorganic carbon, as well as inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in wastewater for their growth, with the desired results of a reduction in the concentration of these substances in the water. The aim of this review is to provide a critical account of micro-algae as an important step in wastewater treatment for enhancing the reduction of N, P and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater, whilst utilising a fraction of the energy demand of conventional biological treatment systems. Here, we begin with an overview of the various steps in the treatment process, followed by a review of the cellular and metabolic mechanisms that micro-algae use to reduce N, P and COD of wastewater with identification of when the process may potentially be most effective. We also describe the various abiotic and biotic factors influencing micro-algae wastewater treatment, together with a review of bioreactor configuration and design. Furthermore, a detailed overview is provided of the current state-of-the-art in the use of micro-algae in wastewater treatment.

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See all 828

Authors: Mohsenpour, S. F., Hennige, S., Willoughby, N., Adeloye, A., & Gutierrez, T.
Affiliations: Heriot-Watt University (GB)
University of Edinburgh (GB)
ORCID: Mohsenpour, Seyedeh Fatemeh
Hennige, Sebastian
Willoughby, Nicholas
Adeloye, Adebayo
Gutierrez, Tony
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-01
Volume: 752
Pages: 142168
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142168
OpenAlex: W3082865927
Cited by: 828
References: 271
Citations by year: 2026: 106 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 180 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 183 · 2021: 88
FWCI: 4.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Heriot-Watt University
Natural Environment Research Council
Topics: Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Keywords: wastewater treatment, mixotrophic cultivation, nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal, COD removal, bioreactor design, energy demand reduction, algal wastewater treatment
MeSH terms: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Bioreactors, Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis, Microalgae, Wastewater

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Integrating micro-algae into wastewater treatment: A review

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