Production cost of a real microalgae production plant and strategies to reduce it
Abstract
The cost analysis of a real facility for the production of high value microalgae biomass is presented. The facility is based on ten 3 m3 tubular photobioreactors operated in continuous mode for 2 years, data of Scenedesmus almeriensis productivity but also of nutrients and power consumption from this facility being used. The yield of the facility was close to maximum expected for the location of Almería, the annual production capacity being 3.8 t/year (90 t/ha·year) and the photosynthetic efficiency being 3.6%. The production cost was 69 €/kg. Economic analysis shows that labor and depreciation are the major factors contributing to this cost. Simplification of the technology and scale-up to a production capacity of 200 t/year allows to reduce the production cost up to 12.6 €/kg. Moreover, to reduce the microalgae production cost to approaches the energy or commodities markets it is necessary to reduce the photobioreactor cost (by simplifying its design or materials used), use waste water and flue gases, and reduce the power consumption and labor required for the production step. It can be concluded that although it has been reported that production of biofuels from microalgae is relatively close to being economically feasible, data here reported demonstrated that to achieve it by using the current production technologies, it is necessary to substantially reduce their costs and to operate them near their optimum values.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The high CAPEX of hybrid photobioreactors is directly related to material requirements and technological integration complexity, although it can be partially mitigated through scale-up and technological advances.
“Thus, the high CAPEX of hybrid photobioreactors is directly related to material requirements and technological integration complexity, although it can be partially mitigated through scale-up and technological advances (Acién et al., 2012).”
From Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design (2025) · cites this paper as Acién et al., 2012
Cites
Chisti, Y. (2007) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001 · Cited by 9,524 · see citing works
Valuable Products from Biotechnology of Microalgae
Pulz, O., & Gross, W. (2004) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-004-1647-x · Cited by 2,132 · see citing works
Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanol
Chisti, Y. (2008) · Trends in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.12.002 · Cited by 2,128 · see citing works
An outlook on microalgal biofuels
Wijffels, R. H., & Barbosa, M. J. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1189003 · Cited by 1,886 · see citing works
Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and Fermenters.
Borowitzka, M. A. (1999) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(99)00083-8 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Microalgae as a raw material for biofuels production
Gouveia, L., & Oliveira, A. C. (2009) · Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10295-008-0495-6 · Cited by 1,284 · see citing works
Williams, P. J. L. B., & Laurens, L. M. L. (2010) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/b924978h · Cited by 1,223 · see citing works
Commercialization potential of microalgae for biofuels production
Singh, J., & Gu, S. (2010) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.06.014 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Microalgal Reactors: A Review of Enclosed System Designs and Performances
CARVALHO, A. P. F. D., Meireles, L. A., & Malcata, F. X. (2006) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1021/bp060065r · Cited by 948 · see citing works
Microalgal production — A close look at the economics
Norsker, N.-H., Barbosa, M. J., Vermuë, M. H., & Wijffels, R. H. (2011) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.08.005 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Design principles of photo-bioreactors for cultivation of microalgae
Posten, C. (2009) · Engineering in Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/elsc.200900003 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
MANUAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Demain, A. L., & DAVIES, J. E. (1999) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Tubular photobioreactor design for algal cultures
Molina, E., Fernández, J., Acién, F. G., & Chisti, Y. (2001) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00353-4 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroalgae for the production of bulk chemicals and biofuels
Wijffels, R. H., Barbosa, M. J., & Eppink, M. H. M. (2010) · Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining · doi:10.1002/bbb.215 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Manual of industrial microbiology and biotechnology
Bushell, M. E. (1987) · Enzyme and Microbial Technology · doi:10.1016/0141-0229(87)90013-5 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Towards Sustainable Production of Biofuels from Microalgae
Patil, V., Tran, K.-Q., & Giselrød, H. R. (2008) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms9071188 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
An economic and technical evaluation of microalgal biofuels
Stephens, E., Ross, I. L., King, Z. R., Mussgnug, J. H., Kruse, O., Posten, C. H., Borowitzka, M. A., & Hankamer, B. D. (2010) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0210-126 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Acién, F. G., Fernández-Sevilla, J. M., Pérez, J. A. S., Grima, E. M., & Yusuf Chisti, B. (2001) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00521-2 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Self-citationNational microalgae biofuel production potential and resource demand
Wigmosta, M. S., Coleman, A. M., Skaggs, R. L., Huesemann, M. H., & Lane, L. J. (2011) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2010wr009966 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Sánchez, J. F., Fernández, J. M., Acién, F. G., Rueda, A., Pérez-Parra, J., & Molina, E. (2008) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2008.01.004 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationSánchez, J. F., Fernández-Sevilla, J. M., Acién, F. G., Cerón, M. C., Pérez-Parra, J., & Molina-Grima, E. (2008) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1494-2 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citationSimultaneous flue gas bioremediation and reduction of microalgal biomass production costs
Douskova, I., Doucha, J., Livansky, K., Machat, J., Novak, P., Umysova, D., Zachleder, V., & Vitova, M. (2009) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1811-9 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Photosynthetic biomass and H2 production by green algae: from bioengineering to bioreactor scale‐up
Hankamer, B. D., Lehr, F., Rupprecht, J., Mussgnug, J. H., Posten, C. H., & Kruse, O. (2007) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00924.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Microalgal biotechnology at the turn of the millennium: A personal view
RICHMOND, A. E. (2000) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/a:1008123131307 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
ON PIGMENTS, GROWTH, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM12
Mann, J. E., & Myers, J. E. (1968) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1968.tb04707.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Influence of power supply in the feasibility of Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultures
Brindley, C., López, M. C. G., Acién, F. G., Fernández-Sevilla, J. M., Sánchez, J. L. G., & Grima, E. M. (2004) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.20179 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Economics of Microalgae Oil
Richardson, J. W., Outlaw, J. L., & Allison, M. S. (2010) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cost estimation for biotechnology projects
Kalk, J. P., & Langlykke, A. F. (1986) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Slade, R., & Bauen, A. (2013) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.019 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Integrating micro-algae into wastewater treatment: a review
Mohsenpour, S. F., Hennige, S., Willoughby, N., Adeloye, A., & Gutierrez, T. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142168 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Microalgae-Based Wastewater Treatment for Nutrients Recovery: A Review
Li, K., Liu, Q., Fang, F., Luo, R., Lu, Q., Zhou, W., Huo, S., Cheng, P., Liu, J., Addy, M., et al. (2019) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121934 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Constraints to Commercialization of Algal Fuels
Chisti, Y. (2013) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.07.020 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Yin, Z., Zhu, L., Li, S., Hu, T., Chu, R., Mo, F., Hu, D., Liu, C., & Li, B. (2020) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122804 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Multifaceted roles of microalgae in the application of wastewater biotreatment: a review
Chai, W. S., Tan, W. G., Halimatul Munawaroh, H. S., Gupta, V. K., Ho, S.-H., & Show, P. L. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116236 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Chauton, M. S., Reitan, K. I., Norsker, N. H., Tveterås, R., & Kleivdal, H. T. (2015) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.10.038 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
A mini review: photobioreactors for large scale algal cultivation
Gupta, P. L., Lee, S.-M., & Choi, H.-J. (2015) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-015-1892-4 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Posadas, E., Morales, M. D. M., Gomez, C., Acién, F. G., & Muñoz, R. (2015) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.12.059 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationExtraction and fractionation of microalgae-based protein products
Soto-Sierra, L., Stoykova, P., & Nikolov, Z. L. (2018) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2018.10.023 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Techno-economic analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1-ha Green Wall Panel (GWP®) plant
Tredici, M. R., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Bassi, N., & Sampietro, G. (2016) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.005 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Dasan, Y. K., Lam, M. K., Yusup, S., Lim, J. W., & Lee, K. T. (2019) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.181 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Operational and economic aspects of Spirulina-based biorefinery
Costa, J. A. V., Freitas, B. C. B., Rosa, G. M., Moraes, L., Morais, M. G., & Mitchell, B. G. (2019) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121946 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Garrido-Cardenas, J. A., Manzano-Agugliaro, F., Acien-Fernandez, F. G., & Molina-Grima, E. (2018) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.005 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Vasistha, S., Khanra, A., Clifford, M., & Rai, M. P. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110498 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Comprehensive techno-economic analysis of wastewater-based algal biofuel production: a case study
Xin, C., Addy, M. M., Zhao, J., Cheng, Y., Cheng, S., Mu, D., Liu, Y., Ding, R., Chen, P., & Ruan, R. (2016) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.102 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Abreu, A. P., Morais, R. C., Teixeira, J. A., & Nunes, J. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112247 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Vázquez-Romero, B., Perales, J. A., Pereira, H., Barbosa, M., & Ruiz, J. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155742 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Yang, L., Li, H., & Wang, Q. (2019) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.036 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Variables Governing Photosynthesis and Growth in Microalgae Mass Cultures
Masojídek, J., Ranglová, K., Lakatos, G. E., Silva Benavides, A. M., & Torzillo, G. (2021) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr9050820 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Production of microalgae using centrate from anaerobic digestion as the nutrient source
Morales-Amaral, M. D. M., Gómez-Serrano, C., Acién, F. G., Fernández-Sevilla, J. M., & Molina-Grima, E. (2015) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.03.018 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationde Jesus, S. S., Ferreira, G. F., Moreira, L. S., Wolf Maciel, M. R., & Maciel Filho, R. (2019) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.168 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Economic analysis of microalgae biodiesel production in a small-scale facility
Branco-Vieira, M., Mata, T. M., Martins, A. A., Freitas, M. A. V., & Caetano, N. S. (2020) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.156 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Karpagam, R., Jawaharraj, K., & Gnanam, R. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144236 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Microalgae Biodiesel Production in China: A Preliminary Economic Analysis
Sun, J., Xiong, X., Wang, M., Du, H., Li, J., Zhou, D., & Zuo, J. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.021 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Microalgae Production Cost in Aquaculture Hatcheries
Oostlander, P. C., van Houcke, J., Wijffels, R. H., & Barbosa, M. J. (2020) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735310 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Cultivation of microalgae with recovered nutrients after hydrothermal liquefaction
López Barreiro, D., Bauer, M., Hornung, U., Posten, C., Kruse, A., & Prins, W. (2015) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.03.007 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
A new hybrid photobioreactor design for microalgae culture
Deprá, M. C., Mérida, L. G. R., de Menezes, C. R., Zepka, L. Q., & Jacob-Lopes, E. (2019) · Chemical Engineering Research and Design · doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2019.01.023 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Costs Analysis of Microalgae Production
Acién Fernández, F. G., Fernández Sevilla, J. M., & Molina Grima, E. (2019) · Biofuels from Algae · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64192-2.00021-4 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The cost benefit of algal technology for combined CO2 mitigation and nutrient abatement
Judd, S. J., Al Momani, F. A. O., Znad, H., & Al Ketife, A. M. D. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.068 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
San Pedro, A., González-López, C. V., Acién, F. G., & Molina-Grima, E. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.052 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationMaroušek, J., Gavurová, B., Strunecký, O., Maroušková, A., Sekar, M., & Marek, V. (2023) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128056 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Photobioreactors for the production of microalgae
Acién, F. G., Molina, E., Reis, A., Torzillo, G., Zittelli, G. C., Sepúlveda, C., & Masojídek, J. (2017) · Microalgae-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-101023-5.00001-7 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationProgress toward a Bicarbonate-Based Microalgae Production System
Zhu, C., Chen, S., Ji, Y., Schwaneberg, U., & Chi, Z. (2022) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.06.005 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Photobioreactor configurations in cultivating microalgae biomass for biorefinery
Barboza-Rodríguez, R., Rodríguez-Jasso, R. M., Rosero-Chasoy, G., Rosales Aguado, M. L., & Ruiz, H. A. (2024) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130208 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Troschl, C., Meixner, K., Fritz, I., Leitner, K., Romero, A. P., Kovalcik, A., Sedlacek, P., & Drosg, B. (2018) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2018.07.011 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Overview on Microalgal-Fortified/Based Food and Beverages
Sidari, R., & Tofalo, R. (2019) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2019.1608557 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Michels, M. H. A., van der Goot, A. J., Vermuë, M. H., & Wijffels, R. H. (2016) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-015-0559-8 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Techno-economic analysis of microalgae related processes for CO2 bio-fixation
Llamas, B., Suárez-Rodríguez, M. C., González-López, C. V., Mora, P., & Acién, F. G. (2021) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102339 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationPawar, S. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.074 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The Use of Bicarbonate for Microalgae Cultivation and Its Carbon Footprint Analysis
Kim, G.-Y., Roh, K., & Han, J.-I. (2019) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9gc01107b · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Industrial Photobioreactors and Scale-Up Concepts
Pruvost, J., Le Borgne, F., Artu, A., Cornet, J.-F., & Legrand, J. (2016) · Advances in Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/bs.ache.2015.11.002 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
San Pedro, A., González-López, C. V., Acién, F. G., & Molina-Grima, E. (2015) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.02.013 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationHarvesting time and biomass composition affect the economics of microalgae production
Sui, Y., Jiang, Y., Moretti, M., & Vlaeminck, S. E. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120782 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Light regime optimization in photobioreactors using a dynamic photosynthesis model
Brindley, C., Jiménez-Ruíz, N., Acién, F. G., & Fernández-Sevilla, J. M. (2016) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.033 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationZhu, C., Zhai, X., Wang, J., Han, D., Li, Y., Xi, Y., Tang, Y., & Chi, Z. (2018) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9258-0 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
First Principles Model of a Tubular Photobioreactor for Microalgal Production
Fernández, I., Acién, F. G., Berenguel, M., & Guzmán, J. L. (2014) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie501438r · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationGupta, P. L., Choi, H. J., & Lee, S.-M. (2016) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6224-1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Microalgae as future food: rich nutrients, safety, production costs and environmental effects
Gao, L., Qin, Y., Zhou, X., Jin, W., He, Z., Li, X., & Wang, Q. (2024) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172167 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Somers, M. D., Chen, P., Clippinger, J., Cruce, J. R., Davis, R., Lammers, P. J., & Quinn, J. C. (2021) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102419 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Enhancing Digestibility of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Monogastric Diets: Strategies and Insights
Spínola, M. P., Costa, M. M., & Prates, J. A. M. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13061017 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Li, J., Stamato, M., Velliou, E., Jeffryes, C., & Agathos, S. N. (2015) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-014-0335-1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Influence of Photobioreactor Set-up on the Survival of Microalgae Inoculum
Bani, A., Fernandez, F. G. A., D'Imporzano, G., Parati, K., & Adani, F. (2021) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124408 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mayers, J. J., Ekman Nilsson, A., Svensson, E., & Albers, E. (2016) · Industrial Biotechnology · doi:10.1089/ind.2016.0006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Marine microalgae as sustainable feedstock for multi-product biorefineries
Nishshanka, G. K. S. H., Anthonio, R. A. D. P., Nimarshana, P. H. V., Ariyadasa, T. U., & Chang, J.-S. (2022) · Biochemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bej.2022.108593 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Scale-up of a Fibonacci-Type Photobioreactor for the Production of Dunaliella salina
Díaz, J. P., Inostroza, C., & Acién, F. G. (2021) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12010-020-03410-x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationde Andrade, F. P., de Farias Silva, C. E., Medeiros, J. A., Vieira, R. C., de Sá Filho, M. L. F., & Santos, G. K. S. (2022) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103211 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Insights into the technology utilized to cultivate microalgae in dairy effluents
Vieira Costa, J. A., Cruz, C. G., & Centeno da Rosa, A. P. (2021) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102106 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Deprá, M. C., Dias, R. R., Zepka, L. Q., & Jacob-Lopes, E. (2024) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13010051 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Markou, G., Ilkiv, B., Brulé, M., Antonopoulos, D., Chakalis, L., Arapoglou, D., & Chatzipavlidis, I. (2022) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00703-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Guan, Y., Zhang, Z., Dong, S., Yuan, T., Ruan, Z., & Chen, M. (2024) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202457701008 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Moraes, L., Rosa, G. M., Cara, I. M., Santos, L. O., Morais, M. G., Grima, E. M., Costa, J. A. V., & Fernández, F. G. A. (2020) · Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s00449-020-02373-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design
Schneider, A. T., Machado, R. L. S., Dutra, D. A., Machado, E. F., Dias, R. R., Deprá, M. C., Zepka, L. Q., & Jacob-Lopes, E. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1716473 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Garcia-Vaquero, M. (2021) · Microalgae · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821218-9.00008-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Acién, F. G., Fernández, J. M., Magán, J. J., & Molina, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Almería (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Acién, F.G.
- Venue
- Biotechnology Advances
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1344-1353
- ISSN
- 0734-9750 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2018607814
- Cited by
- 735
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 13.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biotechnology Advances (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Algae and aquatic biomass for a sustainable production of 2nd generation biofuels” (FP7-ENERGY-2009-1)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTQ2008-06741-CO2-01/PPQ)
- Junta de Andalucía Plan Andaluz de Investigación (CVI 173&131)
- ACCIONA Biocombustibles and Fundación CAJAMAR
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Keywords
- microalgae cultivation, production costs, tubular photobioreactor, Scenedesmus almeriensis, economic analysis, scale-up, power consumption, labor costs, depreciation, photosynthetic efficiency, microalgal biofuels, Almería
- MeSH terms
- Biotechnology, Costs and Cost Analysis, Electricity, Seasons, Spain, Thermodynamics, Biomass, Scenedesmus, Microalgae, Photobioreactors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
