The biological activity of the organic UV filter ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Abstract
UV filters are able to enter the aquatic environment and negatively affect non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate subchronic exposure to ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) in rainbow trout. The tested EHMC concentrations of 6.9 (low), 96.0 (medium) and 395.6 μg/kg (high) were used. The lowest concentration was based on environmentally relevant concentrations. The higher concentrations were chosen as a multiple of the lowest one to determine the dose-response relationship. EHMC was incorporated into feed pellets. The experiment was conducted for six weeks in a semi-static system. Haematological, biochemical and oxidative stress indices were determined at the end of the experiment and supplemented by histological examination. Significant changes were proven at medium and high concentrations of EHMC. Specifically, increases of glucose, lactate and decrease of albumin and total protein in plasma indicate a stress ethology. Moreover, a decrease of plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerols and ammonia were observed even in the experimental group exposed to the lowest concentration of EHMC, perceived as an environmentally relevant concentration. The ferric reducing ability of plasma was decreased in all tested concentrations. Exposure to the highest concentration of EHMC resulted in a decrease in leukocyte counts. Increased activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver was recorded for the medium and the highest concentration of EHMC. The level of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in kidney was elevated for the highest concentration. Decrease of the activity of glutathione-S-transferase in gills for medium concentration of EHMC was registered. Histopathological examination revealed massive destruction of hepatic parenchyma at the highest concentration of EHMC. All these results support the finding of a stress load on the fish organism. In summary, although subchronic exposure to EHMC had no effect on behaviour, mortality or feed intake, this exposure resulted in the alteration of saccharide, lipid and protein metabolism and weakened antioxidant capacity.
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EHMC at common environmental concentrations (96.0-395.6 μg/kg) causes changes in metabolic pathways, increased leukocytes, and oxidative stress in Oncorhynchus mykiss, without mortality or behavioural changes.
“For fish Oncorhynchus mykiss, changes in metabolic pathways, increase in leukocytes and oxidative stress were detected, using common environmental concentrations (96.0–395.6 μg/kg) of EHMC (21) [60]. Despite this, no mortality and non-behavioral changes were observed [60].”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Cahova, J., Blahova, J., Marsalek, P., Doubkova, V., Franc, A., Garajová, M., Tichy, F., Mares, J., & Svobodova, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (CZ)
- Masaryk University (CZ)
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 774
- Pages
- 145570
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3126220499
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Veterinární a Farmaceutická Univerzita Brno (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000869)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Keywords
- ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, UV filters, rainbow trout, subchronic exposure, fish toxicity, oxidative stress, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, liver histopathology, dose-response relationship, environmentally relevant concentrations
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cinnamates, Gills, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, Oncorhynchus mykiss
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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